Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report

Transcription

1 page 1 of 19 Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report The lighting in the includes very general lighting used in buildings with an office type setting. The fixture schedule for the Hall Corporate Headquarters can be located on my website as a separate file for download to allow for a smaller size of my existing conditions report. Typical 2 X 2 parabolic troffer fixtures are located in the meeting rooms, private offices and open office spaces. Downlights are used throughout the building to add to the light given by the parabolic troffers in certain areas. Recessed 1 x 4 troffers are used for the lighting in the restrooms. The lobby is mainly lit with pendant and recessed downlights. Wall sconces are also used to light the lobby. The exterior is lit with vertically mounted wall washers and flood lamps directed towards the buildings facade. The spaces I m going to focus on for my lighting redesign, existing lighting conditions are listed below. The IESNA hand book was used to determine design criteria and light level values to use a basis for design. Training room The following information is the data collected on the existing lighting conditions of the training room on the first floor of.

2 page 2 of 19 The training room is a space where employee training will take place within the office. The furniture used in this space is shown in the above floor plan with the dashed lines. This furniture will be individual desk areas for people to work and complete tasks. The lighting system used distributes a uniform level of light on the work plane. Luminaires Type 1 2 x 2 duralouver recessed troffer 3 deep parabolic louvers Features: matte anodized, low iridescent finish, 9 cells of louvers, static air handling, run on 277 V Catalog order data: Columbia P4D22-23U6F/G-MA33-S-EB8-277 Lamp: 2-F32T8U/SP35 2 fluorescent lamps, 32 watt, T8 size, U-bent, CRI 75, CCT 3500K, lumens 2850 Ballast: Electronic T8, compatible with 2-F32T8U/SP35 lamps Lights are three-way switched having two switch locations in the room. The first location is to the left of entrance doors coming from lobby. The other by there rear corner of the room where an exterior exit is located. At both locations 2 three-way switches are present to allow for all the lights to be switched on or for just half to be switched on depending on the amount of natural daylight entering the room. Type 2 8 round recessed downlight Features: 7 1/8 height, clear Alzak reflector, run on 277 V Catalog order data: Prescolite CFR826QUEB-ST492A Lamp: 2-CFQ26W 2 compact fluorescent lamps, 26 watt, quad tube, 4-pin, CRI 82, CCT 3500K, 1800 lumens Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 2-CFL26W lamps Luminaires located by entry door are on same three-way switch as the 2 x 2 troffers. Luminaires that are located by counter top on north way of room are on there on switch so they can be turned off when not needed.

3 page 3 of 19 Type 3 Surface mounted wide body wraparound Features: 15 x 48 in size 2 ½ in height, run on 277 V Catalog order data: Columbia WCW EB8-277 Lamp: 2-F32T8/SP35 2 fluorescent lamps, 32 watt, T8 size, CCT 3500K, CRI 86, 2800 lumens Ballast: Electronic T8, compatible with 2-F32T8/SP35 lamps Individual switch located just inside room. The space is a storage space for the training room. Type 4 2 x 4 duralouver recessed troffer 3 deep parabolic louver Features: matte anodized, low iridescent finish, 18 cells of louvers, run on 277 V Catalog order data: Columbia P4D24-332F/G-MA36-S-EB8-277 Lamp: 3-F32T8/SP35 3 fluorescent lamps, 32 watt, T8 size, CCT 3500K, CRI lumens Ballast: Electronic T8, compatible with F32T8/SP35 lamps Individual switch located just inside exterior door in back of room. This luminaire is used to light the vestibule from the outside to the training room. Room Finishes: The rooms floor will be carpeted with a shaw style carpet and have a north sea color with a reflectance of 30%. The walls will be painted with a clay beige color with reflectance of 52% and have an accent color of down pour blue with a reflectance of 50%. These reflectance values were assumed from similar color values so that approximate calculations could be run. The ceiling will have a 2 x 2 grid with standard white acoustical tiles. The ceilings will be assumed to have a reflectance of 80%. Furnishings: The training room will hold 34 workstations where employees will learn new skills. The workstations appear to be typical desk type stations on the architectural floor plan. The detail to these workstations isn t fully listed but I will go on the assumption that the work plane will be the standard 2-½ from the floor and have a flat surface. The front of the room by the main entrance will have a white board for writing information on.

4 page 4 of 19 Design Criteria: Design considerations: Direct Glare Glare from fixtures onto work plane; keep in compliance with luminance ratios as to reduce the chance for direct glare Daylight integration and control Large amount of windows located west and south walls. Work with coated glass and shading options to use this natural light as an advantage to save energy on the electric costs Computer VDT screen Laptops maybe used in this area; choose fixtures with proper cut off angles to reduce the glare from fixtures Facial rendering Space will have large amounts of people that interact with each other. Facial rendering will be of importance because of this interaction. Light distribution An even distribution of light is ideal for this space. Work plane should have uniform light level for proper working conditions. Horizontal illuminance 30 Fc Category D office space reading and writing task from IES Vertical illuminance 5 Fc Category B visual tasks, VDT use, from IES Luminance ratio Between paper task an adjacent VDT screen 3:1 Between task and adjacent dark surroundings 3:1 Between task and nonadjacent dark surfaces 10:1 Uniformity of ceiling Ratio of 8:1 from ceiling to VDT s with light backgrounds Ratio of 4:1 from ceiling to VDT s with dark backgrounds Ceiling shouldn t exceed 850 Cd/m^2, if is less then 425 Cd/m^2 ceiling uniformity isn t important and won t effect VDT screens

5 page 5 of 19 Power Density ASHRAE / IESNA Standard Energy standard for building except low rise residential buildings Office space/work room allowed to have 1.3 W/Ftˆ2 Training room is 1590 Sq. Ft. Allowable usage 1590 x 1.3 = 2067 watts 22 fixtures at 64 watts =1408 watts 4 fixtures at 57 watts = 228 watts 1 fixture 3 lamps at 34 watts = 102 watts 1 fixture 2 lamps at 34 watts = 64 watts Total for space = 1802 watts Total watts used is under allowed amount Power factor 1802/1590 = 1.13 W/Ft^2 Analysis of existing system: The current system gives the proper light levels needed for the space. Using the program AGI32 I calculated the light levels from the existing system. The file of these calculations can be found in my student P:drive at Penn State in the AE thesis folder file name trainingroom.a32. I assumed a light loss factor of 0.72 which should give a good approximation for the data. The 2 x 2 parabolic troffers put an average of Fc on the work plane with a maximum value of 65 Fc. This max value is only present in few points in the room. The excel spread sheet that calculates light levels in a space found that 42 Fc would be present on the work plane. The two values are very similar in comparison so these values are considered accurate. I will look into improving the power density and using other types of lightings systems. The ceiling height of 8-6 may restrict a different type of lighting system from being used. Lighting options that integrate the daylight entering the room will be a more effective study.

6 page 6 of 19 Medium conference room The following information is the data collected on the existing lighting conditions of the medium conference room on the third floor of. The same lights used in the training room were also used in the conference room. This spaces lighting could be a lot for interesting which in turn will make the room appear more unique. The small size of the room and large amounts of windows on the south west facing wall make the room challenging to light. The conference table will be centered in the room with chairs on either side. Luminaires Type 1 2 x 2 duralouver recessed troffer 3 deep parabolic louvers Features: matte anodized, low iridescent finish, 9 cells of louvers, static air handling, run on 277 V Catalog order data: Columbia P4D22-23U6F/G-MA33-S-EB8-277 Lamp: 2-F32T8U/SP35 2 fluorescent lamps, 32 watt, T8 size, U-bent, CRI 75, CCT 3500K, lumens 2850

7 page 7 of 19 Ballast: Electronic T8, compatible with 2-F32T8U/SP35 Lights are three-way switched having two switch locations in the room. The locations are just inside the entrance doors coming from the open office space. At both locations 2 three-way switches are present to allow for the troffer and downlights to be controlled separately depending on the amount of natural daylight entering the room. Type 2 8 round recessed downlight Features: 7 1/8 height, clear Alzak reflector, run on 277 V Catalog order data: Prescolite CFR826QUEB-ST492A Lamp: 2-CFQ26W 2 compact fluorescent lamps, 26 watt, quad tube, 4-pin, CRI 82, CCT 3500K, 1800 lumens Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 2-CFL26W lamps Lights are three-way switched having two switch locations in the room. The locations are just inside the entrance doors coming from the open office space. At both locations 2 three-way switches are present to allow for the troffer and downlights to be controlled separately depending on the amount of natural daylight entering the room. Room finishes The rooms floor will be carpeted with a shaw style carpet and have a steel color with a reflectance of 25%. The walls will be painted with a clay beige color with reflectance of 52%. The ceiling will have a 2 x 2 grid with standard white acoustical tiles in the center of the room and a plaster section around the perimeter of the room. The ceilings will be assumed to have a reflectance of 80%. Furnishings The space will have an oval shape conference table in the center of the room with a wood finish with 60% reflectance. There will be 8-10 chairs that will surround the table, reflectance of these chairs will be similar to that of the carpet and won t affect the lighting system that much. The carpet in the carpet in the conference room will have a reflectance of 25%. The reflectance values were assumed using typical data from similar types of surfaces

8 page 8 of 19 Design Criteria Design considerations Direct glare Reduce glare from fixtures onto work plane; keep in compliance with luminance ratios as to reduce the chance for direct glare Glare from windows to outside Use of coated glass and shading to help reduce glare and control the natural light entering from outside Glare from glass wall that separates conference room from open office Check fixture cuts off to Facial rendering Space will primarily be used for meetings where people will interact with each other. Facial rendering will be of high importance because of this interaction especially if video conferencing will be used Light distribution An even distribution of light is ideal for this space. Work plane should have uniform light level for proper working conditions. Horizontal illuminance 30 Fc category D, conference room meeting, from IES 50 Fc category E, video conferencing, from IES Vertical illuminance 5 Fc category B, conference room meeting, from IES 30 Fc category D, video conferencing, from IES VDT use and possible video conferencing may take place so those illuminance values were giving Luminance ratios Luminance ratios are very important in this space due to the facial rendering of the occupants. Luminances within the immediate view should not exceed a 3:1 from object (bright) to background (dark). Uniformity of ceiling Ratio of 8:1 from ceiling to VDT s with light backgrounds Ratio of 4:1 from ceiling to VDT s with dark backgrounds Ceiling shouldn t exceed 850 Cd/m^2, if is less then 425 Cd/m^2 ceiling uniformity isn t important and won t effect VDT screens

9 page 9 of 19 Power Density ASHRAE / IESNA Standard Energy standard for building except low rise residential buildings Conference room / meeting rooms are allowed to have 1.5 W/Ftˆ2 Conference room is 290 Sq. Ft. Allowable usage 314 x 1.5 = 471 watts 4 fixtures at 59 watts = 236 watts 9 fixtures at 57 watts = 513 watts Total for space = 749 watts Total watts used is over the allowed amount Power Density is 749/290 = 2.58 W/Ft^2 Analysis of existing system: The current lighting system used in the conference rooms gives higher values then the recommended amount of light needed for the space by the IES. The light levels on the work plane are an average of about 70 Fc. The average light level in the room is 55 Fc. The lighting design is very basic and plain which doesn t correspond to the unique shape of the room. The power density is over the allowed amount. In the new design I will attempt to lower the power density to under the allowed amount. Lowering the power density in the space may in turn lower the light levels in the space.

10 page 10 of 19 Lobby The following information is the data collected on the existing lighting conditions of the lobby on the first floor as you enter the main entrance to Hall Corporate Headquarters. The lobby is most interesting space in the building especially for a lighting design. The lighting design should give the space an uplifting feeling. This area is mainly a large open space that will house two cars and act as a small showroom. Downlights are the main lighting source in this area. Wall sconces are also used along the west and south walls.

11 page 11 of 19 Luminaires Type 1 Recessed adjustable pulldown downlight Features: 5-9/16 diameter apertures, 12-3/4 height, run on 277V Catalog order data: Prescolite 1586M MHFE Lamp: 1-70W PAR38 MH, 1-70W metal halide, CRI 82, CCT 3000K, 4800 lumens Ballast: Electronic, Compatible with 1-70W metal halide The lights in the lobby are controlled by a main control box located next to the reception desk. The lights can be individually turned on or off by switches located to the left of the reception desk as you enter the room from the main entrance. Type 2 Recessed downlight Features: 9-5/16 diameter aperture 8-9/16 height, run on 277V Catalog order data: Prescolite CFT932HEB-STF90H Lamp: 2-CFTT42W 2 compact fluorescent triple tube, 42 watt lamps, CRI 82, CCT 3500K, 1800 lumens Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 2- CFL42W lamps The lights in the lobby are controlled by a main control box located next to the reception desk. The lights can be individually turned on or off by switches located to the left of the reception desk as you enter the room from the main entrance. Type 3 Pendant downlight Features: cone shape aluminum shade, 10-3/4 diameter opening, run on 277 volts Catalog order data: D AC D5171-1F MG-BL Lamp: 1-CFQ26W 1 compact fluorescent lamp, 26 watt, quad pin, CRI 82, CCT 3500K,1800 lumens Ballast: Electronic HPF ballast The lights in the lobby are controlled by a main control box located next to the reception desk. The lights can be individually turned on or off by switches located to the left of the reception desk as you enter the room from the main entrance.

12 page 12 of 19 Type 4 Wall sconce Features: 16-3/8 height, 10-3/4 width, run on 277 V Catalog order data: BOYD Lamp: 1-CFQ26W 1 compact fluorescent lamp, 26 watt, CRI 82, CCT 3500K, 1800 lumens Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 1-CFL26W The lights in the lobby are controlled by a main control box located next to the reception desk. The lights can be individually turned on or off by switches located to the left of the reception desk as you enter the room from the main entrance. Type 5 8 round recessed downlight Features: 7 1/8 height, clear Alzak reflector, run on 277 V Catalog order data: Prescolite CFR826QUEB-ST492A Lamp: 2-CFQ26W 2 compact fluorescent lamps, 26 watt, quad tube, 4-pin Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 2 CFL26W lamps The lights in the lobby are controlled by a main control box located next to the reception desk. The lights can be individually turned on or off by switches located to the left of the reception desk as you enter the room from the main entrance. Room finishes The floor of the lobby is made of a tiled stone. There are two colors of stone which are black and beige. The floor will be polished on base which will create a shine on the stones surface. The reflectance of the tile black tile is 60% and of the beige tile is 60%. The walls that face onto the lobby and all corridors that are adjacent to the to the lobby will have a paint color of clay beige and have accent paint of color down pour blue which have reflectance s of 52% and 50%. The ceilings will be assumed to have a reflectance of 80%. Furnishings The lobby is an open circulations space and doesn t have any major furniture items. There will probably be some waiting area seats near the reception desks for people and clients visiting the building.

13 page 13 of 19 Showroom The lobby is designed to house two cars and act as a small showroom for the building. The cars will need to be well lit and have a nice shiny appearance to them. The lighting of the cars will be integrated with the general lighting of the space. Color rendering is of high importance in this area because of the paint on the cars. Design Criteria Design considerations Direct glare Reduce glare from fixtures onto work floor; keep in compliance with luminance ratios as to reduce the chance for direct glare Glare from windows to outside Use of coated glass and shading to help reduce glare and control the natural light entering from outside Daylight integration and control Large amount of windows located on the curved southwest facing wall. Work with coated glass to use this natural light as an advantage to save energy on the electric costs Appearance This space should be welcoming to employees, clients and visitors. The lighting in this space should set a standard for the lighting in the rest of the building. Many people will see this area on a daily basis so the lighting should be interesting to make the space more lively. Lighting the high walls can bring a persons eye to the second floor. Points of interest The reception desk will be the main point of interest. The lighting in the area should draw an occupant to this space so that they can receive direction through the rest of the building. Horizontal illuminance 10 Fc Category C, office lobbies reception areas, from IES 30 Fc Category D, office space reading and writing task, from IES Vertical illuminance 3 Fc Category A, office lobbies reception areas, from IES

14 page 14 of 19 Power Density ASHRAE / IESNA Standard Energy standard for building except low rise residential buildings Lobby circulation space can have 1.3 W/Ftˆ2 An additional 1.0 W/Ft^2 can be added for decorative lighting Lobby is 1167 Sq. Ft. Allowable usage 1167 x 1.3 = watts 8 fixtures at 70 watts = 560 watts 4 fixtures at 30.6 watts = watts 5 fixture at 30.6 watts = 153 watts 6 fixture at 40 watts = 240 watts Total for space = watts Total watts used is under allowed amount Power density is /1167 = 0.91 W/Ft^2 Analysis of existing system: The current system gives proper light levels of 20 Fc on the floor plane in this circulation space. A very basic rendering was constructed in AGI32 to find the light levels on the floor plane. The excel sheet calculating light levels calculated averages between 10 Fc and 20 Fc. The lighting system is mainly all downlights with some wall scones that are used as accents. The large stairwell leading to the second floor could be emphasized more with a new lighting design.

15 page 15 of 19 Exterior: The following information is the data collected on the existing lighting conditions of the exterior of the.

16 page 16 of 19 The exterior façade of the is lit using exterior wallwasher lamps. The buildings front façade is also washed with four flood lamps. The unique walkway leading to the building should be more emphasized with the new lighting design. Luminaires Type 1 Exterior wallwasher lamp Features: rectangular housing, run on 277 V Catalog order data: DEVINE B625-5L-70MH-277-DBZ Lamp: 2-70W MH 2 lamps, 70 watt metal halide, CRI 85, CCT 3000, 6200 initial lumens Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 100W MH lamp The exterior lights are controlled by a control system located within the building. Type 2 Exterior flood lamp Features: Swivel mount, dark bronze in color, run on 277V Catalog order data: STERNER PL6-100MH-RW-277-SW-ST-BZ Lamp: 1-100W MH, CRI 85, CCT 3000K, lumens 9500 Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 100W MH lamp The exterior lights are controlled by a control system located within the building. Type 3 Exterior flood lamp Features: Swivel mount, dark bronze in color, run on 277V Catalog order data: STERNER PL6-100MH-SP-277-SW-ST-BZ Lamp: 1-100W MH, CRI 85, CCT 3000K, lumens 9500 Ballast: Electronic, compatible with 100W MH lamp The exterior lights are controlled by a control system located within the building.

17 page 17 of 19 Finishes The exterior of has a brick façade. The reflectance of the brick is assumed to be 30 %. There is metal cladding around the windows and on the circular roof structure. The entrance area has a covered metal canopy. The wall to the roof of the building above the canopy is constructed of metal with large amounts of glazing. The glazing is highly reflective because of its shiny appearance it has a reflectance assumed to be 75%. The entrance canopy will be a main focus for the lighting. The walkway to the building is constructed out of brick and cement. Furnishings There are no furnishings in the area since it is an exterior. There may be some benches but they will not affect the lighting system. Design Criteria Appearance of space Spaces architectural features should be brought out with lighting. The building should look prominent compared to the dark background. Direct glare Keep in compliance with luminance ratios as to reduce the chance for direct glare Vertical Illuminance For flood lighting values between 50 Fc and 100 Fc are listed as averages by the IES Luminance ratios Ratio of 20:1 between the building being illuminated and the surrounding or neighboring sites Main focal points The buildings entrance is the main focal point of the exterior lighting. Other points of interest will be the circular roof structure and the entrance walk way Light pollution Be sure to stay within accordance with local and state laws about light pollution onto adjacent properties.

18 page 18 of 19 Power Density ASHRAE / IESNA Standard Energy standard for building except low rise residential buildings Building entrance with canopy 3 W/Ftˆ2 Building entrance without canopy 33 W/Lin. Ft. Building exit 20 W/Lin. Ft. Building Facades 0.25W/Ftˆ2 Exterior front facade is approximately 5200 Sq. Ft. Exterior side façade is approximately 4050 Sq. Ft. Exterior back façade is approximately 9300 Sq. Ft. Total building façade Sq. Ft = 18,550 Sq. Ft. Allowable usage for facade x 0.25 = 4637 watts 4 fixtures at 129 watts = 516 watts 14 fixtures at 2 lamps each 88 watts = 2464 watts 2 fixtures at 129 watts = 258 watts (not on façade ) Total for space = 2980 watts < 4637 watts Total watts used is under the allowed amount Analysis of existing system: The lighting used to light the exterior of the is sufficient. For my redesign I would like to make the lighting more interesting and make the building standout more. The current watts per square foot used are under the allowable watts per square foot. These additional watts could be used to accent the circular roof structure or light the walkway to the building.

19 page 19 of 19 Conclusion This concludes my analysis of the existing lighting conditions and design criteria in the. Many assumptions were made in order to come up with the design criteria and lighting calculation. For the lighting calculations I assumed a light loss factor of 0.72 which was a combination of the lamp lumen depreciation, luminaire dirt deprecation, room surface dirt depreciation, and ballast factor losses. These assumptions were made by comparison to other lighting systems and information found on lighting manufacturers web pages. The four spaces that I have choose to use in my redesign and described in detail above were chosen merely on their uniqueness and that each type of space was needed to fulfill the requirements of my thesis project. The thesis project is being conducted as a student study and in no way saying there is error in the existing design. The excel sheet calculating light levels was used only as a critique of the lighting system. These calculations were computed by people at Clark Nexsen. The overall lighting scheme is very basic and I look to create a more interesting design through unique lighting fixtures and layout.