St. Elizabeths Hospital/West Campus Landscape Character-Defining Features

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Gervase Harmon
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1 The following list of landscape character-defining features is taken directly from Chapter VII of the 2007 St. Elizabeths West Campus Cultural Landscape Report by Heritage Landscapes and Robinson & Associates, Inc. The numbers are keyed to show location on Plan VII.2, 2007 Campus Contributing Features Location Plan. numbers are tied to the locational grid on the plan. refers to contributing features as determined by the, and refers to inclusion in the 1993 Historic Resources Management Plan documentation (if applicable). Natural Systems and Features Natural Systems and Features N1 All Prehistoric Anacostia River dynamics shape campus landforms N2 3b, 3c, Woodland cover on north slope 3f, 3g N4 5i, 5j, Woodland cover on west slope 5m, 5q Land Uses and Cultural Traditions No Land Uses and Cultural Traditions L1 All Landscape maintenance activity L3 All Therapeutic use of the hospital landscape L4 3 Agricultural and horticultural land uses L5 4 Service and support land uses L7 5 Veneration of Civil War cemetery Spatial Organization and Land Patterns Spatial Organization and Land Patterns O1 All Hospital boundary and total acreage O2 1 Unit 1: Therapeutic, Ornamental Landscape and Overlook around Center Building and Main Gate O3 1j, 1k, 1l Landscape north of Center Building: Lawn with trees shaped by the system of drives and framed by building mass O4 1k, 1o Landscape south of Center Building: Lawn with trees shaped by the system of drives and framed by building mass Page 1 of 8

2 O5 1j Athletic Field Landscape O6 1l, 1p, 2p East Allison Landscape: lawn with trees and summerhouses O7 2 Unit 2: Therapeutic, Ornamental Landscape around Pavilions and Secondary Entrances. O8 2t, 2x Parade ground west of Administration Building: Lawn and trees framed by Buildings A, B, C and M O9 3 Unit 3: Agricultural Landscape of Greenhouses, Fields and North Slope O10 1g, 3g Point Landscape: Open lawn with individual trees O12 3h, 3l Burroughs Cottage Landscape O13 4 Unit 4: Service Landscape and Ravine around Power House and Service Buildings O14 5 Unit 5: Civil War Cemetery and West Slope O15 5i Civil War Cemetery with trees over lawn Views and Visual Relationships Views and Visual Relationships V1 1, 2, 3 Views of walls and West Campus gates along Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue V2 1k, 1g Expansive vista north to the Monumental Core City and beyond V3 1j, 1n, 1o Episodic views and vistas from high ground of Unit 1 to rivers and Monumental Core V4 1l Slot views to Monumental Core from Cedar Drive V5 1j, 1k, 1l Visual zone north of Center Building: Lawn with trees shaped by the system of drives and framed by building mass V6 1k, 1o Visual zone south of Center Building: Lawn with trees shaped by the system of drives and framed by building mass V7 1j Athletic Field visual zone V8 1l, 1p, 2p East Allison visual zone: lawn with trees and summerhouses Page 2 of 8

3 V9 4s Visual relationship between the architecture of the Monumental Core and the Power House towers V10 2t, 2x Visual zone at parade ground west of Administration Building: Lawn and trees framed by Buildings A, B, C and M V11 2s Slot view to Monumental Core at Buildings J and K V12 1k, 1g, 3k, 3g Views over Anacostia and Potomac confluence to northwest V13 1, 3, 5 Perception of river access V14 1k, 1g, 3a, 3b, Visual zone of Point Landscape with trees, lawn, 3c, 3f, 3g and views across agricultural fields and orchards V15 3, 5 Views across wooded areas V16 3, 5 Views from points across the river to the Topographic Bowl of the wooded Anacostia River bank and St. Elizabeths Hospital V17 3h, 3l Burroughs Cottage visual zone V18 4 Internal views of service and industrial landscape V19 5i, 5j Slot view to Monumental Core from Civil War Cemetery V20 5i Internal views of Civil War Cemetery Topography and Drainage Topography and Drainage D1 1, 2 Prehistoric Anacostia River bank plateau D2 2, 3, 4, 5 Slopes and ravines separating the historic campus from related service and agricultural landscapes D6 3g Overlook north of Golden Raintree Drive D9 3f, 3g Intermittent stream between Golden Raintree Drive and Sweetgum Lane D10 4s Power House ravine D11 5q, 5r, 5v Intermittent stream along SW property line Vegetation Vegetation T1 1, 2 Trees in an arboretum style planting over turf (approximately 312 historic trees remain today) Page 3 of 8

4 T2 1l Holly trees east of Staff Residence 3 and west of Gatehouse 1 T3 1k, 1j, 3l Specimen tree plantings north and northwest of Center Building (Southern magnolia, American holly, cedar, beech, maple, American elm, and English elm) T4 1k, 1o Specimen tree plantings at south/southeast lawn of Center Building (Southern Magnolia, American Holly, Willow Oak, Silver Maple, Bald Cypress. Pine and Gingko no longer remain.) T5 1o Grove of magnolia trees southwest of rear entry to Center Building T6 1n, 1o Shade trees near location of former West Lodge (White oak. Willow oak no longer remains.) T7 1o Shagbark hickory west of Detached Dining Hall and Kitchen T8 1p Perimeter willow oaks north of Gate 2, East of Allison Building T9 1l, 1p Lawn plantings east/southeast of Allison Complex (Southern Magnolia, Horse Chestnut, Linden, Hickory, Willow Oak, and Ash) T10 1g Shade trees at Promontory lookout (Willow oak, pin oak, honeylocust) T12 1l White oak allée from Gatehouse 1 to East 3 Willow Building T14 1k Shrubs north of Pine Building toward Loop Road 6 T15 1k Formal Garden at plantings at Southern entrance to Center Building T17 \2p Shade trees at Gatehouse 2 (ginkgo, beech, horse chestnut, linden, elm) 1 16 T18 2p Allée/hedgerow north of B Building 4 T19 2t Oak allée/hedgerow East of L Building 5 T20 2t, 2x Flower beds at Buildings A, B, C, M, and Q T21 3l Flowers beds north of main loop road near 2 Burroughs Cottage T23 3g, 3h, 3l Horticulture and food crops near greenhouses T24 2w, 5w, 2s, 4s, 4r, 4o, 4n, 5i, 5j, 3f, 3g, 3k, 3j Woodland along west slopes toward Anacostia River, along northwest, west, and southwest property boundaries (Oak, beech, maple, elm species) 18 T25 3f, 3g High quality woodland patch with older specimens in ravine along Sweetgum Lane Page 4 of 8

5 T26 4s, 4r High quality woodland patch with older specimens in the ravine south of the Power House T27 4n Older specimen trees on the hillside north of Holly Street leading to the Warehouse and Laundry Building T28 5w High quality woodland with older specimens along the West Campus perimeter due west of the parking lot associated with Q Building T29 5i, 5j Older specimen trees in and around the Civil War Cemetery Circulation Circulation C1 1, 2 Graceful and sweeping pedestrian circulation pattern C2 1p Herringbone brick walk between Allison D and Relief and around the base of Relief and Allison Buildings C3 1p Herringbone brick walk west of Allison A toward 32 Atkins Hall C4 1n, 1o, 1j, 1k, Herringbone brick walkway at base of Center, 33 1l, 1p Holly, Linden, and Detached Nurses C5 1k, 1l, 1o, 1p Brick patio between Holly and Detached Nurses 59 C6 1k, 1l Concrete curvilinear walk parallel to Cedar Drive 29 C7 1o Concrete walkway at south lawn of Center 30 Building C8 1n, 1o Aggregate paved walkway at former West Lodge 31 entrance C9 2s Paved concrete walk south of L Building 34 C10 2x Paved concrete walk connecting E Building 35 toward L Building C11 1, 2 Graceful and sweeping vehicular circulation pattern C12 1, 2 Narrow radii historic drop-off loops at building entrances C15 1k, 1g, 3k, 3g Golden Raintree Drive layout (Paved loop road 22 from Main Loop Road to promontory) C16 1k, 1o, 1j, 1n, Cedar Drive and Sweetgum Lane layout (Paved 23 3f, 1l Main Loop Road at Upper plateau/portion of Lowlands) C17 2t, 2x Two road intersection triangles on Redwood Drive C18 2x Vehicular and pedestrian underpass under Martin Luther King Avenue 19 Page 5 of 8

6 C19 2p, 2t Granite curb along roadway from Quadrangle to 54 Gatehouse 2 C20 2s, 2t Spruce Street and Redwood Drive Loop (Paved 24 Loop Road at Richardson Quadrangle) C21 2s Willow Street and Plum Street loop layout C22 2p, 2t Paved Entrance drive at Gatehouse 2 25 C23 2t, 2x Paved Road East of A, B, C, and M Buildings 27 C24 2p Paved road south of Staff Residence 28 C25 3j, 5i Unpaved agricultural road between Cemetery and Sweetgum Lane C26 3l Paved Road to Greenhouse from Main Loop Road 26 C27 5m, 5q, 5r, 4r Unpaved carriage trail at southwestern property 20 line C28 4o, 4s Unpaved road west of Ice Plant 21 C29 3, 4, 5 Single-track railroad spur route to N property line 60 Landscape Structures Landscape Structures S1 1j Domed metal arbor adjacent to Staff Residence 2 S2 1p Gazebo, East of Allison C, (herringbone brick 36 paving at base) S3 1p Gazebo, South of Home and Relief Buildings 37 S4 1k Decorative iron fence at south side of Center 44 Building at eastern garden courtyard S5 1o Iron pipe Railing East of Bakery/General Kitchen, 45 along path from Center Building S6 1k Iron railing at southern entrance to Center 46 Building S7 1o Brick foundation at site of West Lodge 51 S8 1n, 1o Concrete Retaining Wall at site of former West 42 Lodge S9 1n Concrete stairway at loading dock in vicinity of 57 West Lodge site S10 1j Brick steps at western lawn of Center Building 58 S11 1p, 1l, 3l, 3h Brick wall at perimeter of hospital from 39 Greenhouse Complex to area of Gatehouse 2 S12 1k Tennis Lawn Area, northeast of Center Building 38 S13 1k Iron bollard at junction of former carriage trail 48 and turnaround at northern Center Building entrance S14 2s Iron drainage grate at Toner/Oaks Complex Road 55 Page 6 of 8

7 S15 2p, 2t, 2x, 2w Brick wall at perimeter of hospital from south of 40 [b] Gatehouse 2 to Administration (A) Building S16 2p, 2t, 2x, 2w Stone wall at perimeter of hospital from 40 [a] Administration (A) Building to Building Q S17 2s Brick and iron rail retaining wall at site of Toner 43 Building S19 3l Stone walls with cobble and dental caps at the Greenhouses S20 3l Retaining Wall east of drive to Greenhouses 41 S21 4o Stone walls with dental caps and integrated steps at the Ice Plant S22 4o Bluestone steps on hillside from construction 56 shops to ice plant S23 4, 5 Chain link perimeter fence S24 5r Brick perimeter segment wall along SW property edge Constructed Water Features Constructed Water Features W2 1k Small fountain at the garden courtyard east of southern entry to Center Building 52 Small-scale Features, Furnishings and Objects Small-scale Features, Furnishings and Objects F5 1k Concrete birdbath or fountain in east side of the courtyard at the south façade of Center Building F6 1k Concrete birdbath in west side of the courtyard at the south façade of Center Building F7 1k Lamp bases flanking southern entrance to Center Bldg F8 1p Bird bath or fountain east of rear entry to Hagan 53 Hall F10 1, 2 Historic fire hydrants F11 1, 2, 3 Wood slat and metal strap benches F12 2t, 2x Wood slat benches with concrete legs F14 3l Concrete and stone planter and birdbath in the sunken garden at the Greenhouse Complex F15 5i Civil War Cemetery, 200 exposed headstones arranged in 22 rows 47 Page 7 of 8

8 Archaeological Sites Archaeological Sites A1 1g Prehistoric potential at the Golden Raintree Drive Point: evidence includes a cluster of prehistoric artifacts including shaped stones A2 3f, 3j 19th-century hospital-era potential in orchard: Surface remnants include the foundation footprint of an early 19th century building, fence posts, American holly (Ilex opaca) orchard rows, and historic road beds A3 4r, 4s 20th-century hospital-era potential at Power House ravine dump: Artifacts include utilitarian china, among other artifacts from the first half of the 20th century A4 5i Civil War era potential at the Civil War Cemetery: surface and subsurface Civil War era materials, metal crosses inside and outside of fence 50 Page 8 of 8

ST. ELIZABETHS WEST CAMPUS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORT

ST. ELIZABETHS WEST CAMPUS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORT A. WEST CAMPUS LANDSCAPE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES This chapter provides treatment guidelines for the St. Elizabeths Hospital West Campus cultural landscape.