HISTORIC CENTRES OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES ASPIRANTS TO THE TITLE OF CULTURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS

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1 10th International Conference for Cultural Tourism in Europe CULTURAL VALUES, DIVERSITY AND HERITAGE: PILLARS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM FOR DEVELOPMENT HISTORIC CENTRES OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES ASPIRANTS TO THE TITLE OF CULTURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS SIBIU, September 2017

2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES -the assessment of the historical centres of industrial cities from cultural tourism perpective of development. -to reveal a rediscovery of the multiple significances of the industrial towns as cultural centres, grounded in the management of local resources (material and human). -challenges: the need for conservation ( interventions to avoid degradation/loss of the industrial monuments ) and the sustainable reuse of industrial monuments ( as cultural goods ) - the variety forms of capitalization

3 METHODOLOGY -documentation (heritage importance, typology of industrial monuments, definition and delimitation of historic centres of industrial towns, models of good practice in terms of sustainable development / adaptive reuse) -field trips (inventory, observation of condition, data collection) -mapping (2D, 3D models ) -analysis and proposal for cultural tourism development Figure 1. Queries results about attributive information related to old workers houses in Petrosani municipality

4 HERITAGE VALUE OF THE INDUSTRIAL MONUMENTS Historical value Architectural value - physical construction Technical value Industrial landscape described as cultural landscape Aesthetic value Results of the hundreds of years of human use

5 ECONOMIC VALUE Traditional use versus functional redundancy of the industrial units Reuses (adaptive reuse) -accommodation units -cooking and eating facilities -art museums -offices for cultural and creative industries -technical museums Cultural reuse of decommissioned industrial buildings / sites -an instrument of the regeneration of functionally-reorganized territories on an economic decline and enhances the cultural and architectural significances of the them and prolong their existence Igates pils Dzirnavas - former water mill reused as restaurant -Latvia (Source: Merciu C., 2015) D'Orsay railway station art museum (Source: Cercleux L., 2014) Former Zollverein Coal Mine Technical Museum today (source:

6 Historical nature the town: entire town historical character of historic urban complexes (contain most valuable assets related to the development of human civilization = "groups of buildings, structures and open spaces, constituting human settlements in an urban or rural environment, the cohesion and value of which, from architectural, preistoric, historic, aesthetic or socio-cultural point of view are recognized (UNESCO, 1976) Historic character includes: -specific urban patterns: morphological, functional and structural integrity (lots and narrow streets) -buildings may not have a special architectural value in themselves, but should be safeguarded due to their organic unity, technological, spatial decorative and chromatic characteristics (Cracow, 2000) -the formal appearance of buildings (scale, size, style, construction, materials, colour etc.) -relation between buildings and green and open spaces -various functions of the towns acquired over time -social and cultural practices and values Evaluation of the objects of urban space from the point of view of attractiveness for tourists: -exhibit an important interchange of human values within a cultural area of the world, on developments of architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design -presence of monumental buildings (castles, residential buildings, cathedrals, forts, historic industrial plants and fabric) -dominant historical landscape -co-existance of the urban historical city together with the specific features of the natural environment (the organisation of urban space) -specific characteristics due to their functions in the past epochs (medieval, mining towns, city with a military function, centres of pilgrimage, nineteenthcentury industrial cities) -authenticity: maintenance of the original material, together with the characteristic features of creation (layout, work of art in its original form) and elapsed time (sign of wear and aging) -modern function (including the tourist function)

7 Historical centres of the industrial cities. Case study: Petrosani town, (Hunedoara County) - Colonia workers borough - historical centre its age architectural pattern first stage of habitation (mid 19 th century) -listed as historical urban ensemble by the Department for Historical Monuments, Ensembles and Sites (List of Historical Monuments, 2015) -history of the settlement: 1640 a small rural village -construction of the workers borough in a mere 3 years due to extractive industry -currently, the "Colonia seems to be an enclave, as there is a visible contrast, from the point of view of the height of buildings and manner of construction, to the residential buildings that were successively built around the old borough -the workers borough consists exclusively in houses, whose original aspect is unchanged -similarities with the type of workers settlements built in Germany Figure 2. 3D view of the historic urban fabric of Petrosani municipality Figure 3. Worker houses Colonia historic neighborhood

8 * Historical centres of the industrial cities. Case study: Petrosani town, (Hunedoara County) German influence in the manner of construction of the houses consists in their arrangement in space (gabled-roof houses and alignment alongside the road). The homes are one-floor brick constructions The Colonia borough is inhabited by mining-industry workers and employees of state-owned railway company (Figure 6). Figure 4. Buildings with a socio-cultural role listed as historical monuments: Former the Workers' Casino(Merciu C., 2014) Figure 5. Miners houses Figure 6. Administrative building of the state railway company in the Colonia neighbourhood

9 Figure 7. Livezeni Mine (Petroşani) Figure 8. Mining Museum Map of tourist attractions -Petrosani town

10 * Most buildings inside the old workers borough are in a moderate state of conservation, but there are some buildings in an advanced state of deterioration, too 4 measures for the urban regeneration : major interventions fo emergency restoration, restoration, conservation, redevelopment by way of cultural conversion Categories of physical quality of the historical monuments in the Colonia workers borough Solutions suggested for the regeneration of the historical core of the municipality of Petrosani

11 -the precarious physical condition of some of the workers houses -the renovation of the heritage buildings is a difficult process as a result of the limitations placed by extant legislation - the modernization of the urban infrastructure Suggestions for the tourist valorisation of industrial objectives -preservation of the old workers borough (renovation actions) and several to be included in the turist circuit -multiple cultural promotions actions that would confer cultural vitality (the presence of the theatre might be put to best use by several outdoors performances (several inside the historic neighborhood), dealing with various topics, including some connected to the history of the region, such as reflected in the works of local authors, for instance writer Ion Dezideriu Sarbu). -abandoned houses host of creative industries

12 -presence of the two types of workers boroughs (the 19th-century one and the Communistperiod one) mark two distinct historical phases in the evolution of the town of Petrosani, contributing to deciphering the town s history. -industrial architecture has been assimilated by the environment where it was born and it has become a defining feature of the town of Petrosani -the suggestions for urban regeneration are related to the tourist valorisation of industrial heritage conservation of the old workers borough the transformation of the historical core of the municipality of Petrosani into a dynamic cultural space negative urban image to change the socio-economic evolution of a poor borough, with a to end the anonymity of the old quarter by identifying its particular features and by their cultural valorization (cultural services, creative industries, abandoned houses converted included in the tourist circuit). -these solutions require the involvement of the local public administration and the population

13 * UNESCO (1976): Recommendation concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas * Cracow (2002): The Charter of Krakow Principles for the Conservation of Built Heritage * Faracik Robert, (2014), Which cities are historic? An attempt to define the phenomen in the context of tourism development opportunities, In Zsolt Radics, Janos Penzes, Enhancing competitiveness of the V4 historic cities to develop tourism. Spatial-economic cohesion and competitiveness in the context of tourism * Piccinato G. (1993), All cities are historic (but some more than others), In Bogdani-Czepita, M., Bronski K., Gorlich K., Purchla J., (eds.), managing historic cities, International Cultural Centre, Krakow, * Merciu Cristina, Merciu George-L., Paraschiv Mirela, 2014, Industrial heritage assessment in the light of the cultural regeneration: challenges, opportunities and solutions for reuse, Annals of Professional Association of Geographers of Romania, 5 (5): * Merciu Cristina, Merciu George, 2014, GIS solutions adapted to the needs of local public administration in the urban regeneration of the old centre of Petrosani municipality (Hunedoara County), Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, vol. 4 (17), pp

14 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! "This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CCCDI-UEFISCDI, project number 69/2017 COFUND-ENSUF-BRIGHT FUTURE, within PNCDI III". This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No