BACKYARD SMALL FRUIT CULTURE. Presented by Patrick Byers
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1 BACKYARD SMALL FRUIT CULTURE Presented by Patrick Byers
2 Outline gardenplansireland.com Why Grow Berries at Home? Planning the Berry Garden Berry Crops for Missouri
3 Incentives to Growing Your Own gardenplansireland.com Freshest of the Fresh Save Money Choice of Varieties Health Benefits Horticulture Therapy
4 Why Grow Fruit at Home? Harvest Season Fruit May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Blackberries Blueberries Gooseberries Grapes - Table Grapes - Wine Flori Raspberries Primo Raspberries JB Strawberries DN Strawberries
5 Planning the Garden chicagonow.com
6 idrc.ca gardening.about.com Planning the Garden How much space do you have available? Challenge: Lack of space Solutions: Edible landscapes Vertical gardening Cultivar choice Miniature cultivars
7 idrc.ca gardening.about.com Planning the Garden How much space do you have available? Challenge: Lack of space Solutions: Container gardening Large containers are best Use soilless growing media Watering important Good candidates Blueberries Strawberries
8 Planning the Garden henandhammock.co.uk countryliving.com Environmental Variables Sun exposure Full sun savewater.com.au
9 Planning the Garden henandhammock.co.uk countryliving.com Environmental Variables Sun exposure Full sun Water inches per week savewater.com.au
10 Spacing Spacing between fruit plants Brambles feet Berries 3-4 feet Grapes 8 feet Spacing between rows depends!
11 Planning the Garden henandhammock.co.uk countryliving.com savewater.com.au Environmental Variables Sun exposure Full sun Water inches per week Air flow Recommended spacing Soil Well-drained Ideal soil composition Optimum ph = Blueberries ph
12 Collecting a Soil Sample When? Perennial crops before planting & every 3 rd year Where? Planting areas Take at depth of plant roots Avoid unusual areas Locations where soil differs dramatically from other areas
13 Fertilizing Fruits Amend soil before planting, based on soil test: Lime Sulfur Nutrients Fertilizer amounts are determined by: Type of fruit Age of fruit plant Presence or absence of a fruit crop In general, fertilizers are applied as growth begins in the spring
14 Planning the Garden naturalyards.com agricultureguide.org grandforksherald.com Overcoming poor soil conditions Amendments Compost Cover Crops Raised beds Mulch Conserve moisture Prevent soil compaction Prevent rotting of fruit Suppress weeds
15 nogmoseedbank.wordpress.com Planning the Garden Choosing fruit cultivars RESOURCE: MU G6005 Fruit Cultivars for Home Plantings Always consider hardiness Always consider disease resistance Consider adaptation to Missouri Consider the use of the fruit
16 Weed Control Effects of weeds Compete for resources Water Nutrients Sunlight Lower crop yields Interfere with cultural practices; harvesting Provide alternate hosts for pathogens & insect
17 Weed Control Don t delay! Remove weeds when they are less than 1 tall and remove roots, too! Mulching- straw, leaves, black polyethylene plastic, grass clippings, wood chips (nontreated) work well Chemicals- READ directions! BE careful! The label is the law!
18 Small Fruit IPM Learn to identify problems Dispose of crop residue (leftovers) Destroy wild fruit plants that harbor pests Use resistant cultivars Purchase healthy planting stock Use limited chemicals if necessary
19 Small Fruit IPM Spotted wing drosophila Pest of blueberry, strawberry, blackberry, raspberry Monitor populations with traps Spray to manage
20 Pruning Pruning pruning is an important annual job shaping plants strong framework correct problems when to prune Dormant season Growing season
21 Training and Pruning Equipment Pruner Lopper Saw
22 Storage and Use To store: Canning, freezing, and drying are possibilities - follow guidelines Fresh fruits can be stored Processed fruit products jelly, juice, wine
23 THE BRAMBLE FRUITS ROSE FAMILY
24 Bramble Fruits Generally Speaking Blackberry, raspberry Raspberry primocane and floricane cultivars Red, yellow, black, purple Blackberry Upright and semi-erect cultivars Primocane and floricane cultivars Thornless, thorny cultivars Self fertile
25 Bramble Cultivars Primocane raspberry primocane red raspberry: Autumn Britten, Caroline, Heritage, Josephine, Prelude primocane yellow raspberry: Anne, Kiwigold Golden Harvest Heritage
26 Bramble Cultivars Floricane raspberry Canby, Reveille, Lauren, Nova Nova
27 Bramble Cultivars Black raspberry black raspberry: Jewell, Bristol Bristol
28 Bramble Cultivars Erect blackberry erect thornless blackberry: Navaho, Apache, Ouachita, Natchez erect thorny blackberry: Kiowa, Chickasaw Primocane: Prime Jim, Prime Jan, PrimeArk 45, PrimeArk Freedom
29 Bramble Cultivars Semi-erect blackberry Triple Crown, Chester Triple Crown
30 Brambles Planting brambles Use tissue culture nursery stock Spacing between rows ft Spacing between plants Red raspberries inches Erect blackberries 2-4 feet Black raspberries 3 feet Semi-erect blackberries 6 feet
31 Brambles Pruning primocane bearing red raspberries Remove all canes in late winter
32 Brambles Pruning floricane bearing red raspberries Remove old floricanes in winter Thin remaining canes to 3-4 /ft 2
33 Brambles Pruning black raspberries and erect blackberries Tip primocanes in early summer Remove dead floricanes in winter Thin remaining canes to 3-6 per plant (black raspberries) or 6/sq.ft (blackberries Shorten laterals to 12-18
34 Brambles
35 Brambles
36 Brambles
37 GRAPES GRAPE FAMILY
38 Grapes Generally Speaking Choose hardy cultivars Choose disease resistant cultivars Choose cultivars based on intended use Table grapes seeded or seedless Wine grapes Plant on a support or trellis
39 Grapes Types of grapes American French-American hybrids Vinifera Muscadine
40 Grape Cultivars Self fruitful Cultivars seeded American grapes: Concord, Delaware, Steuban, Niagara, Norton seedless American grapes: Mars, Reliance, Vanessa, Himrod, Marquis French-American hybrids: Seyval, Vidal, Vignoles, Chambourcin
41 Grapes Planting grapes 1 year rooted cuttings Spacing between rows 10 feet Spacing between plants 8 feet
42 Grapes Grape vine terminology
43 Grapes Training systems for grapes Cordon system
44 BLUEBERRIES BLUEBERRY FAMILY
45 Blueberries Generally Speaking Choose hardy cultivars highbush or half-high cultivars are good choices for SW Missouri Proper soil preparation is important Acid ph Lots of organic matter Well drained berm or raised bed Protect your crop from birds!
46 Blueberry Cultivars Blueberry cultivars (self fruitful) Northern highbush Many cultivars available Bluecrop, Blueray, Duke, Coville, Lateblue, Chandler Southern highbush Legacy Ozarkblue Half high Northblue Bluesky
47 Blueberries Soil requirements acid ph: is ideal well drained high organic matter Sulfur Recommendations amount needed to lower soil ph by one ph unit sandy loam: loam silt loam clay 0.75 lbs/100 square feet 1.0 lbs/100 square feet 1.5 lbs/100 square feet 2.0 lbs/100 square feet
48 Blueberries Planting blueberries 2 year plants work best Spacing between rows feet Spacing between plants 4 feet
49 Blueberries Mulching
50 Blueberries Pruning Begin pruning when bushes are small Prune when dormant Thinning cuts Remove: - older canes - weak shoots - diseased and dead wood
51 STRAWBERRIES ROSE FAMILY
52 Strawberries Generally Speaking Types of strawberries June bearing Day neutral Excellent plants for containers Consider raised beds Consider winter protection
53 Strawberry Cultivars Self fruitful Cultivars Junebearing: Earliglow, Redchief, Allstar, Honoeye, Jewel, Lateglow Day Neutral: Albion, Seascape, Tribute, Tristar Alpine: Alexandria, Alpine Yellow, Reugen Ornamental: Pink Panda
54 Strawberries Planting depth
55 Strawberries Junebearing culture, Year 1 Plant early in the spring Remove flowers Position runners to fill the row Keep weeds under control Fertilize in August Mulch in late fall
56 Strawberries Junebearing culture, Year 1 Mulching materials 4-6 inches of clean straw Spunbonded row covers Mulch after ground is cold (late November-December)
57 Strawberries Junebearing culture, Year 2 and beyond Remove mulch in March-April Harvest fruit in May-June Renovate after harvest Fertilize in August Control weeds Mulch in late fall
58 UNUSUAL BERRIES
59 Unusual Berries Small fruits Gooseberry and currant Elderberry Hardy kiwi
60 Resources University of Missouri Extension Guides Guides on many aspects of fruit production odnut/gh1502.pdf (freezing berries) State Fruit Experiment Station (MSU) Guides on blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes, general fruit #CommercialFruit
61 Resources Raspberries in tunnels: htunnelsrasp2012.pdf North American Fruit Explorers (NAFEX) 1716 Apples Rd., Chapin, IL or call ; Nursery listing - ries.html Information clearinghouse -
62 Resources Berries in the Midwest Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Spray Guide Midwest Strawberry Production Guide Midwest Blueberry Production Guide (soon) Organic fruit production guides
63 Resources Unusual berries Burkheimer, S.F. and E. Hanson Unusual fruit plants for gardens in the North Central region. Mich. St. U. Ext. Bull. E Reich, L Uncommon fruits worthy of attention. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA. Whealy, K. (ed) Fruit, berry and nut inventory. Seed Savers Exchange, Decorah, IA.
64 Questions? Patrick Byers (417)
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