1. The process whereby insoluble material is transported down into the soil to the subsoil is called

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1 WORLD GEOGRAPHY 3200/3202 Unit 3 review 1. The process whereby insoluble material is transported down into the soil to the subsoil is called 2. Any naturally occurring material which humans choose to use is called a 3. This word is another name for plant life 4. The process by which moisture is transported upward due to very dry conditions is called 5. This material is decomposed plant and animal matter found in soil 6. This is some component that fulfills the needs of humans 7. The spreading of desert like conditions in semi-arid regions is called 8. A method of ploughing parallel to the contours rather than up and down a slope and is called 9. This word is another name for animal life 10. Any resource that designed by society to further the creation of wealth is called a 11. The planting of alternating close growing crops and open growing crop to prevent erosion from wind and water is called 12. Human labour or any other human ability applied to the fulfillment of human needs is called 13. The movement of soluble particles down through the soil is known as 14. The planting of close growing crops on open or fallow fields for the purpose of ploughing it back into the soil to maintain soil fertility is called 15. A resource that is neither plant or animal is called an 16. Farming where a series of steps are used on hillsides and sometimes are bordered by small walls are called 17. A plant or animal resource can also be called an 18. What are the three things that a resource must satisfy in order to be called a resource? This type of soil is found in a boreal forest and is not particularly fertile

2 20. This type of soil is found in low latitude rainforest, highly leached and eluviated 21. This type of soil is found in mid latitude grassland areas and is very fertile 22. The value of a soil is determined by three things This type of soil has a diameter or size between 0.05 to 2 mm. 24. This type of soil has a diameter or size between to 0.05 mm. 25. This type of soil has a diameter or size smaller than mm. 26. The best type of soil for agriculture is. The per cent of sand is. The per cent of silt is. The per cent of clay is 27. Resources are said to be, that is what is considered to be a resource by one society may not be considered a resource by another. 28. Soils are made up of,, & 29. Label and give the characteristics of each horizon for the following soil profile 30. What are four factors that cause soil profiles to vary? A soil is considered to be sandy if it has over per cent of sand. 32. A soil is considered tp be a clay soil if it has over per cent of clay. 33. A soil is considered to be silty if it has over per cent of silt.

3 34. Three threats to soil that we talked about are Three causes of soil erosion are Three ways to maintain fertility to soils are Four techniques used to prevent erosion are The main ingredient in life is. 39. Where do we get this from? Where does it originate? 40. This the term for an animal that eats only plants? 41. This is the term that refers to animals that eat only other animals? 42. This term refers to animals that eat both plants and animals? 43. This term refers to plants? 44. This term refers to animals that eat plants? 45. This is a network of relationships among plants, animals and non-living things in an environment is 46. Plants make energy through this process 47. The pigment in plants that give it its green color? 48. These organisms live in soil and break down plant and animal matter? 49. A herbivore that eats grass would be considered this class of consumer?. If this consumer was then in turn eaten by another they would be considered this class of consumer?. 50. A linear sequence that representing the nutrition of various species from the simplest plant to the top carnivore is called

4 51. This amount of energy is stored and transferred on in a food chain? 52. A system of food chains that are linked together are called 53. This diagram can be used to represent the flow of energy in food chains and webs? 54. Each layer in a food chain is called 55. Two things happen as you go higher into a food pyramid & 56. The toxin that had an effect on the peregrine falcon was 57. Toxins that are found in the fat of animals are said to be 58. As you go higher in a food chain the toxicity levels go up because higher order organisms eat many lower order organisms that may have minute traces of toxins. This can have a serious impact on the higher order organisms and is called 59. The chief type of plants that have developed in a region over a long period of time is called 60. The most widespread ecosystems in the high latitudes are &. 61. The name of the forest ecosystem found in the low latitudes is 62. The most predominant ecosystem in South America is 63. The continents that do not experience tundra ecosystems are, & 64. The name of the ecosystem that we live in is 65. This type of plant has adapted its root system to grow in very wet, tropical areas 66. This type of plant is found in very dry, arid regions and have adapted tp become very drought resistant 67. If a producer (grass) has 100 units of energy and is eaten by a first order consumer (butterfly), how many units of energy does the first level consumer get out of the 100? If the first level consumer (butterfly) is eaten by a second level consumer (frog), how many units of the original 100 units of energy will the secondary consumer (frog) get? What about a third level consumer (hawk)?

5 1. ELUVIATION 2. RESOURCE 3. FLORA 4. CAPILLARY ACTION 5. HUMUS 6. RESOURCES 7. DESERTIFICATION 8. CONTOUR PLOUGHING 9. FAUNA 10. CAPITAL RESOURCE 11.STRIP CROPPING 12. HUMAN RESOURCES 13. LEACHING 14. COVER CROPPING 15. INORGANIC 16. TERRACING 17. RENEWABLE RESOURCE NEED OR WANT 2.MUST BE PROFITABLE 3. MUST HAVE TECHNOLOGY TO USE IT 19. PODZOL 20. LATASOL 21. CHERNOZEM TEXTURE 2. DEPTH 3. FERTILITY 23. SAND 24. SILT 25. CLAY 26. sand 30 %. silt 40 % clay 30 % 27. CULTURALLY SPECIFIC 28. INORGANIC MATTER, ORGANIC MATTER, WATER GASES AND LINKING FORMS (WORMS AND BUGS) 29. A TOPSOIL B SUBSOIL C ALTERED/ WEATHERED MATERIAL D PARENT MATERIAL/ BEDROCK CLIMATE 2. NATURE OF BEDROCK 3. TIME 4. HUMAN ACTIVITY per cent of sand per cent of clay per cent of silt EROSION 2. URBAN EXPANSION 3. DEGRADATION WATER 2. HIGH WINDS 3.HUMAN INTERFERNECE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS 2. CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS 3. CROP ROTATION STRIP CROPPING 2. COVER CROPPING 3. TERRACING 4. CONTOUR PLOUGHING 38. ENERGY 39. SUN 40. HERBIVORE 41. CARNIVORE 42. OMNIVORE 43. FLORA 44. HERBIVORE 45. ECOSYSTEM 46. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 47. CHLOROPHYLL 48. DECOMPOSERS 49. PRIMARY CONSUMER. SECONDARY CONSUMER 50. FOOD CHAIN % 52. FOOD WEB 53. FOOD PYRAMID 54. TROPHIC LEVEL 55.ENERGY DECREASES & THE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS DECREASE 56. D.D.T. 57. FAT SOLUBLE 58. BIOLOGICAL AMPLIFICATION 59. CLIMAX VEGETATION 60. POLAR ICE CAP & TUNDRA 61. TROPICAL RAINFOREST 62. TROPICAL RAINFOREST 63. SOUTH AMERICA, AFRICA & AUSTRALIA 64. BOREAL FOREST 65. EPIPHYTES 66. XEROPHYTES

Ecosystem- the network of relationships among plants, animals and the non-living constituents in an environment.

Unit 3: Ecosystems Outcome 3.1: Define Ecosystem: Ecosystem- the network of relationships among plants, animals and the non-living constituents in an environment. View figure 6.3 on page 94 of your text