Updates on Products for Managing Diseases of Apples
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1 Updates on Products for Managing Diseases of Apples Kerik D. Cox NYSAES Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University
2 Outline Efficacy of new fungicides for apple scab powdery mildew management Efficacy of fungicides for post-harvest bitter rot management Prohexadione Ca, Biologicals, & SARs for fire blight management
3 Apple scab & powdery mildew concerns for 2017 Secondary apple scab pressure heavy June to August rains: 13 infections & 11 inches SDHI fungicides remain effective Heavy rains and cooler weather kept mildew pressure low
4 Apple scab & powdery mildew trials 3.1-acre planting site Empire and Jonagold - M.9/M.111 interstem (18-20 years old) Widely-spaced two tree plots
5 Apple scab & powdery mildew trials Fungicide treatments Dilute handgun application timed at 7-10 day intervals from TC- 2 nd cover or days from 3 rd -7 th cover Alternated with effective protectant standards not to exceed max applications (4 applications)
6 Apple scab trials Apple scab evaluation Incidence any lesion on cluster leaves and fruit (June), terminal leaf scab (July), & fruit (Sept) Cluster leaves & fruit (June) Terminal leaves (July) Mature fruit (Sept)
7 Apple scab trials (2016) Dry year little fruit infection: SDHI(premixes) better than protectants, Miravis, Luna tranquility, Aprovia DMIs
8 Apple scab trials (2017) Wet year high levels of fruit infection: Aprovia, Miravis, Luna tranquility, Sercadis, SDHI(premixes), > protectant & DMIs
9 Apple scab trials: Trends and considerations Apple Scab DMIs still work on DMI resistant populations in dry years QoI/SDHI premixes may be affected by practical resistant to QoI fungicides in wet years Stand alone SDHI fungicides strong against apple scab: Aprovia & Miravis highly potent
10 Powdery mildew trials Disease assessment Powdery mildew: Primary mildew (June) & Secondary mildew (July) Incidence (any lesion) & Severity (% leaf area)
11 Powdery mildew trials (2016) Dry year high mildew pressure: SDHI premixes, HS DMIs (Rhyme & Rally) > standalone SDHIs
12 Powdery mildew trials (2017) Wet year low mildew pressure : SDHI premixes, HS DMIs (Rhyme & Rally), Miravis
13 Powdery mildew trials: Trends and considerations Powdery mildew DMIs Topguard (Rhyme) or Rally still strongest mildew fungicides high rates w/ mancozeb to manage DMI resistant scab QoIs & SDHI-QoI premixes next best line of defense even with QoI resistance Stand alone SDHI fungicides slight effect against mildew under high pressure, Miravis? Sulfur 3.33 lbs/ day intervals from bloom to end of terminal growth = QoIs: phyto & smell
14 Outline Efficacy of new fungicides for apple scab powdery mildew management Efficacy of fungicides for postharvest bitter rot management Prohexadione Ca, Biologicals, & SARs for fire blight management
15 Post harvest concerns for 2017 Bitter pit and lenticel break down issues prevalent in Honeycrisp and other high-value varieties Such fruit often has latent infections of black, white, or bitter rot
16 Bitter rot trial (2017) 13 year old Buckeye Gala on B.9 rootstock Treat trees with fungicides at harvest Fruit are inoculated & placed into cold storage Incidence and severity of bitter rot lesions
17 Bitter rot trials (2017) Note: Merivon, Inspire (AP) > Aprovia
18 Bitter rot Bitter rot trial: Trends and considerations Pre- to Post harvest scenario Merivon is best & Inspire super was good Glomerella leaf spot species from other regions (WV, PA, NC) affected a little differently
19 Outline Efficacy of new fungicides for apple scab powdery mildew management Efficacy of fungicides for post-harvest bitter rot management Prohexadione Ca, Biologicals, & SARs for fire blight management
20 Research Question Can prohexadione calcium and SARs help control blossom blight and reduce shoot blight if applied at pink?
21 2017 PhCa & SAR Research 13 year old Buckeye Gala on B.9 rootstock Artificial inoculum for blossom blight (Ea 273 at 1x10 6 CFUml -1 ) > serve as inoculum for shoot blight 80% bloom
22 2017 Pink > Blossom blight Mean percentage of blighted blossom clusters
23 2017 Pink > Blossom blight Mean percentage of blighted blossom clusters
24 2017 Pink > Sept shoot length
25 Pink > Sept shoot length 2016 Dry Season 2017 Wet Season
26 2017 Pink > Fire blight & Growth PhCa at Pink: 1) Decent BB & SB control (best at 6 oz) 2) Reduce bitter pit too? Pink application is recommended for cultivars prone to bitter pit 3) Manage high vigor varieties holding tree training
27 2017 Pink > Fire blight & Growth PhCa at Pink: 4) Better with biological at bloom reduce inoculum 5) No impact on shoot growth by end of season (early on yes) Regalia (natural SAR): 1) Decent BB & SB control (best at 6 oz) 2) Better with biological at bloom reduce inoculum 3) No impact on shoot growth
28 Research Question Can we use prohexadione calcium and SARs more effectively postpetal fall with low rates and different timings?
29 2017 PF+ on Shoot blight Bloom: Double Nickel LC 32 fl oz
30 2017 PF+ on Shoot blight Bloom: Double Nickel LC 32 fl oz
31 2017 PF+ on Sept shoot length
32 2017 PF+ on Sept shoot length 2016 Dry Season 2017 Wet Season
33 2017 PF + on Shoot blight & Growth PhCa after petal fall: 1) Excellent control of SB infections 2) Start early with low rate programs 3) Prolonged programs of low doses > slightly impede trees Regalia (natural SAR): 1) Excellent control of SB infections 2) No impact to nice shoot growth
34 2018 PhCa Research Further refine prohexadione calcium applications at pink & season-long prohexadione calcium programs on young trees with no fire blight
35 Questions
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