Vegetables Chapter 10 OSUE MGV Training. Pam Bennett OSUE State MGV Coordinator Horticulture Educator

Transcription

1 Vegetables Chapter 10 OSUE MGV Training Pam Bennett OSUE State MGV Coordinator Horticulture Educator

2 Vegetables Site Planning Cultural

3 Sun 8-10 hours sun Water Site CLOSE TO THE FAUCET! Size Physical site Time Use

4 Site Soil Well-drained No contaminants Raised beds option

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6 Soil New site preparation Soil test ph Kill existing weeds Options? Mow tight Till

7 Soil Working the soil crumbly Tilling Don t over do it

8 Planning Crop selection Preferences Hybrids Disease resistance All-America Selections Heirloom varieties and cultivars Seed catalogs

9 Cool season Planning Not injured by frost Asparagus, broad bean, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, collard, garlic, horseradish, kale, kohlrabi, leek, onion, pea, radish, rhubarb, shallot, spinach, turnip Cool-season Injured by frost but intolerant of temps above 70F Beets, carrot, cauliflower, celery, chard, Chinese cabbage, endive, lettuce, mustard, parsnip, potato, Swiss chard

10 Planning Warm-season Cantaloupe, cucumber, eggplant, lima bean, New Zealand spinach, pepper, pumpkin, snap bean, squash, sweet corn, sweet potato, tomato, watermelon Do not TOLERATE cold soils

11 Planning Succession planting Continuous harvest through season Warm-season followed by cool season 2 nd crop of same plant Plant every 2 weeks, same species Plant different cultivars with varying maturity dates More attention to watering in later plantings

12 Fall crops Bush Beans August 1 Beets Broccoli Chinese Cabbage Carrots Cauliflower Endive Kale - August 1-15 Kohlrabi Radishes Spinach - September 1 Turnips Collards Lettuce

13 Planning Plant spacing Traditional layout Row planting Hill planting Soil warms sooner Germination quicker

14 Planning Plant spacing Intensive planting Square foot concentrated planting Space saving varieties Wide rows

15 Planning Raised beds Soil warms earlier Good drainage Easier cultivation

16 Planning Vertical space Watch shading other crops Interplanting Leeks with sweet potatoes Radishes and carrots

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18 Planning Developing the garden plan Do you have a garden plan? Add ornamentals for color

19 Cultural practices Starting seeds indoors Timing don t start too early Harden off Planting seeds and transplants Timing Cloudy day No flowers/fruit Soil temperature

20 Cultural practice Planting Depth Seeds Twice the diameter Follow label directions Transplants Same level as container» Exception tomato, broccoli

21 Cultural practices Fertilizing Average garden soil LOSES per 100 sq. ft. 1-3# of N ½-1 1/2# P 2-4 # K Amount Add per soil test

22 Cultural Practices Fertilizing Timing Planting Methods Starter fertilizer????? Side dressing Row or banding Broadcasting Liquid

23 Cultural Practices Fertilizing Never fertilize when dry Avoid prolonged contact with foliage Organic and synthetic

24 Cultural practices Watering Amount 1 water per week When Morning

25 Cultural Practices Watering Methods Sprinklers Soaker hoses Drip irrigation By hand Avoid getting water on foliage

26 Cultural practices Staking Sanitation

27 Cultural practices Weed control Cultivation Mulching Herbicides Harvesting Fall cleanup

28 Cultural Practices Crop rotation Why? At least 3 years

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30 Cultural Pest Control What pests? Weeds Insects Disease Animals What to do? What are your strategies?

31 Integrated pest management Systematic approach Best gardening practices Right plant right place Threshold levels Control options

32 IPM threshold levels What is your threshold? Depends on.. Amount of damage tolerated Pest population State of development for plant Vigor of plant Life cycle and habits of pest

33 IPM Control options Requires monitoring Visual Traps Correctly identifying cause Selecting control options

34 IPM cultural practices Irrigation Crop rotation Garden sanitation Soil aeration Mulching Tilling Resistant plants

35 IPM mechanical Hand-picking Screens and barriers Trapping Syringing

36 IPM biological Aphid Predators - Free Shipping Predators and parasites Aphid Predators (Aphidoletes aphidimyza) ship as 1,000 small pupae mixed with vermiculite that soon hatch out into adult parasitic gall-midges. The adults seek out the aphids and lay eggs near the colony. After about 2-3 days the eggs hatch into tiny, bright-orange larvae which immediately begin feeding on aphids and are attracted by the smell of honeydew. Best applied when aphids are present, the adults are 2.5 mm long, fragile, with long legs. The eggs are tiny and oblong and a shiny, orange-red color. The larvae can be up to 3 mm long, orange, and are found in the aphid colonies. The pupae are found in the soil. Release 2-5 pupae per 10 sq. ft. of infested area. Especially effective in greenhouses. Repeat weekly for a minimum of three weeks. Microbes

37 IPM Chemical Pesticides = to kill a pest Degrade quickly Low toxicity Target pest

38 IPM threshold levels What is your threshold? Depends on.. Amount of damage tolerated Pest population State of development for plant Vigor of plant Life cycle and habits of pest

39 Life cycles Factsheets Colorado Potato Beetle Bacterial Wilt of Cucurbits Squash Vine Borer Striped Cucumber Beetle

40 Diseases

41 Leaf wetness, humidity, warm temps Environment The Disease Triangle Pathogen Marsonnina rosea - teleomorph Diplocarpon rosae Host Roses Rosa spp.

42 Abiotic vs Biotic

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44 Anything else we missed Pushing the envelope, extending the season Black walnut toxicity Common insects Common diseases Late blight of tomato, potato

45 Anything else we missed Favorite vegetable Using vegetables