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1 Volume 1 HOWARD DOUGHMAN, MBA K I L L M O L D & F U N G U S I N Y O U R G A R D E N

2 KILL MOLD & FUNGUS IN YOUR GARDEN Howard Doughman 3202 Chelmsford Drive Spring Grove, IL Phone Spring Grove, Illinois

3 Table of Contents Removal of Algae and Mold on the Lawn... 1 Black Mold on Flowers / Leaves... 3 Black Slime Mold on the Lawn... 4 Lawn Fungus Treatment... 4 Spot Fungus on Roses and Other Plants... 5 Rust Mold on Apple Trees... 5 Summary Mold and Algae in the Lawn and Garden... 5

4 Removal of Algae and Mold on the Lawn Mold and algae in your lawn are symptoms of some basic problems. Your lawn is suffering from disease. Three things have to be in place for lawn disease to be present: mold, slime, and or fungus are present the grass plant is vulnerable the conditions are right By targeting one of these three legs, you can easily regain control of your lawn. Eliminating mold, fungus, and slime is essentially impossible because their spores are everywhere. Their spores are carried around everywhere by even the slightest air currents. We can't see these spores, but we can control their environment! Since exterminating mold and fungus is impossible, the grass plant can be made less vulnerable to disease. The grass roots may not be deep enough, the soil's alkaline content may be wrong, and there could be too much thatch. Basically, even though the problems with this leg can be identified and eventually fixed, it's not as easy to tackle as the conditions that allow disease. The right conditions for mold, slime, and fungus to take over your lawn are: Too much shade Too wet Excessive fertilizer Disease What To Do Chemical Control Cottony Blight - diseased area surrounded by blackened blades covered with white/grey mildew. Don't water heavily. Aerate as much as possible. Don't use too much fertilizer. Dollar Spot - fungus Aerate. Water for Benomyl, Etridiazole, Propamocarb, Chloroneb, Metalaxyl 1

5 that kills grass in small spots usually dark tan to light yellow in color. Fairy Rings - dark green rings or arcs of grass that grow faster. Pink Snow Mold - develops under snow causing pink or white circular patches. Grass Leaf Spots - purplish black, dark reddish brown, chocolate brown, light grey or tan spots on leaves and stems. Turns grass yellow. Moss - light green to dark, fuzzy, slimy and covers rocks and ornaments. Happens due to poor drainage, low nutrients and fertility, high acidic soil, too much shade and improper watering. Powdery Mildew - white, grey-white, brown when nights are cool and days are warm. Red Thread - pink patches of dead grass during cool, longer periods. Decrease thatch. Use more nitrogen. Increase nitrogen. Aerate more. Keep area wet two weeks & frequently cut. If no success, then remove organic matter buried beneath the affected area. Matter is feeding the various fungus. Avoid thatch buildup. Aerate. Reduce shade. Don't over fertilize. Reduce shade. Aerate to improve water drainage. Keep cut high. Aerate. Reduce shade. Fertilize with ammonium sulfate. Reduce shade. Don't over water. Aerate. Don't over fertilize. Nitrogen. Cholorothaloni, Anilazine, Fenarimol, Thiophanates, Iprodione, Triadimefon. None. Mancozeb, Fenarimol, Triadimefon,Benomyl Iprodione, Chlorothatlonil, Cycloheximide, Anilazine, Mancozeb, Captan. Wettable sulfur, Maneb, Mancozeb. These are temporary cures. Cycloheximide, Triadimefon, Benomyl. Chlorothalonil, Iprodione, Triadimefon, Anilazine. 2

6 damp weather (spring, fall, winter). Coral-pink threads bind leaves together. Slime Mold - Warm weather, lots of water. Small white, grey, yellow slimy masses. Dry and form blue, grey, yellow, black, or white powdery substance. Stripe Smut - stripes on leaves that rupture releasing black/brown powdery masses. Causes wilting. Aerate a lot. Remove thatch even if undetectable. Cut grass low. Easy on the water. Aerate. Clear thatch. Benomyl, Fenarimol, Triadimefon. Thiophanates, Triadimefon. There are many more but those are the most common. In most cases you can control the problem by aerating the area, which allows for better drainage. You must reduce the shade in the area as much as possible and most of all don't over water. By taking these steps, you will be able to eliminate mold, algae, and fungus in your lawn. The source of my information and my recommendation for further reading is The Healthy Lawn Handbook, by Lane L. Winward, Lyons & Burford Publishers, Copyright Black Mold on Flowers / Leaves For any flowers that show black spots, mold, or any fungus on the leaves try to improve the sunlight for that area. Also the plants could be too close together and won't allow for adequate ventilation of their leaf surfaces. When the leaves don't dry, they grow mold. One other point is to water your flowers early in the day. That gives the flowers, petals, stems, and surrounding area time to completely dry before dark. That will greatly reduce, if not completely eliminate mold on your gardenias, roses, violets, and all other plants. 3

7 Black Slime Mold on the Lawn Black slime mold on the lawn is caused by humid warm weather and too much water. Clearing the thatch will help get the area dry. Reducing the amount of watering will begin to eliminate the essential ingredient that black slime mold needs. Also aerate the area to make the drainage better. Hard dirt is terrible at allowing water to drain into the soil and get to the grass's root system. Aeration puts holes or plugs in the ground which allows water to get further down into the soil. If you have a lot of trouble with hard ground that only allows water to sit on top, then aerate and spread a thin layer of sand. The sand will work its way into the soil and improve drainage. Keep aerating and adding sand over the course of three years and you will have completely eliminated the problem of black slime mold on that part of your lawn. Also try to improve the area's exposure to the sun. Lawn Fungus Treatment If your problem wasn't solved in the table above, then you need to follow the often recited steps to clearing fungus and mold from anywhere outside. Increase the sun light and decrease the shade. Then don't over water the area. Make sure there is very little thatch that may stay wet too long. Remember it takes mold about hours to take hold and start growing. That is why keeping the area dry is so important. Fungus can also be due to organic material underground that is feeding it. If keeping the area dry, minimally watering it, and keeping the grass length short doesn't solve the problem then reducing shade will help. If none of those steps work, you may have to dig out about eight inches of soil and remove it. Replace the soil with good soil and reseed your grass. Hopefully, the elementary actions will solve the problem and the harder soil replacement project won't come about. 4

8 Spot Fungus on Roses and Other Plants Black spots appear on your leaves. Then the tissue next to the spots turns yellow and the leaves eventually drop. This occurs mostly in humid weather. The fungus spreads from spores that develop on the black spots. It is easily carried from plant to plant by rain and sprinkling. As with other plants, water early in the day to allow time for the roses to get completely dry before dark. Carefully remove diseased leaves and try not to disturb the black spots that may release spores. Before spring growth, prune any diseased wood in your roses. Keep plants spaced apart to allow for improved ventilation and drying of their leaves. Dampness is the enemy. It only takes a little over 24 hours for mold and fungus to grow. Their spores stick to plants that are wet. If they don't dry, the spores begin growing which causes the problems. Rust Mold on Apple Trees Rust mold is reddish-orange pustules that resemble warts. They appear on the underside of leaves. The leaves eventually whither and drop. In the fall, the spores turn black and survive the winter. Then the infestation begins a new life cycle in the spring. For rust mold, remove and burn the infected parts. Make sure trees and any plants that are susceptible to rust mold are spaced far enough apart to allow for sun and proper ventilation. As with all mold, avoid wetting the foliage more than necessary. Keeping the plant dry, but watered is essential to eliminate the rust mold. Summary Mold and Algae in the Lawn and Garden It sounds like a broken record, but keep your plants and grass watered but dry. Make sure to water early in the day so that the plants have all day to dry completely. This will inhibit mold, fungus, and slime growth. Aerate problem areas to create better water absorption for your plants. Moss, slime, and fungus are usually surface growers. By getting water deeper in the ground, the grass and plants receive the water and less stays on the surface. 5

9 Improve sunlight to problem areas. Reducing shade in mold and slime areas will help your plants and grass grow, while keeping mold, slime and fungus to a minimum. The chemicals listed in the table above are for further help. The What to Do section should solve 85% of the problems. The chemicals will help those stubborn situations. 6

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