Sam Houston Ranger District West/Central WUI Fuels Reduction Project Soil and Water Resources

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Sam Houston Ranger District West/Central WUI Fuels Reduction Project Soil and Water Resources"

Transcription

1 Soil and Water Resources The Sam Houston National Forest has identified specific wildland urban interface (WUI) areas within Compartments 33, 36, 37, 49, 57, and 66 that contain high fuel loadings. This report serves as a technical guide for the purpose of mitigating any adverse effects to soil productivity and/or water quality as a result of the proposed project. Project activities include reducing fuel loadings through mulching and prescribe burning a 200- foot wide shaded fuel break along the boundary on the. Recommendations are made according to the 1996 Revised Forest Land & Resource Management Plan for the National Forests and Grasslands in Texas, Forest-wide Standards and Guidelines (FW-211) which states maintain soil erosion within tolerance levels for that soil type and minimize increases in stream turbidity and Texas Best Management Practices. The Sam Houston has numerous small perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral streams that occur throughout the project areas. Infiltration and permeability rates range from rapid to slow. The deep sands have rapid infiltration rates and those soils with clay at or near the surface have slower infiltration and percolation rates. Direct and Indirect Impacts Adverse affects to soils with a poorly suited mechanical site preparation will be mitigated by limiting operations during periods of excessive ground saturation or restricting operations on sensitive soils. Hydric soils should be avoided when they are associated with Streamside Management Zones (MA-4). Those compartments with hydric soils have been inspected to determine if wetlands are present. These areas are listed and will be forwarded to the Botanist for further determinations. They should be treated in the same manner as streamside management zones Management Area 4. Project activities on roads that are located on steep slopes, erodible soils, or stream crossings have the greatest potential for degrading surface water quality. Site characteristics, season of use, and the intended duration of use of a road should be considered when designing the construction of a temporary road and making improvements to an existing road. Following state Best Management Practices will help to mitigate any adverse affects to soil productivity and water quality. Controlling fire intensity is important in keeping most litter/duff from being consumed and exposing excessive amount of mineral soil on slopes. At the highest Fire Intensity Level (FIL) allowed, underburns expose no more than 20% mineral soils (VMEIS, p. IV- 82). To control fire intensity, prescribed burns are implemented under specific fuel and weather conditions. Impacts of prescribed burning on soil productivity include a small increase in soil ph and available nutrients (phosphorous and exchangeable calcium and magnesium) in the top 2 to 4 inches of mineral soil. The change in mineral elements status is related to the -1-

2 amount of these elements in the organic matter on the forest floor. Although burning tends to volatilize nitrogen in the combustion of fine and medium size fuels, the increases in nitrogen fixation in the soil compensates for losses to the atmosphere. The lower associated soil acidity stimulates microbe nitrogen fixation in the short term, while the larger size residual materials provides a continuing reserve of nutrients over the long term. Compartment 33 Summary by Map Unit Montgomery County, Texas Map unit symbol Map unit name Estimated Acres in Compartment Estimated Percentage Bb Bibb soils, frequently flooded % BlC* Betis fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes % Bo* Boy fine sand % FcC2 Latium clay, 1 to 5 percent slopes, eroded % FcD2 Latium clay, 5 to 8 percent slopes, eroded % Hs Bleiblerville clay % SuC Woodville fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent % slopes Tu Gladewater clay, frequently flooded % W Water % WkC Fetzer loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent % slopes WkD Fetzer loamy fine sand, 5 to 12 percent slopes 1, % Totals for Area of Interest 100.0% The Bibb series consists of nearly level, deep, poorly drained, loamy soils. These soils are usually saturated with water during the winter months. These soils (frequently flooded) have slopes of less than 1 percent and occupy the flood plain of streams. They are not suited to mechanical operations, because they are flooded a number of times each year, and the water table is at or near the surface for 2 to 6 months during the cool season of the year. The Betis series consists of deep, somewhat excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils on broad interstream divides in the Coastal Plain. Slope ranges from 1 to 5 percent with an average slope of 4 percent. The surface thickness is more than 60 inches. Erosion hazard is slight because of relatively flat surface areas. Equipment limitations are moderate because of rutting hazards present during droughty seasons due to this soil being excessively drained. Excessive moisture loss is common during mechanical operations on this soil. This soil is moderately suited to trees, being best suited to pines. Seedling mortality is severe. If the site is prepared adequately and the competing vegetation is controlled, most seedlings survive. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service recommended management practices include prescribed burning and timber stand improvement. Avoid mechanical operations on this soil during excessive dry ground conditions. The Bleiblerville series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on uplands. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is low on slopes less than 1 percent, medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes, -2-

3 and high on 3 to 5 percent slopes. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. The solum thickness is more than 80 inches. When this soil is dry, cracks up to 3 inches wide on the surface extend to about 50 inches. Cracks remain open for 90 to 150 cumulative days in most years. Cycles of micro-depressions and micro-knolls are repeated each 5 to 10 feet. Texture is mainly clay but may be silty clay. Limit mechanical operations during wet ground conditions. Operating machinery may present safety concerns during droughty seasons. The Boy series consists of nearly level to gently sloping, deep, moderately well drained soils that are sandy to a depth of 40 to 60 inches. These soils are on uplands. Slopes are dominantly 0 to 5 percent but in places range up to 7 percent. Boy soils have a low available water capacity. These soils are somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is negligible on 0 to 3 percent slopes, low on 3 to 8 percent slopes. In wet seasons, these soils are saturated in and just above the Bt horizon for periods from 2 to 4 months. Limit mechanical operations to dry ground conditions. The Fetzer series consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in unconsolidated clayey and loamy sediments. These nearly level to sloping soils are on uplands. The soils have a perched water table near the surface for short periods during the winter and spring. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Fetzer soils are mainly on concave lower slopes and receive additional water. A temporary perched water table is present in and above an average 24 inches during winter and spring. Limit mechanical operations to dry ground conditions. The Gladewater series consists of moderately deep clayey soils on flood plains. These soils formed in recent slightly acid clayey sediments. Slopes are from 0 to 1 percent. These soils are frequently flooded on nearly level soil is on flood plains. It is inundated about twice a year for a period of 3 days to 2 weeks. The surface layer is very firm. This soil is poorly drained and has a high available water capacity. The condition of the soil is poor and the soil can only be worked within a very limited range of moisture content. The root zone is moderately deep but is very difficult to penetrate. Frequent flooding and wetness are severe limitations, which can only be overcome by flood control and drainage measures. It has a high shrink-swell potential. Generally this soil is found on floodplains and usually flood during the winter and spring months. They are not suited to project activities since they are often associated with SMZs. Avoid mechanical operations on these soils. The Latium series consists of very deep, well drained, very slowly permeable soils. These soils are on gently sloping to moderately steep uplands. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes, high on 3 to 5 percent slopes, and very high on slopes greater than 5 percent. Slope is dominantly 3 to 12 percent, but ranges from 2 to 15 percent. Solum thickness ranges from 40 to more than 60 inches. The soil is clay or silty clay throughout. This soil may have cracks which extend to more than 20 inches and are up to 2 inches wide on the surface that remain open 90 to 150 cumulative days in most years. Water enters this soil very rapidly when cracks are open, and very slowly when -3-

4 cracks have closed. Some areas may have micro-lows 1 to 3 feet wide and 2 to 8 inches deep, and micro-highs 10 to 16 feet wide that extend up and down slopes. The Woodville series consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils on uplands in the Coastal Plain. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent with an average slope of 3 percent. Typically, this soil has a fine sandy loam surface layer about 6 inches thick. The subsoil to a depth of 70 inches is clay. The surface crusts or puddles after heavy rains if the disturbed area contains subsoil material which is clay. Root development is restricted below the surface layer because of compaction and high clay content of the subsoil. The erosion hazard is severe. Restrictions during wet periods will help to reduce rutting hazards and keep the vegetation and soil in good condition. Over manipulation when the soil is too wet causes compaction and increases runoff. This soil is moderately suited to pine trees. Wetness and high clay content are moderate limitations mechanical operations. The high shrink-swell potential, low strength and wetness are the main limitations. When saturated, this soil does not have sufficient strength and stability to support mechanical equipment, but this limitation can be corrected by strengthening or replacing base material. Avoid these soils during wet ground conditions. If mechanical operations occur on slopes >8% revegetate immediately to reduce excessive soil loss. Compartment 36 Summary by Map Unit Montgomery County, Texas Map unit Map unit name Estimated Acres in Estimated symbol Compartment Percentage Bb Bibb soils, frequently flooded % Ga Garner clay % Hs Bleiblerville clay % SuC Woodville fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent % slopes W Water % WkC Fetzer loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes % WkD Fetzer loamy fine sand, 5 to 12 percent slopes % Totals for Area of Interest (map #1) 100.0% Bb Bibb soils, frequently flooded % Eu Betis loamy fine sand % FcC2 Latium clay, 1 to 5 percent slopes, eroded % Ga Garner clay % SuC Woodville fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes % W Water % WkC Fetzer loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes 1, % WkD Fetzer loamy fine sand, 5 to 12 percent slopes 1, % Totals for Area of Interest (map #2) 100.0% The Bibb series consists of nearly level, deep, poorly drained, loamy soils. These soils are usually saturated with water during the winter months. These soils (frequently flooded) have slopes of less than 1 percent and occupy the flood plain of streams. They are not suited to mechanical operations, because they are flooded a number of times each year, and the water table is at or near the surface for 2 to 6 months during the cool season of the year. -4-

5 The Betis series consists of deep, somewhat excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils on broad interstream divides in the Coastal Plain. Slope ranges from 1 to 5 percent with an average slope of 4 percent. The surface thickness is more than 60 inches. Erosion hazard is slight because of relatively flat surface areas. Equipment limitations are moderate because of rutting hazards present during droughty seasons due to this soil being excessively drained. Excessive moisture loss is common during mechanical operations on this soil. This soil is moderately suited to trees, being best suited to pines. Seedling mortality is severe. If the site is prepared adequately and the competing vegetation is controlled, most seedlings survive. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service recommended management practices include prescribed burning and timber stand improvement. Avoid mechanical operations on this soil during excessive dry ground conditions. The Bleiblerville series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on uplands. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is low on slopes less than 1 percent, medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes, and high on 3 to 5 percent slopes. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. The solum thickness is more than 80 inches. When this soil is dry, cracks up to 3 inches wide on the surface extend to about 50 inches. Cracks remain open for 90 to 150 cumulative days in most years. Cycles of micro-depressions and micro-knolls are repeated each 5 to 10 feet. Texture is mainly clay but may be silty clay. Limit mechanical operations during wet ground conditions. Operating machinery may present safety concerns during droughty seasons. The Fetzer series consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in unconsolidated clayey and loamy sediments. These nearly level to sloping soils are on uplands. The soils have a perched water table near the surface for short periods during the winter and spring. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Fetzer soils are mainly on concave lower slopes and receive additional water. A temporary perched water table is present in and above an average 24 inches during winter and spring. Limit mechanical operations to dry ground conditions. The Garner series consists of deep, poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils on uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent with an average slope of 3 percent. This is gently sloping soil on the side slopes of upland plains. This soil is poorly drained. Runoff is medium. The surface layer is firm, slow to dry, and difficult manipulate. The erosion hazard is severe. This soil is moderately suited to pines or water-tolerant hardwood trees. When this clayey soil is saturated, there are severe limitations to use of equipment. Wetness, shrink-swell potential, clayey texture, and low strength are the main limitations. Low strength limitations can be overcome by strengthening or replacing the base material. The Latium series consists of very deep, well drained, very slowly permeable soils. These soils are on gently sloping to moderately steep uplands. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes, high on 3 to 5 percent slopes, and very high on slopes -5-

6 greater than 5 percent. Slope is dominantly 3 to 12 percent, but ranges from 2 to 15 percent. Solum thickness ranges from 40 to more than 60 inches. The soil is clay or silty clay throughout. This soil may have cracks which extend to more than 20 inches and are up to 2 inches wide on the surface that remain open 90 to 150 cumulative days in most years. Water enters this soil very rapidly when cracks are open, and very slowly when cracks have closed. Some areas may have micro-lows 1 to 3 feet wide and 2 to 8 inches deep, and micro-highs 10 to 16 feet wide that extend up and down slopes. The Woodville series consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils on uplands in the Coastal Plain. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent with an average slope of 3 percent. Typically, this soil has a fine sandy loam surface layer about 6 inches thick. The subsoil to a depth of 70 inches is clay. The surface crusts or puddles after heavy rains if the disturbed area contains subsoil material which is clay. Root development is restricted below the surface layer because of compaction and high clay content of the subsoil. The erosion hazard is severe. Restrictions during wet periods will help to reduce rutting hazards and keep the vegetation and soil in good condition. Over manipulation when the soil is too wet causes compaction and increases runoff. This soil is moderately suited to pine trees. Wetness and high clay content are moderate limitations mechanical operations. The high shrink-swell potential, low strength and wetness are the main limitations. When saturated, this soil does not have sufficient strength and stability to support mechanical equipment, but this limitation can be corrected by strengthening or replacing base material. Avoid these soils during wet ground conditions. If mechanical operations occur on slopes >8% revegetate immediately to reduce excessive soil loss. Compartment 37 Summary by Map Unit Montgomery County, Texas Map unit Map unit name Estimated Acres in Estimated Percentage symbol Compartment Ab Landman fine sand % BlC Betis fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes % Bo Boy fine sand % Cw Crowley fine sandy loam % Hs Bleiblerville clay % SuC Woodville fine sandy loam, 1 to percent slopes 3.4% Tk Aris loam, heavy substratum % W Water % WkC Fetzer loamy fine sand, 1 to percent slopes 38.0% WkD Fetzer loamy fine sand, 5 to percent slopes 30.9% Summary by Map Unit Walker County, Texas Map unit symbol Map unit name Estimated Acres in Compartment Estimated Percentage 9 Depcor-Huntsburg association, gently undulating 7.0% 10 Depcor-Huntsburg-Gunter association, 32.5 gently rolling 1.9% 22 Gunter association, undulating % -6-

7 Summary by Map Unit Walker County, Texas Map unit Map unit name Estimated Acres in Estimated Percentage symbol Compartment 32 Landman association, gently undulating % 34 Lufkin fine sandy loam, 0-1 percent slopes % W Water % Totals for Area of Interest 100.0% The Aris series consists of very deep, poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils. These soils are nearly level with slopes less than 1 percent. They occur on broad slightly depressed areas between relict stream meander ridges or mounds. Permeability is very slow, and runoff is low. These soils have a perched water table near the surface and some areas pond for periods of 30 days or more in most years, mainly in the winter and spring months. These soils have aquic conditions within 20 inches of the surface in most years. (These soils were formerly included in the Crowley series.) The Betis series consists of deep, somewhat excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils on broad interstream divides in the Coastal Plain. Slope ranges from 1 to 5 percent with an average slope of 4 percent. The surface thickness is more than 60 inches. Erosion hazard is slight because of relatively flat surface areas. Equipment limitations are moderate because of rutting hazards present during droughty seasons due to this soil being excessively drained. Excessive moisture loss is common during mechanical operations on this soil. This soil is moderately suited to trees, being best suited to pines. Seedling mortality is severe. If the site is prepared adequately and the competing vegetation is controlled, most seedlings survive. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service recommended management practices include prescribed burning and timber stand improvement. Avoid mechanical operations on this soil during excessive dry ground conditions. The Bleiblerville series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on uplands. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is low on slopes less than 1 percent, medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes, and high on 3 to 5 percent slopes. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. The solum thickness is more than 80 inches. When this soil is dry, cracks up to 3 inches wide on the surface extend to about 50 inches. Cracks remain open for 90 to 150 cumulative days in most years. Cycles of micro-depressions and micro-knolls are repeated each 5 to 10 feet. Texture is mainly clay but may be silty clay. Limit mechanical operations during wet ground conditions. Operating machinery may present safety concerns during droughty seasons. The Boy series consists of nearly level to gently sloping, deep, moderately well drained soils that are sandy to a depth of 40 to 60 inches. These soils are on uplands. Slopes are dominantly 0 to 5 percent but in places range up to 7 percent. Boy soils have a low available water capacity. These soils are somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is negligible on 0 to 3 percent slopes, low on 3 to 8 percent slopes. In wet seasons, these soils are saturated in and just above the Bt horizon for periods from 2 to 4 months. Limit mechanical operations to dry ground conditions. -7-

8 The Crowley series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils. These soils, on broad, nearly level coastal prairies. They are nearly level to gently sloping with slope gradients mainly 0 to 1 percent but ranging to 3 percent. Runoff is high on 0 to 1 percent slopes and very high on 1 to 3 percent slopes. Permeability is very slow. These soils are saturated above the clayey subsoil at a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from December to April in most years. Limit mechanical operations to dry ground conditions. The Depcor-Huntsburg association mapping unit is on upland interstream divides. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. Some areas of Depcor and Huntsburg soils are large enough to be mapped separately. The soils, however, are so similar in use and management that mapping them separately is not justified. The Depcor has a convex surface and is in the more sloping areas of the unit. The surface area is very friable. The Depcor soil is moderately well drained. Permeability and runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone zone is deep and can be penetrated easily. The Huntsburg soil has a plane to slightly concave surface. It is in the less sloping areas of the unit. The surface layer is very friable. It is moderately well drained. Permeability is very slow and runoff is slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is somewhat difficult to penetrate. The water table is perched. The Huntsburg soil has a clayey subsoil that shrinks and swells and has low strength. The Fetzer series consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in unconsolidated clayey and loamy sediments. These nearly level to sloping soils are on uplands. The soils have a perched water table near the surface for short periods during the winter and spring. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Fetzer soils are mainly on concave lower slopes and receive additional water. A temporary perched water table is present in and above an average 24 inches during winter and spring. Limit mechanical operations to dry ground conditions. The Gunter association are deep soils on uplands. Slopes are 1 to 8 percent. The surface layer is very friable. The Gunter soil is moderately well drained and has a low available water capacity. Permeability is rapid above the layer containing plinthite and moderately slow below. There is runoff. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The potential for pine timber is medium. Loblolly pine and slash pine are best suited. The sandy surface is a limitation. The Landman series consists of deep sandy soils on stream terraces. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. The surface layer is very friable. The soil is moderately well drained and has a low available water capacity. Permeability is rapid in the loamy fine sand and moderately slow in the sandy clay loam. There is no runoff. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is very easy to penetrate. Potential for pine is high. The sandy surface layer is a limiting factor for equipment use during droughty soil periods. -8-

9 The Lufkin series consists of deep clayey soils on stream terraces. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. This soil is somewhat poorly drained and has a medium available water capacity. Permeability is very slow, and runoff is slow. Soil condition is fair, and the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep, but generally roots are adversely affected by the wetness and the heavy clay subsoil. The potential is low for timber. Loblolly pine and short-leaf pine are best suited. It shrinks and swells with changes in moisture, it is wet during the rainy season. Wetness and the very slow permeability limit mechanical operations. The Woodville series consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils on uplands in the Coastal Plain. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent with an average slope of 3 percent. Typically, this soil has a fine sandy loam surface layer about 6 inches thick. The subsoil to a depth of 70 inches is clay. The surface crusts or puddles after heavy rains if the disturbed area contains subsoil material which is clay. Root development is restricted below the surface layer because of compaction and high clay content of the subsoil. The erosion hazard is severe. Restrictions during wet periods will help to reduce rutting hazards and keep the vegetation and soil in good condition. Over manipulation when the soil is too wet causes compaction and increases runoff. This soil is moderately suited to pine trees. Wetness and high clay content are moderate limitations mechanical operations. The high shrink-swell potential, low strength and wetness are the main limitations. When saturated, this soil does not have sufficient strength and stability to support mechanical equipment, but this limitation can be corrected by strengthening or replacing base material. Avoid these soils during wet ground conditions. If mechanical operations occur on slopes >8% revegetate immediately to reduce excessive soil loss. Compartment 49 Summary by Map Unit Walker County, Texas Map unit symbol Map unit name Estimated Acres in Compartment Estimated Percentage 2 Annona association, gently undulating Annona association, gently rolling % 9 Depcor-Huntsburg association, gently % undulating 10 Depcor-Huntsburg-Gunter association, % gently rolling 16 Ferris clay, 1 to 5 percent slopes % 22 Gunter association, undulating % 27 Kanebreak soils, frequently flooded % 38 Pits % Totals for Area of Interest 100.0% The Annona association are deep loamy soils are on erosional uplands within interstream divides. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. These soils are formed in stratified clayey and loamy sediments. These soils are somewhat poorly drained and have a high available water capacity. Permeability is very slow, and runoff is slow. Soil condition is only fair, and -9-

10 the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is very difficult to penetrate. It has medium potential for timber and is well suited to loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, and slash pine. These soils shrink and swell as a result of wetting and drying. The Depcor-Huntsburg association mapping unit is on upland interstream divides. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. Some areas of Depcor and Huntsburg soils are large enough to be mapped separately. The soils, however, are so similar in use and management that mapping them separately is not justified. The Depcor has a convex surface and is in the more sloping areas of the unit. The surface area is very friable. The Depcor soil is moderately well drained. Permeability and runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone zone is deep and can be penetrated easily. The Huntsburg soil has a plane to slightly concave surface. It is in the less sloping areas of the unit. The surface layer is very friable. It is moderately well drained. Permeability is very slow and runoff is slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is somewhat difficult to penetrate. The water table is perched. The Huntsburg soil has a clayey subsoil that shrinks and swells and has low strength. The Ferris series consists of deep clayey upland soils. Slopes are 1 to 8 percent. Cracks extend to more than 20 inches in depth. The surface layer is firm. Runoff is rapid. Permeability is rapid when the soil is dry and cracked but is very slow when the soil is wet. Soil condition is poor, and the soil can be worked within only a limited range of moisture content. Low fertility, severe sheet and gully erosion, and slope make management difficult. The clay subsoil shrinks and swells with changes in moisture content. The clay texture, slow water movement, and many deep gullies restrict management. The Gunter association are deep soils on uplands. Slopes are 1 to 8 percent. The surface layer is very friable. The Gunter soil is moderately well drained and has a low available water capacity. Permeability is rapid above the layer containing plinthite and moderately slow below. There is runoff. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The potential for pine timber is medium. Loblolly pine and slash pine are best suited. The sandy surface is a limitation. The Kanebreak series consists of loamy soils on flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. These soils are frequently flooded. They are inundated about twice a year for periods of 2 to 7 days. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. The texture of the surface layer varies from fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The soils are not uniform and do not occur in a regular pattern. These soils are somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, but the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is easily penetrated. The series is flooded so frequently that mechanical operations should be avoided in these areas. Compartment

11 Summary by Map Unit Walker County, Texas Map unit symbol Map unit name Estimated Acres in Compartment Estimated Percentage 2 Annona association, gently undulating % 3 Annona association, gently rolling % 9 Depcor-Huntsburg association, gently % undulating 10 Depcor-Huntsburg-Gunter association, 1, % gently rolling 16 Ferris clay, 1 to 5 percent slopes % 22 Gunter association, undulating % 27 Kanebreak soils, frequently flooded % 32 Landman association, gently undulating % 33 Leson clay, 0 to 3 percent slopes % 37 Nugent soils, frequently flooded % 38 Pits % W Water % Totals for Area of Interest 100.0% The Annona association are deep loamy soils are on erosional uplands within interstream divides. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. These soils are formed in stratified clayey and loamy sediments. These soils are somewhat poorly drained and have a high available water capacity. Permeability is very slow, and runoff is slow. Soil condition is only fair, and the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is very difficult to penetrate. It has medium potential for timber and is well suited to loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, and slash pine. These soils shrink and swell as a result of wetting and drying. The Depcor-Huntsburg association mapping unit is on upland interstream divides. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. Some areas of Depcor and Huntsburg soils are large enough to be mapped separately. The soils, however, are so similar in use and management that mapping them separately is not justified. The Depcor has a convex surface and is in the more sloping areas of the unit. The surface area is very friable. The Depcor soil is moderately well drained. Permeability and runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and can be penetrated easily. The Huntsburg soil has a plane to slightly concave surface. It is in the less sloping areas of the unit. The surface layer is very friable. It is moderately well drained. Permeability is very slow and runoff is slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is somewhat difficult to penetrate. The water table is perched. The Huntsburg soil has a clayey subsoil that shrinks and swells and has low strength. The Ferris series consists of deep clayey upland soils. Slopes are 1 to 8 percent. Cracks extend to more than 20 inches in depth. The surface layer is firm. Runoff is rapid. Permeability is rapid when the soil is dry and cracked but is very slow when the soil is wet. Soil condition is poor, and the soil can be worked within only a limited range of moisture content. Low fertility, severe sheet and gully erosion, and slope make management difficult. The clay subsoil shrinks and swells with changes in moisture -11-

12 content. The clay texture, slow water movement, and many deep gullies restrict management. The Gunter association are deep soils on uplands. Slopes are 1 to 8 percent. The surface layer is very friable. The Gunter soil is moderately well drained and has a low available water capacity. Permeability is rapid above the layer containing plinthite and moderately slow below. There is runoff. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The potential for pine timber is medium. Loblolly pine and slash pine are best suited. The sandy surface is a limitation. The Kanebreak series consists of loamy soils on flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. These soils are frequently flooded. They are inundated about twice a year for periods of 2 to 7 days. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. The texture of the surface layer varies from fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The soils are not uniform and do not occur in a regular pattern. These soils are somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, but the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is easily penetrated. The series is flooded so frequently that mechanical operations should be avoided in these areas. The Landman series consists of deep sandy soils on stream terraces. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. The surface layer is very friable. The soil is moderately well drained and has a low available water capacity. Permeability is rapid in the loamy fine sand and moderately slow in the sandy clay loam. There is no runoff. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is very easy to penetrate. Potential for pine is high. The sandy surface layer is a limiting factor for equipment use during droughty soil periods. The Leson series consists of deep clayey upland soils. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. When dry the soil has crack 0.4 to 4 inches wide at a depth of 20 inches. The soil is clayey throughout. Cycles of micro-depressions and micro-knolls are repeated at an average of about every 20 feet. The surface layer is firm. This soil is moderately well drained and has a medium available water capacity. Runoff is medium. Permeability is rapid when the soil is dry and cracked and is very slow when the soil is wet. Soil condition is fair, and the soil can be worked within only a very limited range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is somewhat difficult to penetrate. The clay texture and the very slow permeability restrict mechanical use during wet ground conditions. The Nugent series consists of deep sandy soils on flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. These soils are natural levees adjacent to stream channels. They are inundated two or three times each year for periods of about 3 days to 3 weeks. Nugent soils have a variable surface layer ranging in texture from loamy sand to loamy fine sand. They are not uniform and do not occur in a regular pattern. These soils are excessively drained and have a low available water capacity. Permeability is moderately rapid, and runoff is slow. The soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is very easy to penetrate. Avoid mechanical activities on these soils which are often associated with SMZs. -12-

13 Compartment 66 Summary by Map Unit Walker County, Texas Map unit Map unit name Estimated Acres in Estimated Percentage symbol Compartment 2 Annona association, gently undulating 2, % 3 Annona association, gently rolling % 9 Depcor-Huntsburg association, gently 3, % undulating 10 Depcor-Huntsburg-Gunter association, % gently rolling 16 Ferris clay, 1 to 5 percent slopes % 21 Gowker soils, frequently flooded % 22 Gunter association, undulating % 23 Houston Black clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes % 27 Kanebreak soils, frequently flooded % 32 Landman association, gently undulating % 34 Lufkin fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent % slopes 39 Redco clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes % W Water % Totals for Area of Interest 100.0% The Annona association are deep loamy soils are on erosional uplands within interstream divides. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. These soils are formed in stratified clayey and loamy sediments. These soils are somewhat poorly drained and have a high available water capacity. Permeability is very slow, and runoff is slow. Soil condition is only fair, and the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is very difficult to penetrate. It has medium potential for timber and is well suited to loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, and slash pine. These soils shrink and swell as a result of wetting and drying. The Depcor-Huntsburg association mapping unit is on upland interstream divides. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. Some areas of Depcor and Huntsburg soils are large enough to be mapped separately. The soils, however, are so similar in use and management that mapping them separately is not justified. The Depcor has a convex surface and is in the more sloping areas of the unit. The surface area is very friable. The Depcor soil is moderately well drained. Permeability and runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone zone is deep and can be penetrated easily. The Huntsburg soil has a plane to slightly concave surface. It is in the less sloping areas of the unit. The surface layer is very friable. It is moderately well drained. Permeability is very slow and runoff is slow. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is somewhat difficult to penetrate. The water table is perched. The Huntsburg soil has a clayey subsoil that shrinks and swells and has low strength. The Ferris series consists of deep clayey upland soils. Slopes are 1 to 8 percent. Cracks extend to more than 20 inches in depth. The surface layer is firm. Runoff is rapid. Permeability is rapid when the soil is dry and cracked but is very slow when the soil is -13-

14 wet. Soil condition is poor, and the soil can be worked within only a limited range of moisture content. Low fertility, severe sheet and gully erosion, and slope make management difficult. The clay subsoil shrinks and swells with changes in moisture content. The clay texture, slow water movement, and many deep gullies restrict management. The Gowker series consists of deep clayey soils on flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. This nearly level map unit is on flood plains. It is inundated about twice a year for periods up to 7 days. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. The surface is firm. It is moderately well drained and has a high available water capacity. Permeability and runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, but the soil can be worked within only a limited range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is easily penetrated. Frequent flooding and wetness are major limitations. Avoid these soils when associated with SMZs. The Gunter association are deep soils on uplands. Slopes are 1 to 8 percent. The surface layer is very friable. The Gunter soil is moderately well drained and has a low available water capacity. Permeability is rapid above the layer containing plinthite and moderately slow below. There is runoff. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The potential for pine timber is medium. Loblolly pine and slash pine are best suited. The sandy surface is a limitation. The Houston Black series consists of deep clayey upland soils. Slopes are 1 to 3 percent. Cycles of micro-depressions and micro-knolls are repeated each 12 to 19 feet. The surface is very firm. The Houston Black clay is moderately well drained. Runoff is medium. Permeability is rapid when the soil is dry and cracked and is very slow when it is wet. Soil condition is good, but the soil can only withstand mechanical operations within a limited range of moisture content. The root zone is deep but is somewhat difficult to penetrate. This soil shrinks and swells with changes in moisture content. The Kanebreak series consists of loamy soils on flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. These soils are frequently flooded. They are inundated about twice a year for periods of 2 to 7 days. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. The texture of the surface layer varies from fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The soils are not uniform and do not occur in a regular pattern. These soils are somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff are slow. Soil condition is good, but the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is easily penetrated. The series is flooded so frequently that mechanical operations should be avoided in these areas. The Landman series consists of deep sandy soils on stream terraces. Slopes are 1 to 5 percent. The surface layer is very friable. The soil is moderately well drained and has a low available water capacity. Permeability is rapid in the loamy fine sand and moderately slow in the sandy clay loam. There is no runoff. Soil condition is good, and the soil can be worked throughout a wide range of moisture content. The root zone is deep and is very easy to penetrate. Potential for pine is high. The sandy surface layer is a limiting factor for equipment use during droughty soil periods. -14-

15 The Lufkin series consists of deep clayey soils on stream terraces. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. This soil is somewhat poorly drained and has a medium available water capacity. Permeability is very slow, and runoff is slow. Soil condition is fair, and the soil can be worked within only a moderate range of moisture content. The root zone is deep, but generally roots are adversely affected by the wetness and the heavy clay subsoil. The potential is low for timber. Loblolly pine and short-leaf pine are best suited. It shrinks and swells with changes in moisture, it is wet during the rainy season. Wetness and the very slow permeability limit mechanical operations. The Redco series consists of deep clayey upland soils. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Undisturbed areas have micro-knolls 4 to 10 feet or more in diameter and 2 to 10 inches higher than the micro-depressions. The surface layer is firm. This soil is poorly drained. Soil condition is poor, and the soil can be worked within only a very limited range of moisture content. The Redco series shrinks and swells and has low strength. Mitigation and Monitoring Soil Productivity and Water Quality The following mitigation measures shall be implemented to ensure sustained soil productivity and water quality: 1. Install temporary structures (e.g., silt fences, hay bales, etc.) to control surface runoff and erosion, and reduce flood potential. 2. Limit activities during long periods of soil saturation to avoid excessive rutting (ruts deeper than 6 ) and compaction [MA-4-103(a)] on soils with a poorly suited rating for mechanical site preparation. These soils are not likely suited to log landings during wet ground conditions or when associated with a Streamside Management Zone (MA-4). 3. Avoid soils with a poorly suited rating for mechanical site preparation when they are associated with a MA Restrict activities in MA-4, Streamside Management Zones that could cause stream degradation or excessive soil erosion. 5. Avoid excessive slopes (slopes >8%) to minimize soil erosion. 6. Limit activities to designated crossings to prevent stream degradation. Temporary crossings should be removed immediately and the site promptly restored. 7. Minimize the number of stream crossings. 8. Logging debris in streams should be removed immediately. 9. Construct appropriate structures for protection of banks and channels of all streams. 10. Stream channels should not be used as skid trails. 11. Exposed soils should be re-vegetated immediately. Conclusion The proposed actions will serve to reduce fuel loading and safety hazards. Following the above mitigations will limit adverse effects to soil productivity and water quality. -15-

16 Continual monitoring by visual inspections will ensure site-specific mitigations are followed as outlined. It will also minimize the occurrence of increased erosion or sedimentation. Periodically the Watershed staff will do random ground-truthing inspections to ensure that The Plan and Texas Best Management Practices are followed. Direct questions and assistance requests to Cherie Edwards, Soil Scientist, at If unavailable contact Chalonda Jasper, Soil Scientist Trainee, at -16-

2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam

2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape position is one aspect of evaluating the surface features of a certain tract of land. Identifying the correct landscape position will indicate: a. If the

More information

Iowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008

Iowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008 Iowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008 1. In Iowa, corn suitability ratings for soil mapping units specifies a. natural weather conditions b. surface and subsurface drainage installed where needed

More information

IOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA

IOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA IOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA 1. Moderately sloping has what percent slope: a. 9-14% b. 2-5% c. 5-9% d. over 14% 2. Which of the following horizons is the loose underlying

More information

2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks.

2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks. 2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks. Which landscape position is considered the floodplain

More information

2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY

2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY 2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY Questions 1-6 to be answered at the soil pit: 1. Soil scientists categorize soils by drainage classes. What is the drainage class of the soil at

More information

Horner-McLaughlin Woods: Soil Types

Horner-McLaughlin Woods: Soil Types Horner-McLaughlin Woods: Soil Types Not present at HMW Adrian Muck Conover Loam 0-4% Slopes Houghton Muck Miami Loam 2-6% Slopes Miami Loam 6-12% Slopes Miami Loam 12-18% Slopes t 0 0.125 0.25 Miles Mary

More information

DO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11)

DO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11) DO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11) Circle all the correct answers. 1. What is the layer normally present on the surface of the soil in cropped fields? a. O c. Ap e. B g. R b. A d. E f. C 2. Available

More information

Examining soils in the field. Examining soils in the field. Environment Agency thinksoils examining soils in the field

Examining soils in the field. Examining soils in the field. Environment Agency thinksoils examining soils in the field Examining soils in the field thinksoils Examining soils in the field Environment Agency thinksoils examining soils in the field 31 Examining soils in the field 32 Environment Agency thinksoils examining

More information

Lesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops

Lesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops Lesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops 1 Mineral matter Organic matter Pore spaces Tilth Hygroscopic water Soil aeration 22 I. Soil is a layer

More information

URBAN SOILS & SEATTLE EXAMPLES

URBAN SOILS & SEATTLE EXAMPLES Class Results - Mystery Soil #1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Loam Silty Loam Class Results - Mystery Soil #2 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Silty Clay Clay Loam Sandy Sandy Silty Sandy Silty Loamy Loam Clay

More information

2016 Iowa FFA Soils Evaluation CDE Exam

2016 Iowa FFA Soils Evaluation CDE Exam 2016 Iowa FFA Soils Evaluation CDE Exam 1. Which of the following is true regarding soil horizons? a. A horizon is darker in color and has more organic matter b. B horizon is darker in color and has more

More information

2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY

2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY 2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY 1. The majority of the bedrock in Muskingum County is. a. sedimentary bedrock b. glacial bedrock c. igneous bedrock d. metamorphic bedrock

More information

Loam: About 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay. Mixture of pore sizes to balance water retention and aeration. Considered the best soil for growing crops.

Loam: About 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay. Mixture of pore sizes to balance water retention and aeration. Considered the best soil for growing crops. Soil Characteristics Soil is formed from a combination of two Primary sources: Weathering of Parent Rock ( ) = material introduced by plants, animals, and decomposers Minor sources: Nutrients incorporated

More information

Team number Page 1 of Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test. Soils and Climate Change

Team number Page 1 of Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test. Soils and Climate Change Team number Page 1 of 9 2006 Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test Soils and Climate Change There are many kinds of soil on the surface of the earth. The kind of soil that is present at a given location

More information

SOIL DATA: Avondale. in Allen, TX. This information was taken from NRCS web soil survey of Collin County, Texas.

SOIL DATA: Avondale. in Allen, TX. This information was taken from NRCS web soil survey of Collin County, Texas. SOIL DATA: Avondale in Allen, TX This information was taken from NRCS web soil survey of Collin County, Texas. United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with Texas

More information

Section 1. Judging the soil pit (questions 1-4)

Section 1. Judging the soil pit (questions 1-4) CONNECTICUT ENVIROTHON 2009 SOILS QUESTIONS Please select the best response to the following questions. There are 25 questions; each question is worth 4 points. Section 1. Judging the soil pit (questions

More information

Land Capability Classifications

Land Capability Classifications Land Capability Classifications Unit: Soil Science Problem Area: Basic Principles of Soil Science Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following

More information

Soil types of lake county

Soil types of lake county Soil types of lake county Ad Adrian muck This deep, level, very poorly drained organic soil is in depressional areas on the lake plain. It is subject to frequent flooding. Slope is generally less than

More information

The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag.

The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag. Chapter 6 & 7 The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag. Climate Soil Forming Factors Parent material Organisms Topography Time Value of Soil Soil is under appreciated Condition of soil affects

More information

Soil Notes. General Soil Information

Soil Notes. General Soil Information Soil Notes General Soil Information Definition Soil relatively thin surface layer of the Earth s crust consisting of mineral and organic matter that is affected by agents such as weather, wind, water,

More information

Alluvium Bedrock Chemical Weathering Climate Glacial Till Loess Native Vegetation

Alluvium Bedrock Chemical Weathering Climate Glacial Till Loess Native Vegetation 1 Alluvium Bedrock Chemical Weathering Climate Glacial Till Loess Native Vegetation Organic Matter Outwash Parent Material Physical Weathering Prairie Soils Timber Soils Topography 2 There are five primary

More information

If you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP

If you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP Notebook Collection Collecting hard copies now OR Electronic versions using Catalyst drop box Due by 5:30 pm today Use website for link If you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP URBAN

More information

Unit II Soil Management

Unit II Soil Management Unit II Soil Management Lesson 2: Using Soil Survey Manuals Soil survey manuals provide useful information for grassland management. Soil scientists evaluate the soil for chemical and physical properties,

More information

2017 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam

2017 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 2017 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions vary in soil composition and makeup. What landscape position would be characterized by having strata and lenses of different textures in the profile:

More information

Appendix E Soils Information

Appendix E Soils Information Appendix E Soils Information Soil Information: Dinkey Project The following soil information is developed from project level data published in the Polk County, Tennessee Soil Survey (NRCS, 2003). The Soil

More information

Pits 1 & 3 Questions. 7. Subsurface: Texture (5 pts) A. Coarse B. Moderately course C. Medium D. Fine E. Very Fine

Pits 1 & 3 Questions. 7. Subsurface: Texture (5 pts) A. Coarse B. Moderately course C. Medium D. Fine E. Very Fine Minnesota Soils Scorecard Questions for Pits 1-4 Scantron # 105481 Use your soils scorecard to fill out the answers on your scantron Bubble in the front side of the sheet for Pit 1 (# 1-45) and Pit 2 (#51-95)

More information

1. Position (2 pts.) 2. Parent Material (2 pts.) 3. Slope Characteristics (2 pts.) 4. Surface Stoniness or Rockiness (2 pts.)

1. Position (2 pts.) 2. Parent Material (2 pts.) 3. Slope Characteristics (2 pts.) 4. Surface Stoniness or Rockiness (2 pts.) Maryland Envirothon SOILS Exam Guidance Information (revised 2017) Objective: To test students' knowledge and awareness of basic soil science and its application in wise land-use planning and therefore

More information

Custom Soil Resource Report for Walker County, Texas

Custom Soil Resource Report for Walker County, Texas United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other

More information

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No Waiau

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No Waiau This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and

More information

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching Unit B: Establishing a Fruit Garden Lesson 1: Recognize the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result

More information

Soil Horizons cont. Oa- highly decomposed Oi-undecomposed

Soil Horizons cont. Oa- highly decomposed Oi-undecomposed Soils Soil Basics Soil Horizons Soil Horizons cont. O Horizon: Or organic layer Organic layer of decomposing plant and animal tissue. Wooded upland areas have thin O horizons Wetlands may have thick O

More information

2011 Wisconsin Envirothon Soils and Land Use Exam

2011 Wisconsin Envirothon Soils and Land Use Exam 2011 Wisconsin Envirothon Soils and Land Use Exam USE THE OCONTO COUNTY SOIL SURVEY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-4 The Pensaukee River Wetland Complex is a mixture of state (Pensaukee Wildlife Area) and privately

More information

LANDPKS TEACHING MANUAL

LANDPKS TEACHING MANUAL LANDPKS TEACHING MANUAL IMPLICATIONS FOR LAND DEGRADATION and RESTORATION FOR THE LandPKS LandInfo MODULE Contents: A description of LandPKS application indicators Indicators and how they impact land degradation

More information

List of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities:

List of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities: Unit A: Principles of Soil Lesson 4: Formation of Soil Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in the students achieving the following objectives: 1. Identify 5 factors involved

More information

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 8. Sobig

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 8. Sobig This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and

More information

Homework Activity Jar Test for Soil Texture

Homework Activity Jar Test for Soil Texture Homework Activity Jar Test for Soil Texture Background: 1. What is soil? 2. What natural factors influence the formation of soil? 3. How will the depth of each horizon in your soil profile affect your

More information

Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management

Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Section C Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Soil characteristics vary across the landscape Soils vary from one field to another, and often within the same field. Soil differences

More information

0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine. Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa Pine Cohasset-Ponderosa Pine

0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine. Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa Pine Cohasset-Ponderosa Pine 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 Argent: R 2 = 0.50 Shoot Weight (g) 1.20 1.00 0.80 Clarksville:R 2 = 0.79 0.60 Dome: R 2 = 0.82 0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine Cohasset: R 2 = 0.64 Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa

More information

1 Describe the concept of soil texture and its importance. 2 Determine the texture of a soil sample.

1 Describe the concept of soil texture and its importance. 2 Determine the texture of a soil sample. Interest Approach Provide students with various samples of soil. One sample should be nearly all sand, one nearly all clay, and one nearly all silt. Ask students to determine how the samples differ. Would

More information

THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS

THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS Dr. Jack May, Professor School of Forestry University of Georgia Forest tree nurseries are located on a variety of soils ranging in texture from sand to silt loam in the

More information

Using Land Capability Classifications

Using Land Capability Classifications Lesson C7 2 Using Land Capability Classifications Unit C. Plant and Soil Science Problem Area 7. Soil Erosion and Land Management Lesson 2. Using Land Capability Classifications New Mexico Content Standard:

More information

EXAMPLE Point A: Sandy Loam: 65% Sand _ 20% Silt _ 15% Clay. Point B: %Sand % Silt % Clay. Point C: %Sand % Silt % Clay. Point D: %Sand % Silt % Clay

EXAMPLE Point A: Sandy Loam: 65% Sand _ 20% Silt _ 15% Clay. Point B: %Sand % Silt % Clay. Point C: %Sand % Silt % Clay. Point D: %Sand % Silt % Clay SOIL TEXTURE Refers to proportions of sand, silt and clay size particles. These proportions determine water infiltration rates, permeability rates, and water holding rates. Using a soil texture triangle.

More information

Area 3 Envirothon Soils Questions Key

Area 3 Envirothon Soils Questions Key Area 3 Envirothon Soils Questions Key 1. Soil aeration is the exchange of air in soil with air from the atmosphere. When a soil is well aerated, the air within the soil is very similar to the atmosphere

More information

Understanding Soils. 1. What is Soil? 2. What does soil do for us?

Understanding Soils. 1. What is Soil? 2. What does soil do for us? Understanding Soils 1. What is Soil? Soil: (i) The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. (ii) The

More information

CONNECTICUT ENVIROTHON 2012 SOILS QUESTIONS

CONNECTICUT ENVIROTHON 2012 SOILS QUESTIONS CONNECTICUT ENVIROTHON 2012 SOILS QUESTIONS Please select the best response to the following questions. There are 25 4 point questions. Many have more than one part. Good luck! Section 1: Judging the soil

More information

HORT 102: Soil Properties. Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15. [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide

HORT 102: Soil Properties. Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15. [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide HORT 102: Soil Properties Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15 [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide Title: Lecture 15 Soil Properties Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig,

More information

RAIN GARDEN ILLINOIS URBAN MANUAL PRACTICE STANDARD. (feet) CODE 897 DEFINITION

RAIN GARDEN ILLINOIS URBAN MANUAL PRACTICE STANDARD. (feet) CODE 897 DEFINITION ILLINOIS URBAN MANUAL PRACTICE STANDARD RAIN GARDEN (feet) CODE 897 Source: Kendall County Soil and Water Conservation District DEFINITION Rain gardens are small, shallow, flat bottomed depressions constructed

More information

Butte Mtn. Late Successional Reserve Habitat Restoration Project Soil Report

Butte Mtn. Late Successional Reserve Habitat Restoration Project Soil Report KLAMATH NATIONAL FOREST Butte Mtn. Late Successional Reserve Habitat Restoration Project Soil Report GOOSENEST RANGER DISTRICT JOE BLANCHARD 4/23/2013 Prepared by Joe Blanchard Forest Soil Scientist Klamath

More information

During the field surveys, several species of wading birds and ducks were observed using permanently ponded areas.

During the field surveys, several species of wading birds and ducks were observed using permanently ponded areas. Preliminary Engineering / Environmental Impact Statement Northwest Corridor LRT Line to Irving and DFW Airport During the field surveys, several species of wading birds and ducks were observed using permanently

More information

CHAPTER 4. SPECIAL CONDITION EROSION CONTROL MEASURES

CHAPTER 4. SPECIAL CONDITION EROSION CONTROL MEASURES CHAPTER 4. SPECIAL CONDITION EROSION CONTROL MEASURES 4.1 INFILTRATION BASIN AND TRENCH Figure 4.1. Infiltration basin and trench (Source: Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering,

More information

Soil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting

Soil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting Soil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting Soil aggregates Soil aggregates are clumps of soil particles that are held together by moist clay, organic matter (such as roots), by organic

More information

CHECKLIST BMPs for FIELD NURSERIES REGULATIONS, SITE SELECTION, WATER MANAGEMENT

CHECKLIST BMPs for FIELD NURSERIES REGULATIONS, SITE SELECTION, WATER MANAGEMENT CHECKLIST BMPs for FIELD NURSERIES REGULATIONS, SITE SELECTION, WATER MANAGEMENT Regulations For information on the Wetlands Protection Act or the Water Management Act, contact the Massachusetts Department

More information

EDULABZ. Ans. (b) 7. The soft, porous layer with a good water-retaining capacity forms the

EDULABZ. Ans. (b) 7. The soft, porous layer with a good water-retaining capacity forms the 3 SOIL I. Multiple choice questions: Tick ( ) the correct choice. 1. The process of soil formation is called (a) conservation (b) weathering (c) erosion (d) none Ans. (b) 2. Soil profile consists of (a)

More information

CB1 Moderately undulating landscape with slight gilgai (few inches) formation: broad ridge tops and upper slopes of moderately shallow grey cracking

CB1 Moderately undulating landscape with slight gilgai (few inches) formation: broad ridge tops and upper slopes of moderately shallow grey cracking CB1 Moderately undulating landscape with slight gilgai (few inches) formation: broad ridge tops and upper slopes of moderately shallow grey cracking clays (Ug5.22 and Ug5.23). Associated are: (i) some

More information

The relationship between soil (growing

The relationship between soil (growing 4 Plant, Soil and Water Relationships The relationship between soil (growing media), air, and water is one of the least understood aspects in production and maintenance of plants. As a result, a significant

More information

STATE TAX COMMISSION OF MISSOURI ASSESSOR MANUAL

STATE TAX COMMISSION OF MISSOURI ASSESSOR MANUAL STATE TAX COMMISSION OF MISSOURI ASSESSOR MANUAL CHAPTER: REVISION DATE: 10/1/2008 Page 1 of 18 7.3 The purpose of this section of the Assessor s Manual is to supplement the State Tax Commission s published

More information

Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing?

Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing? Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing? Soil Quality Test Kit Clarence Chavez Soil Scientist The USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Soils are not machines: It s an

More information

Raingardens. Conserving and Protecting Water L

Raingardens. Conserving and Protecting Water L L-5482 08-08 Raingardens Justin Mechell, Extension Assistant, and Bruce Lesikar, Extension Program Leader for Biological and Agricultural Engineering,The Texas A&M University System A raingarden is an

More information

Soil Water Relationships

Soil Water Relationships Soil Water Relationships Dr. Aimee Taylor Soil Particles Particle Sand Silt Clay Size in mm < 2mm 0.05 mm 0.05-0.002 mm

More information

Urban Soils Career Development Event

Urban Soils Career Development Event Urban Soils Career Development Event Effective August 1, 2014 Important Note: Please thoroughly read the Introduction and General Rules Section at the beginning of this handbook for complete rules and

More information

3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3.1 Introduction Physical properties are those which deal with aspects of the material that are related to the bulk properties of the material. In other words, if chemical properties

More information

This definition is from the Soil Science Glossary (Soil Science Society of America).

This definition is from the Soil Science Glossary (Soil Science Society of America). What is Soil? This definition is from the Soil Science Glossary (Soil Science Society of America). soil - (i) The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves

More information

Soils and the Environment. A Summary of RI Envirothon Study Materials Compiled by Sally Paul

Soils and the Environment. A Summary of RI Envirothon Study Materials Compiled by Sally Paul Soils and the Environment A Summary of RI Envirothon Study Materials Compiled by Sally Paul Why Soils Food and water resources Disposing of waste Support for human structures Growing timber and fibers

More information

Wisconsin Contractors Institute Continuing Education

Wisconsin Contractors Institute Continuing Education Wisconsin Contractors Institute Continuing Education Erosion & Sediment Control Course # 12775 2 hours Wisconsin Contractors Institute N27 W23953 Paul Road, Suite 203 Pewaukee, WI 53072 Website: www.wicontractorsinstitute.com

More information

SITE TOPSOIL & FINISH GRADING

SITE TOPSOIL & FINISH GRADING CITY OF BRAMPTON LANDSCAPE SPECIFICATIONS SECTION 02911-1 PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 Related Work.1 Section 02311 Site Grading.2 Section 02315 Excavating, Trenching, & Backfilling.3 Section 02906 Planting of Trees,

More information

4.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT PROCESS. 4.1 Mechanics of Erosion

4.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT PROCESS. 4.1 Mechanics of Erosion 4.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT PROCESS 4.1 Mechanics of Erosion SECTION 4 - EROSION AND SEDIMENT PROCESS Erosion is the wearing away of material by naturally occurring agents through the detachment and transport

More information

Factoids on SC soils. Soils. What is Soil? Variability of soils in your yard. Soil Components. Soil Tilth 6/23/14

Factoids on SC soils. Soils. What is Soil? Variability of soils in your yard. Soil Components. Soil Tilth 6/23/14 Factoids on SC soils Soils Managing Soils Over 100 different soil types Soil type covering largest areas 7.0% Ben Lomond Complex 50-70% slope 5.6% Lompoc Felton Complex 50-75% slope 5.8% Lompoc Felton

More information

THE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN

THE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN THE BACKYARD SERIES BACKYARD VEGETABLES W 346-A THE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN SITE SELECTION AND SOIL TESTING Natalie Bumgarner, Assistant Professor and UT Extension Residential and Consumer Horticulture

More information

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 11. Pukemutu

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 11. Pukemutu This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and

More information

Tilth: Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management. Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management

Tilth: Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management. Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management Sonoma County Vineyard Technical Group May 18, 2017 Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management Paul R. Anamosa, Ph.D. Viticultural Soil Scientist www.vineyardsoil.com

More information

Stormwater and Your Rain Garden

Stormwater and Your Rain Garden Stormwater and Your Rain Garden When rain falls on natural areas, such as a forest or meadow, it is slowed down, filtered by soil and plants, and allowed to soak back into the ground. When rain falls on

More information

*2301001* Pit #1 ontestant #1 Team #1 alifornia DE - Soil and Land Evaluation Group: 1 ontestant: 1 SURFE SOIL (Fill in ONE bubble for each item). D 1. OLOR (5) 2. TEXTURE (5) 3. GRVEL ND ROK (3) 4. THIKNESS

More information

Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop

Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop Presented by Richard Brooks Presentation prepared by Kristin May Resource Soil Scientists USDA-Natural Resources Conservation

More information

ENVIROTHON SOILS GUIDE. based on a team problem-solving concept. For this reason, some questions may require

ENVIROTHON SOILS GUIDE. based on a team problem-solving concept. For this reason, some questions may require 1 ENVIROTHON SOILS GUIDE This guide contains the information that teachers and students need to compete in the soils portion of the Tennessee Envirothon. Answers to contest questions will come directly

More information

3. The study of how living organisms, such as deer, exist in their natural environment is: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AN51.EN16.01 RBT:

3. The study of how living organisms, such as deer, exist in their natural environment is: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AN51.EN16.01 RBT: Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Granville Assessment: 9_12 Agriculture AN51 - Env and Ntrl Res I Test 1 Description: Elements Review Part 3 Form: 501 1. The natural replacement of pine trees by

More information

City of Stoughton Erosion Control Permit Application (effective 2/6/2018)

City of Stoughton Erosion Control Permit Application (effective 2/6/2018) City of Stoughton Erosion Control Permit Application (effective 2/6/2018) Incomplete applications will not be accepted Project Name: Address of subject property: Landowner Name(s): Applicant Name: Landowner

More information

Urban Conservation Practice Physical Effects ESTABLISHMENT, GROWTH, AND HARVEST NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Urban Conservation Practice Physical Effects ESTABLISHMENT, GROWTH, AND HARVEST NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT NOT WELL 800 - Urban Stormwater Wetlands A constructed system of shallow pools that create growing conditions for wetland plants to lessen the impacts of stormwater quality and quantity in urban areas.

More information

PERMANENT SEEDING. Overview of Sedimentation and Erosion Control Practices. Practice no. 6.11

PERMANENT SEEDING. Overview of Sedimentation and Erosion Control Practices. Practice no. 6.11 Overview of Sedimentation and Erosion Control Practices Practice no. 6.11 PERMANENT SEEDING Permanent vegetation controls erosion by physically protecting a bare soil surface from raindrop impact, flowing

More information

For Sale at $290,000.00

For Sale at $290,000.00 We are pleased to present Stearns Property 77± Acres Forest Township, Rice County For Sale at $290,000.00 Listing Agent: Charles Wingert Office: 507-345-LAND (5263) Toll Free: 800-730-LAND (5263) Direct:

More information

LAND JUDGING AND SOIL EVALUATION

LAND JUDGING AND SOIL EVALUATION LAND JUDGING AND SOIL EVALUATION June 1998 W. J. Edmonds, P. J. Thomas, T. W. Simpson, and J. C. Baker Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences

More information

2014 Envirothon Georgia Soil Study Guide

2014 Envirothon Georgia Soil Study Guide 2014 Envirothon Georgia Soil Study Guide In addition to materials in this document, 2014 Georgia Envirothon contestants are responsible for materials found in the following documents: From The Surface

More information

Soil Texture = %Sand, Silt & Clay in a soil.

Soil Texture = %Sand, Silt & Clay in a soil. Soils Soil Texture = %Sand, Silt & Clay in a soil. Soil texture is the single most important physical property of the soil. Knowing the soil texture alone will provide information about: 1) water flow

More information

Instructions on Land Judging in Mississippi

Instructions on Land Judging in Mississippi Instructions on Land Judging in Mississippi Soil is the basic natural resource used by humans to meet the needs of life. It is the extremely thin but precious skin covering the geologic portion of the

More information

4H HPS 101 Land Judging In Oklahoma

4H HPS 101 Land Judging In Oklahoma 4H HPS 101 Land Judging In Oklahoma Extension 4-H MEMBER S GUIDE Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Oklahoma State University 1 Table of Contents

More information

Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture

Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture FAB-465 Lecture 11 Lecture Outline Soil Formation Soil Structure/Texture Indicators of Soil Health or Fertility Soil Conservation Practices 1 Soil

More information

Low Impact Development for your homes, businesses & streets

Low Impact Development for your homes, businesses & streets Low Impact Development for your homes, businesses & streets What s the problem anyways? - Development Impacts the Water Cycle In the past, our main pollution concern was Point Source Pollution Our current

More information

DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity

DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity Name: Part I: Soil Texture DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity Can one determine the texture of soil by examining the particles found in a particular sample? The purpose of this activity is to determine the

More information

Soil Survey of San Luis Obispo County, California Paso Robles Area

Soil Survey of San Luis Obispo County, California Paso Robles Area United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service In cooperation with University of California Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Survey of San Luis Obispo County, California Paso Robles

More information

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 76. Mossburn

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 76. Mossburn This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and

More information

Sandy Soils. Sand. Silt. Sandy soils. Silty soils. Wind blown and alluvial parent materials. Low water holding capacity

Sandy Soils. Sand. Silt. Sandy soils. Silty soils. Wind blown and alluvial parent materials. Low water holding capacity Sand Large particles you can see Large spaces between particles Rapid water flow Non cohesive Small surface area Low water holding capacity Susceptible to drought Small surface area Low CEC Infertile Easily

More information

Soils and Water in Your Landscape. Mary Hattendorf Northern Water Spring Fair 2016

Soils and Water in Your Landscape. Mary Hattendorf Northern Water Spring Fair 2016 Soils and Water in Your Landscape Mary Hattendorf Northern Water Spring Fair 2016 What is Soil? Hint: It s not dirt Soils are complex mixtures minerals, water, air, organic matter, and countless organisms

More information

Land Judging and Homesite Evaluation Guidebook

Land Judging and Homesite Evaluation Guidebook Land Judging and Homesite Evaluation Guidebook Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service INTRODUCTION The study of land and its wise use should be important

More information

Soils and Land Use Test

Soils and Land Use Test SOIL PROPERTIES Total Score /50 1) List two of the five main functions of soil. (2 points) Habitat for organisms, Engineering medium, Filters and stores water, Anchor for plants, Cycles nutrients 2) Small

More information

Soil resources in upper Basho Valley.

Soil resources in upper Basho Valley. Soil resources in upper Basho Valley. Åge A. Nyborg, 2007 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute. Soil management challenges in Upper Basho Valley Low nutrient content, low organic matter content, deficient

More information

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 23. Waikiwi

Topoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 23. Waikiwi This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and

More information

Soil Science: Example SAQs

Soil Science: Example SAQs Level 1: remembering. Frequently used task words: define, list, label, name. Can the student recall or remember the information? Name five chemical compounds that make up plant root exudates. The question

More information

Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet

Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet Exam Date:Sunday 3/6/2018 CCS:ES.1c,1d,1e,1g,1k Chapter(10): Weathering and soil formation Sections:2,3,4 Textbook pages 284 to 297 Chapter(10):Weathering

More information

Section 3 Non-Structural BMPs

Section 3 Non-Structural BMPs 3.1 Stream Buffers A stream buffer or stream setback is a designated area around a stream, lake, or wetland left in a natural, densely vegetated state so as to protect the receiving water quality and provide

More information

SOIL SCIENTIST REPORT FOR THE CONNECTICUT PORTION OF THE CONNECTICUT EXPANSION PROJECT. Prepared for:

SOIL SCIENTIST REPORT FOR THE CONNECTICUT PORTION OF THE CONNECTICUT EXPANSION PROJECT. Prepared for: SOIL SCIENTIST REPORT FOR THE CONNECTICUT PORTION OF THE CONNECTICUT EXPANSION PROJECT Prepared for: Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, L.L.C. 1001 Louisiana Street Houston, Texas 77002 Prepared by: AECOM

More information

108 40' 29'' W Soil Map Mesa County Area, Colorado 108 36' 55'' W 39 10' 11'' N 39 6' 31'' N 4331700 4332500 4333300 4334100 4334900 4335700 4336500 4337300 4338100 701100 701900 702700 703500 704300 705100

More information