Diseases of Bentgrass, Ultradwarf Bermuda and more. Alan Windham Plant Pathology University of Tennessee
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1 Diseases of Bentgrass, Ultradwarf Bermuda and more Alan Windham Plant Pathology University of Tennessee
2 Abiotic Problems
3 Diagnosing Abiotic Problems Often associated with stress related to weather phenomenon May be related to cultural problems May be related to fertilizer or pesticide inputs
4 Abiotic (non-living cause of disease) What gives you a clue?
5 Signs or Symptoms Lack of signs or symptoms that would indicate a pathological problem point to an abiotic cause Nothing indicates that this is a disease No mycelium No fungal fruiting bodies No spores
6 Roots are healthy; foliage is bleached but no sign of fungal infection
7 Bentgrass roots stained with acid fuchsin; ; no sign of any root pathogens
8 Root tip is composed of: Root cap-protects root as it moves through soil Meristematic region where cell division takes place Zone of elongation where cells grow to their normal size
9 Root Cap Meristematic Region (zone of cell division) Bentgrass Root Tip Zone of elongation
10 Anatomy of a root Region of elongation Meristematic region Root Cap
11 Value of core aerification Root growth most abundant in aerification channel where O 2 level is highest.
12 Profile Problems Zone of high organic matter; often anaerobic; smells like a sewer; will not support root growth
13 Severe layering problem Black layer developing
14 Washed portion of plug; organic mat holds water and thus heat
15 Multiple black layers
16 Pathological root problems Pythium oospores stained with acid fuschin A pythium infection in the meristematic region can slow or stop root growth
17 Discolored roots + fungal structures = trouble Bentgrass root with a discolored center (stele) due to ETRI fungal infection
18 Root galls may = Root knot nematode A nematode infestation usually impairs root function and may lead to secondary problems from infections from other pathogens. Galls on bentgrass roots caused by root knot nematode
19 Root knot nematodes Root knot nema in root gall Female root knot
20 Root knot nematode eggs Female root knot nematodes may produce eggs in egg masses
21 Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum cereale Grass is thinned Fungus visible on foliage, crown of plant Bentgrass
22 Anthracnose Setae- hairlike structures associated with fruiting bodies (acervulii)
23 Anthracnose Crescent shaped spores
24 Anthracnose Appresoria infection structures, visible in crown and root tissue
25 Anthracnose Infection mats Infection mats in leaf sheath
26 Rhizoctonia Diseases Brown patch cool season grasses Large patch zoysia and bermuda Yellow patch bentgrass Waitea patch- bentgrass, Poa annua
27 Brown Patch Warm weather disease of a cool season grass
28 Heritage applied at 28 day intervals; UT Plant Science Farm Brown patch control Untreated Heritage
29 Large patch This Rhizoctonia disease is active at green up on zoysia and bermuda
30 Yellow Patch White mycelium forms smoke ring Creeping bentgrass December 2007
31 Rhizoctonia cerealis Right angle branching
32 Waitea patch Described by Dr. Frank Wong, UC Riverside, on Poa annua
33 Southern Blight
34 Southern blight causal fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Occurs during very hot weather; fungus produces abundant white mycelium
35 Sclerotium rolfsii Fungus produces spherical structures called sclerotia (pl)
36 Southern blight-tall fescue
37 Pythium Diseases creeping bentgrass Poor color from pythium root decline Pythium blight- fungus has followed movement of water on green
38 Pythium blight of an ultradwarf bermuda? TifEagle
39 Pythium on Tifeagle Abundant white mycelium; also water soaked foliage
40 Pythium reproductive structuresoogonia
41 Rapid Blight Caused by a primitive fungus- Labyrinthula. Salinity usually is a problem when rapid blight shows up. Could be found on courses that use treated wastewater for irrigation source.
42 Labyrinthula cells dispersed when diseased tissue was macerated
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