K.S. 'KALE, P.V. DESHPANDE

Transcription

1 K.S. 'KALE, P.V. DESHPANDE 27 t ungomery, R. W Report of the Division of Entomology and Plant Pathology. 49th nnlral Report of the Bureau of Sugar Expevimenr Stations, Queensland, Austr.alia : Spencer, G. L., and Meade. C.'P Carte Sugar Handboolc. Seventh Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. Stokes, I. E., and Ashley. T. E Results of Efertilizer tests of sugarcane in nderford, H. B Soil and IdandiUse. Vulcan Press, Birmingham, Alabama. n Dlllewijn, C Botany OF Sugarcane. The Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Massachusetts. he absence of the authors the following paper was taken as read. Paper DIES IN PLANTING BUD, SHOOT AND SEEDLING SETTS OF SUGARCANE I<. S. KALE AND P. V. DESHPANDE The Ugnr Sugar Works Ltd., Ugarkhurd, India lntroductlon rimental evidence. In the Bombay Dzccan, the Adsali planting done between June-September

2 1 AGRICULTURAL SECTIO~~ w lhnds -. t and seedling setts in this period, in flood-free. -, and made 'VUY, --- nsvlanting in August or September when the ri sk of flood is over. At Ugar, about 4094, of the cultivable land is subject to submeeion in floods which cannot be planted in June and July It was, therefore, thought that a fundamental study of plantlng aouble and single shoot and seedling setts in comparison with triple bud setts, would be very useful and interesting. Experimental work was, therefore, started from the season and is being continued since then. The results of this work are presented and discussed in this paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS (i),, Soil. The soil of the experimental plots was "B" type acc ;ording to the Genetic Soil Survey of the Sugarcane Development Scheme, Padegaon, Bombay State and it has the following properties:- 1. Clay percent Moisture holding capacity percent 40 to Available P,O, percent 4. Lime reserve percent 5. Available K,O U.UL to U.UO 6. ph value 8.5 to 9.0 (ii) Climatic Conditions. Ugarkhurd lies in the Belgaum District o f the Bombay State. The annual average rainfall is inches and the mean maximum and minimum temperatures are 9 F and 6 F respectively. Th monthly variations in the rainfall and temperatures are given in Table I. TABLE I AVERAGE RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE OF 5 YEARS

3 llsplalltatio~~ of shoot and seedling setts was done in the experimental plots. Sugarcane is cultivated on lift irrigation from the river Krishna. (B) Slzoot Setts. These were prepared by planting triple and double setts vertically in nursery beds, for making double and single shoot setts, ectively. The aerial buds which developed into shoots with four to five e setts had no sett roots. (C) Seedling Setts. These were prepared by planting double and single setts horizoiltally in the nursery beds. The buds that developed into shoots four to five leaves, were up-rootedfor transplanting, within five to six weeks 000 buds as against shoots and seedlings of Co. 419 variety were horizontally on one side of the furrow per acre. epared after levelling the soil and fifteen pounds of F.Y.M. were applied bed, which was properly soaked with water before planting. Each bed eks from planting. Irrigation was given according to requirement. Treatments. The study is being done on statistical basis since he year Six treatments were replicated six times in a randomised. Triple Bud (Early)-Planting was done with the plantjng of nursery. (i.e. about 5 to 6 weeks earlier than other treatments.) 2. Triple Bud (Late)-Planting was done with the transplantation of Shoot and Seedling setts.. Double Shoot.. Double Seedling., Single Seedling. ermination, survival percentages, plant population and growth were ed at regular intervals and the harvesting data and Mill Tests of each ment were taken separately. 'CJ

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6 I 276 AGRICULTURAL SECTION I Tile percentage of survival of Double Shoot aiid Seedling setts was higher than that in Single Shoot and Seedling setts. The higher percentage of mortality in Single Shoot and Seedling setts appears to be due to the insuflicieilcy of plant food aiid water in the small portions of illternodes attached to them. The finding of Dillewijn that "the larger the cutting attached to a bud, the better the germination" appears to be applicable even to the survival of Shoots and Seedling setts. It was also observed that higher temperature in the montl~ of October was detriil~ental to the survival of shoots and seedlings. During the three seasons from to , the tra~~splaating Shoots and Seedling setts was done in dry soil. Since higher percentage mortality was observed under these conditions, trailsplanting was done in we soil in the season The survival percentages are given in Table IV. TABLE IV SURVIVAL PERCENTAGE IN SHOOT AND SEEDUNG SETTS PLANTED IN WET SOIL DATE OF TRANSPLANATION : Kind of sett Survival percentage It is seen from the results given in Tables III and IV that the wet collditio the soil before transplantation is a pre-requisite ensuring an appreciably percentage of survival of Shoot and Seedling setts. I PLANT POPULATION Tables V and VI give the figures of plant population per acre recorded different dates of observation. Kind of planting TABLE V POPULATION OF PLANTS PER ACRE IN SEASON Dates of observation

7 K.S. KALE, P.V. DESHPANDE TABLE VI OF PLANTS PER ACRE IN SEASON Date of planting Dates of observation or transplanting V and VI, it call be seen that Triple Bud Setts (Early) got an early ave rise to early tillering. There was ]lowever very little difference GROWTH th measuremeilts were tal<en periodically and the same are given i TABLE VII AVERAGE HEIGHT OF PLANTS 'IN-INCHES IN Dates of observation ly). The gr~vytll in other ltinds of sstts was almost equal,

8 278. AGRICULTURAL SECTION TABLE VIII HARVEST DATA IN DIFFERENT TREATMENTS-AVERAGE AND OF TWO SEASONS Details Triple Triple Double Single Bud Bud Shoot Shoot (Early) (Late) No. per acre Normal canes ,Water Shoots Total Millabe canes Dead Canes Av. Heiglzt in inches Normal canes Water Shoots Av. Girfh in inches Normal canes Water Shoots Av. Weight in 16s. Normal canes Water Shoots Millable canes The number of normal canes, water shoots and also millable canes in Triple sefts (Early) was higher than that in all other ltinds of setts although there higher percentage of dead canes owing to the heavy lodging and rat attack du the season The height of ilorinal canes in Shoot and Seedling setts higher than that in Triple Bud setts, both Early and Late. The, weight of mill YIELD DATA The data for season are given in Table IX separately, as t were only fivc treatments during this sc,qson,

9 K.S. KALE, P.V. DESHPNADE 279 TABLE IX YIELD OF CANE, PERCENTAGE OF AVAILABLE SUGAR AND SUGAR PER ACRE IN Triple Bud (Early) Trinle Bud (Late) Single Shoo1 [ single Seedling Critical difference Yield of cane Available Sugar per acre Sugar Per acre Tons Tons Tons k Triple Bud setts (Early) were found to be distinctly superior to all other kinds of setts both in respect of yield and sugar per acre. Double Shoot and Single Shoot setts gave more or less equal amount of sugar per acre. Triple Bud (Late) 1 TABLE X YIELD OF CANE, PERCENTAGE OF AVAILABLE SUGAR AND SUGAR PER ACRE IN Yield of cane Available Sugar d of sett per acre Sugar per acre Tons Tons Tons Critical Difference 3.77 The results in TabIe X confirm the finding of season as regards the superiority of Triple Bud setts (Early) in respect of yield and sugar per acre. The yield of cane and sugar in Double Shoot, Double Seedling and Single Seedling

10 280 AGRICULTURAL SECTION The results for the seasoil are given in Table XI., TABLE XI YIELD OF CANE, PERCENTAGE OF AVAILABLE SUGAR AND SUGAR PER ACRE IN Yield of cane Available Kind of sett per acre sugar Tons Tons Triple Bud (Early) Triple BLI~ (Late) Double Shoot Single Shoot Double Seedling Single Seedling Critical Difference at 5% level The yield of cane in Triple Bud setts (Early) was reduced by about 28% due 1 severe rat attack. Other treatments remained practically unaffected by this pes The loss of cane due to rat attack in early planted crops was found to of cane as well as sugar per acre. TABLE XI1 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Treatments Tr. x Seasons Sig. at 5 % level show that Treat~iient x Seasoil interaction is significant, compared to the e significant, compared to the Treatment x Season mean sum of squares.,

11 Z'' K.S. KALE, P.V. DESHPANDE 28 1 YIELD OF CANE, PERCENTAGE OF AVAILABLE SUGAR AND SUGAR PER ACRE (Average of 2 Seasons) Yield of cane Available Sugar d of sett per acre sugar per acre Tons Tons Tons Critical Difference at 5 % level 6.38 Double Seedling, Single Shoot and Single Seedling setts were found to be i. inferior to other treatlllents both in yield and sugar per acre.! DlSCUSSION k' The percentage of available sugar is, however, affected owing to the composition of larger nuinber of water shoots present in this lcind of planting. plantings is almost equal. Double Shoot setts yield canes which are richer in sugar content than all Qouble Seedling setts are superior to Single Shoot and Single Seedling setts, as regards yield and sugar per acre, mainly because of higher percentage of survival In this kind of setts. Transplantation gives a set-back to Seedling setts in the beginning,

12 282 AGRICULTURAL SECTION I probably because of the injury to the roots present in these kinds of setts. As the sett-roots are not present in Shoot setts, the extent of set-back in these kinds of setts is less as compared to Seedling setts. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS