Lincoln Townscape Assessment. Great Northen Terrace Inherited Character Area Statement

Transcription

1 Lincoln Townscape Assessment Great Northen Terrace Inherited Character Area Statement June 2009

2 Table of Contents Overview 1 Historical Development 2 Urban form 6 Views 10 Condition of Buildings and Streetscape 11 Use 12 Relationship to City and Surrounding Areas 13 Key Townscape Characteristics 14 Appendix 1: Character Area Attributes 15 Appendix 2: List of RAZs 16 Appendix 3: List of Ecological Sites 18 Appendix 4: Historical Components which influence the current character 19 Appendix 5: Townscape GIS Layers 20

3 Overview Great Northern Terrace Character Area is a mixed-use area to the east of the city centre including retail, industrial, residential and recreation uses. Its use for industry and large out of town retail has been influenced by its position on the floodplain in the River Witham valley as this has left the area relatively undeveloped in comparison with other areas in such close proximity to the city centre. Much of the former rural character of the area has been overwritten by successive phases of industrialdevelopment since the early Industrial Period. Served by the river and later railway, formerly marginal open land within the Character Area was the ideal location for industries. Buildings in the current townscape illustrate one of the most significant phases of industrial growth of the city during the 19 th and early 20 th centuries. The phase of growth changed the townscape of the city as a whole, encouraging residential development and the expansion of Lincoln as a commercial centre. The area remains the industrial heart of Lincoln, with many earlier buildings adapted for use by modern industries as well as offices. The area is bordered and divided by strong impermeable features such as three railway lines and a river, leading to large urban blocks and poor connectivity. Within urban blocks, development is mainly arranged around cul-de-sacs. Buildings are large in scale with regular, rectangular footprints. Properties are often one very tall storeyin height to accommodate manufacturing and storage functions. The large building footprints, wide roads, and large areas of open space around buildings create a horizontal emphasis overall. Buildings are predominantly detachedand situated in their own plots, but there are also a few rows of attached properties, and some groups of buildings within industrial estates. Several of the largest buildings are subdivided for multiple occupation. The majority of buildings are individual in design and of solid brick construction or steel frame with a variety of other materials for cladding. The solid brick examples tend to be the earlier warehouse buildings. Properties are generally plain, with limited decoration, and few windows and doors. Many older buildings have been converted from industrial to office and residential use. Industrial units have high boundaries around the perimeter of the plot in a variety of materials. The public/private boundary between retail/commercial units and the road tends to be more permeable and less clearly defined. There are also many open spaces, including extensive areas of car parking within plots, yards and green spaces such as the river and drain corridors, and grass and planted verges. Vitalityis fairly high due to the numbers of staff and visitors using the area but this is mainly confined to business hours. Some leisure-related uses have extended opening hours. The Character Area is situated between built-up areas of the city and its rural fringe. As a result there are both rural views along the waterways and onto the south escarpment and urban views to the north onto the Cathedral and upper city on the north escarpment. Page 1 of 22

4 Historical Development Great Northern Terrace Character Area is a low-lying area located in the base of the Witham Valley in the east of the city. The area stretches from near the city centre to within half a mile of the city boundary, occupying a large extent of the lower Witham Valley. Accessible by river and later by rail, this part of Lincoln has long been associated with the city s heavy industries, although land-use is now a mixture of light industrial, commercial, and residential. Despite changes in use, parts of the former heavy industrial character of the area survive in the Modern townscape, notably along the River Witham and along Canwick Road. Land at the base of the Witham Valley has been subject to the flooding by the River Witham since the formation of the valley some time before the Anglian glaciation (478, ,000 years B.P). Since the Prehistoric Era [10,000 BC 90 AD] the river has functioned as an important transport route, connecting this area with The Wash estuary. Much of the lower land in the Character Area has historically been subject to flooding and waterlogging, and would most likely have been used as meadowland for grazing cattle, hunting for wildfowl, fishing and the collection of reeds during Lincoln s early history. However, during the Prehistoric Era [10,000 BC 60 AD] the shortest crossing point of the river may have been located in the vicinity of Stamp End lock, and as a result an early causeway may have been constructed across the river. Correspondingly, higher land on the escarpment slope to the north of the Character Area may also have been a focus for Prehistoric settlement or activity. The function of land in the Character Area in the subsequent Roman Military [60-90 AD] and Roman Colonia [ AD] Eras is unclear. However, any early crossing point was abandoned in favour of a new causeway to the east, along the line of the Modern High Street. Wetland bordering the River Witham during the Roman and Early Medieval Eras [ AD] was probably an important resource for wildfowling, fishing and the collecting of fuel and thatching materials. The area may have been part of the legionary territorium, a swathe of land surrounding major Roman fortresses in which agricultural production and services were dedicated to the service of the legion. During the High Medieval Era [ AD] land to the north of the river was permanent pasture, and formed part of the Monks Leys Estate based around the St. Mary Magdalene s Priory Cell to the north of the Character Area. South of the river, parts of the Character Area to the east of Great Northern Way were within a large open common belonging to Canwick village. Much of the Character Area would have been meadows or open grassland used for the grazing of livestock, a practice which continues in some remaining open areas to the south of the Character Area. A lane, known as Dovecote Lane, along the south side of Sincil Dyke was probably established during the same Era, connecting the city centre with rural areas to the east. Although forming part of the monks estate, much of the land north of the river consisted of open fields grazed by local inhabitants. Rights of common on this land appear to have continued after the dissolution of the monasteries between 1536 and 1541 until the late 19 th century. Drier land north of the river was probably enclosed during the Early Industrial [ AD] Period. Land to the south of the river was held in common until the enclosure of common lands in the parish of Canwick by an Act of Parliament in However, much of the wetter land bordering the river remained as unenclosed wetland until later drainage works in the 19 th century. It is likely from at least Roman times, if not before, that trading vessels moving along the River Witham were unloading and loading on the riverbanks within the Character Area. If such a structure existed, the Stamp End causeway may have proved an obstacle for some boats travelling further up stream. Certainly by the High Medieval Era, several wharves would have been located along the banks of the River Witham within the Character Area. It is likely that during this period, if not possibly before, the river became improved both as a result of the construction of wharves but also for reasons of flood management. Sincil Dyke, which runs through the centre of the Character Area is likely to date to the High Medieval period. The watercourse, which drained land to the south west of the Character Area, may have served as a defensive feature around the south of the city. Since its construction the dyke has frequently been re-engineered, and parts of the current concrete reinforced channel (1963-4) may differ from the original medieval course. By the early 19 th century, if not earlier, Sincil Dyke appears to have discharged into the River Witham approximately 50m upstream of the current Stamp End locks. One former channel of the drain, now marked by the area of car parking north west of where the railway crosses the drain, was later the location of the Clayton and Shuttleworth s Dock Basin built in the Early Industrial Period. Engineering works to the River Witham, aimed at improving its drainage and maintaining a navigable channel, were conducted in the Early Industrial Period. This stage of works probably entailed the canalisation and embankment of the river to its current course, although the river had previously been embanked. The North and South Delphs, which run either side of the River Witham, also appear to have been constructed as catchwater drains at this point. Shortly after its construction, South Delph appears to have been joined with Sincil Dyke when it was diverted c It is likely that land either side of the newly embanked watercourses were improved and enclosed shortly after the engineering works. Lincoln experienced a period of relative prosperity during the Early Industrial Period, and it is likely that the southern banks of the River Witham were re-developed and consolidated at this point. Industry settled close to the water s edge allowing for the loading Page 2 of 22

5 of goods on and off barges and other vessels. Long plots to the rear of waterside buildings extended south as far as Sincil Dyke. A handful of the former plot boundaries survive in the alignment of buildings in the current townscape, including the front façade of the Siemens building facing Melville Street and the stark change in orientation of buildings to the south of the Montague Street footbridge over the River Witham. Canwick Road, which forms much of the western boundary of the Character Area, was constructed in 1843 as a turnpike road linking the eastern side of the city with Canwick and Lincoln s rural hinterland to the south and east. During the mid to late 19 th century several railway lines were constructed through the Character Area. In 1848 a line, which forms much of the northern boundary of the area, was built to connect Lincoln with Market Rasen. Part of the southern boundary of the Character Area is demarked by the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway line built in The railway lines, both of which still operate today, were catalysts for Lincoln s economic growth during the Post-Railway Expansion [ AD] and Late Victorian/Edwardian [ AD] Periods. A third line, the GNR Loop line, was built in c.1847 on land in between the River Witham and South Delph. A number of railway sidings associated with the line survive to the south of the bus depot on Great Northern Terrace, and a strip of grassland along the south side of South Delph to the east marks the route of the line, which was decommissioned in During the mid to late 19 th century the GNR Honington Railway Line (c.1867) and the Avoiding Railway Line (c.1882) were constructed and still significantly influence the character of the area. A long curving footpath leading north from Canwick Road to Great Northern Terrace marks the route of the former Honington Railway Line and defines part of the eastern edge of the Character Area. The railway siding associated with the former Avoiding Line, which was dismantled in 1985, also forms part of the southernmost boundary of the Character Area. Figure 1 During the mid to late 19th century several railway lines were constructed through the Character Area. These were catalysts for Lincoln s economic growth during the Post-Railway Expansion and Late Victorian/Edwardian Periods Construction and improvement of railways and the river at the end of the Early Industrial Period and in the Post-Railway Expansion and Late Victorian/Edwardian [ AD] Periods more fully integrated the Character Area with the south of the city, and provided the necessary infrastructure to support industry. As a result, the city experienced a phase of rapid growth, fuelled by the development of major industries many of which located within the Character Area. Several of the buildings associated with this prolonged phase of growth survive to various extents in the current townscape, many of the earliest of which are focussed along the waterfront or along Canwick Road. Doughty s Oil Mill (1863) survives in the west of the Character Area as well as elements of Ruston s Sheaf Ironworks to the east (1835). The former Robey Globe Works off Canwick Road is now occupied by Jackson s Building Centres Ltd. One of the most entrepreneurial industrial enterprises in the area was founded by Nathaniel Clayton in 1843, who later joined with Joseph Shuttleworth to form the Clayton and Shuttleworth manufacturing company of heavy goods. The company was responsible for a number of buildings in the area, several of which survive including the large scale Witham Park House, originally known as the Titanic Works, and the Abbey and Tower works in the far east of the Character Area. Page 3 of 22

6 Figure 2 Witham Park House is now converted into office accommodation The company also constructed an electric power station to the north of the Titanic Bridge, which itself was constructed as part of the programme of the Clayton and Shuttleworth expansion. The power station was replaced with St. Swithin s Electricity Generating Station in the Post-war period. The main building was demolished in 2003, and the only remnants of the site include a number of outbuildings, a concrete plaque facing Waterside South, and small amounts of public realm (limestone crossovers etc.). The area was also an important location for some of Lincoln s services that were better located towards the fringes of the city, such as the surviving sewage works and breaker s yard at the eastern end of Great Northern Terrace. Page 4 of 22

7 Figure 3 Doughty s Oil Mill, constructed in 1863, is a reminder of the prominence of trade along the River Witham in the Post-Railway Expansion period The River Witham remained an important transport route into the 19 th century, and was leased to the Great Northern Railway Company in However, the increase in rail freight led to the rapid decline of water transport towards the end of the 19 th century. With the decrease in waterborne trade and the decommissioning of the GNR Loop Line, the River Witham and adjacent banks have become a focus for recreation including a footpath and cycleway along the railway embankment, and the use of leisure boats along the River Witham. Former industrial buildings at Doughty s Court and Baker s Court have been converted for residential use. However, light industrial units have also been developed towards the eastern fringes of the Character Area (e.g. George Street), and Siemens, which occupies a large plot in the west of the Character Area, is Lincoln s largest employer, upholding the area s long-held economic and industrial role in Lincoln. Many 19 th -century industrial buildings in the area remain in use, adapted to the needs of the modern industries that now occupy much of the area. Page 5 of 22

8 Urban form Great Northern Terrace Character Area is a mixed-use area to the east of the city centre, situated in the base of the Witham Valley either side of the river. Its use for industrial purposes, and more recently also for retail purposes, has been influenced by its vulnerable position on the river floodplain. This left the area relatively undeveloped in comparison with other areas within such close proximity to the city centre. The area is bordered and divided by strong impermeable features, including Broadgate/Pelham Bridge to the west, the River Witham and railway line to the north, floodplain to the east and a railway line to the south, that reduce permeability both within the area and with surrounding areas. The area is divided into large urban blocks by the rivers and railways, and by long linear roads that have several individual culde-sac developments off them. In the northern part of the Character Area, Waterside North and South are long linear roads running parallel to the river. Several properties along Waterside South are positioned at the back of the footway, a reminder of the former importance of river trade in the city. This creates a stronger building line and as a result there is a much higher sense of enclosure along Waterside South and parts of Broadgate than elsewhere in the Character Area where buildings are often positioned towards the centre of plots with large areas of car parking or storage space around. Figure 4 Several employers in the area have multiple buildings within one large plot, often with either parking or storage space in between. These private premises also tend to have high secure boundaries The majority of buildings in the Character Area are large detached industrial, commercial and retail properties with rectangular building footprints that are situated in their own plots, but there are also a few groups of detached buildings and/or rows of attached buildings within communal plots. There is a coarse grain of large buildings positioned towards the centre of plots with extensive car parking and yards. The large building footprints, large areas of open space and wide roads result in a low building density, a horizontal emphasis, and a low sense of enclosure. However, there is a much stronger building line and sense of enclosure along Waterside South, where the buildings are generally taller. Buildings are predominantly a tall single storey or two storeys in height to accommodate manufacturing and storage functions. Many of them are individual in design such as Siemens, Witham Park House and Bifrangi. Several plots have ancillary buildings used for storage or a further retail use, some of which are cafes providing lunch and refreshments for workers in the area. Buildings are either of solid brick construction or steel frame with a variety of other materials used for the outer shell such as corrugated steel, brick and glass. Solid brick buildings tend to be the earlier warehouse buildings in the Character Area such as Witham Park House and some of the older units within the Siemens and Jackson s complexes. A large proportion of the northern façade of Witham Park House is glazed, following its redevelopment from industrial warehousing into office accommodation. As a material, bricks are small in scale whereas many of the buildings with cladding use larger materials such as sheets of steel and glass. Decoration on steel framed buildings is very limited and confined primarily to the colour and moulding of the cladding, any signage and sometimes a porch over the entrance, as is the case with the main Jackson s building. Page 6 of 22

9 Figure 5 Modern retail units have steel cladding to upper storeys. They also tend to have more windows, especially at ground floor, than industrial premises. A large porch emphasises the entranceway and is one of the only types of decoration on the building On industrial buildings and some of the retail units such as Tesco, there are very few windows resulting in very high solid-to-void ratios and many inactive frontages. Doors are also small and low key considering the scale of the buildings, though some of the industrial units have tall service roller-doors to accommodate the loading and unloading of HGVs. Other retail units, however, plus office accommodation like Witham Park House have long rows of either horizontal or vertical metal-framed windows. They also have more glazing in doors which are usually centrally mounted and located beneath a porch. Decoration on buildings is generally confined to coloured/moulded cladding, signage and porches. Windows are very plain with few sills or lintels. Roofs are generally shallow pitched or flat and covered with metal sheeting. There are very few eaves and verges, and many do not have rainwater goods. Some of the industrial buildings have a long row of clear panels in the roof to allow light into the building. Page 7 of 22

10 Figure 6 Earlier brick warehouses have very few, if any, windows and are very tall despite only being one storey in height Buildings along Waterside South differ from the rest of the Character Area in several ways. Buildings are positioned at the back of the footway and take up the full width of their plot, creating a stronger building line. The height of the buildings varies but the tallest is five and a half storeys, far more than elsewhere in the Character Area. The buildings have a much more direct relationship to the river than many other buildings have to the road, a result of their former use in trade along the River Witham. The combination of the height and proximity to the road/river results in a much higher sense of enclosure along Waterside South. The buildings are generally constructed in solid brick using red or beige bricks and have long rows of either horizontal or vertical windows with white wooden or metal frames, resulting in a lower solid-to-void ratio and more active frontages. Buildings are also comparatively more decorative. For example, the former Clayton and Shuttleworth building has various brick projections on the façade, sills and lintels around windows and two pediments with the name of the company painted on them. Doughty s Mill has shallow pillars, stone sills, brick arched lintels and a Dutch gable. The mill is a landmark building in the Character Area on account of being the tallest property in a strong building line, having high levels of decoration and being positioned with a prominent façade directly onto the road and river. There are several examples of local dates and details in the area such as bricks painted with Clayton and Shuttleworth on the building now occupied by Cory Environmental, an inscription on the wall outside the Spa Road Electricity Station and an inscription on Thorn Bridge recording when it was constructed and that it replaced an earlier bridge. Road nameplates are generally modern and freestanding. The public/private boundary in the Character Area is very varied. Differences are particularly evident between industrial and retail uses. Industrial units tend to have high security boundaries around the perimeter of the plot. These vary in materials but include steel palisade fencing, wire mesh fencing, tall hedges and temporary security fencing. The same materials are also used for the boundaries between plots. The public/private boundary between retail/commercial units and the road tends to be more permeable and less clearly defined. Boundaries are generally lower, and materials include bollards, low metal railings or wooden fences, low-level planting and hedges. Within the Character Area there are many open spaces, including extensive areas of car parking within plots and yards for storage and distribution. To the east of the area in particular there are many sites in use for storage and recycling. There are also a number of green spaces such as the river and drain corridors, areas of planting within parking and several grass and planted verges. There are mature trees around the boundary of some sites, particularly around parking, and along the river close to Broadgate. There are also dedicated areas for staff to have a cigarette break or eat lunch, sometimes situated within parking areas and sometimes along one of the grass verges. The river corridor in particular is a natural green feature that runs through the area and provides linear, rural views. The character of the waterways changes throughout the Character Area. Towards the city there are stronger man-made edges such as straight concrete sides and railings, whereas towards the east there are sloping banks with naturally occurring vegetation. The waterways and footpaths are the main public spaces within the Character Area. There are also a number of gap sites which are Page 8 of 22

11 predominantly grassland or scrub and often surrounded by security fencing, including the former electricity works on Spa Road, a site on Waterside South and a site off Clifton Street. Figure 7 The main areas of green space are the corridors along the River Witham and South Delph Drain. These have natural, planted edges for the most part and bring a rural aspect all the way into the city centre. They are also used for recreation Pavements in the Character Area are generally quite narrow, about 1-2m, are surfaced in tarmac and are in a reasonable condition. Street furniture in the area is limited and is generally modern signage. Along Broadgate there are many large street signs, and elsewhere in the area there are bollards, heavily signposted railway crossings and steel lampposts. Several fixtures and fittings on locks and moorings along the canalised section of the River Witham have also been retained, in addition to the stone block work that forms the banks of the river. Roads are surfaced in tarmac and, with the exception of Broadgate which is 4 lanes wide, are generally 2 lanes wide. Waterside South operates as a two-way road but is very narrow. A few pink granite setts, stone channels and stone kerbs survive on Spa Road but these are limited and in a relatively poor condition. Vitality in the Character Area is fairly high due to the numbers of staff and visitors using the area but this is mainly confined to business hours. Some leisure-related uses have extended business hours such as the gymnasium and go-karting centre. Page 9 of 22

12 Views Great Northern Terrace Character Area is situated on the eastern side of the city centre, at the point where the built up area of the city is most narrow. As a result it is close to the city centre but also has a fringe location resulting in rural views along linear features such as the railway lines and the water corridors (River Witham and South Delph), and wider views onto the south escarpment. Its position within the Witham Valley close to the city centre also means that from many places there are views of the Cathedral and elevated areas on the north escarpment. Figure 8 The railway lines and waterways are strong linear features within the Character Area. Their green, planted edges bring a rural aspect to what is otherwise an urban, industrial area Page 10 of 22

13 Condition of Buildings and Streetscape Many buildings have been redeveloped for new uses and as a result are in a good condition but there are also a number of derelict buildings and gap sites that are surrounded by security fencing. Pavements and roads are generally in a reasonable condition, although in one or two areas the public realm is quite degraded such as on Spa Road where there are a number of derelict out-buildings, a neglected public-private boundary, degraded road surfacing and overgrown verges. There are some surviving pink granite setts and stone channels on Spa Road but these are in a poor condition. Figure 9 The former Spa Road Electricity Station is now a gap site that is regenerating with plants. The high security fencing, degraded pavements and surviving York stone channels that are in a poor condition, make the public realm inconsistent overall Page 11 of 22

14 Use The main uses in the Character Area are industrial, commercial and retail but there are also a number of recreational uses on the river such as boating and fishing. Doughty s Mill is now in residential use. Some electricity infrastructure is still active in the area, close to the former electricity station on Spa Road. The area is also a transport corridor for people travelling east out of the city by boat and train. Page 12 of 22

15 Relationship to City and Surrounding Areas The Character Area provides an employment and service area close to the city centre but still on the fringe of the built-up area. It is also a conduit for waterborne and rail transport. Permeability between this and neighbouring areas is limited as the river, drain, railway lines and major road of Broadgate/Pelham Bridge are all large, linear barriers with few crossing points, that restrict both pedestrian and vehicular access from one area into another. The natural, rural character of the river and drain corridors, and the views onto the south escarpment, link the Character Area to rural areas to the east, while the retail and industrial uses, plus the views onto the Cathedral and built-up areas of the city link it to urban areas to the west. Figure 10 The Character Area is surprisingly close to the city centre considering it is an industrial area in a fringe location with floodplain and countryside on its eastern border Page 13 of 22

16 Key Townscape Characteristics Mixed-use area situated to the east of the city centre in the Witham Valley which includes retail, industrial, residential and recreation uses The area is bordered and divided by strong impermeable features such as the railway lines and river, leading to large urban blocks and poor connectivity Its use for industry and large out-of-town retail has been influenced by its position on the floodplain as this has left the area relatively undeveloped in comparison with other areas in such close proximity to the city centre Earlier developments that influence the current landscape include: o High Medieval watercourse of Sincil Dyke o High Medieval lane along south of Sincil Dyke o Waterside and Industrial buildings and infrastructure associated with Lincoln s industrial growth since the Early Industrial Period Divided into large urban blocks by the rivers and railways, and by long linear roads that have several individual and cul-de-sac developments off them. Within large urban blocks development is mainly arranged around cul-de-sacs Similarities in construction: o Large-scale buildings with regular, rectangular footprints o Often one very tall storey to accommodate manufacturing and storage o Buildings are predominantly detached and situated in their own plots, but there are also a few rows of attached properties, and some groups of buildings within industrial estates o Individual in design and of solid brick construction or steel frame with a variety of other materials used for cladding o Building decoration on steel framed buildings is confined primarily to the colour and moulding of the cladding, signage and porches o Roofs are generally shallow pitched or flat and covered with metal sheeting Solid-to-void ratio varies with the more recent industrial accommodation and some of the older solid brick warehouses having very few windows while retail units and office accommodation have long rows of either horizontal or vertical windows Large building footprints, wide roads, and large areas of open space around buildings create a horizontal emphasis overall Industrial units have high secure boundaries around the perimeter of the plot in a variety of materials, while the public/private boundary between retail/commercial units and the road tends to be less clearly defined There are many open spaces, including extensive areas of car parking within plots, yards for storage and distribution, and green spaces such as the river and drain corridors, and grassed and planted verges Permeability is limited as the river, drain, railway lines and major road of Broadgate/Pelham Bridge are all large, linear barriers with few crossing points that restrict both pedestrian and vehicular access from one area into another Vitality is fairly high due to the numbers of staff and visitors using the area but this is mainly confined to business hours. Some leisurerelated uses have extended business hours Due to its location between the built-up area of the city and its rural fringe there are rural views along the river and drain corridors, views onto the rural south escarpment, and views to the north east onto the Cathedral and upper city on the north escarpment Page 14 of 22

17 Appendix 1: Character Area Attributes Character Area Type: Civic/leisure area near main road Broad Use Type: Civic Broad Sub-Use Type: Abattoir Secondary Type: Civic Secondary Sub-Use Type: Abattoir Urban Rural Type: General Urban Average Building Type: 2 storey Page 15 of 22

18 Appendix 2: List of RAZs Greetwell villa estate and potential wic Stamp End causeway Land around city potentially usable for settlement and agriculture Riparian deposits Beggarsholme market in Butwerk Housing in Butwerk suburb South Common Wetlands Wigford eastern shoreline - La Gulle, Old Eye and Thorngate City docks 2) northern waterside between the walls City docks 1) wharves along Waterside North east of the wall and the Blackdyke Stamp End causeway Common pasture east of Butwerk Intermediate distance roads Friary of the Sack and the Kyme Chantry Monks' Abbey (Benedictine Priory of St Mary Magdalene); the monastic precinct The Black Monks estate Thorngate Castle The early fort The Stamp End causeway Route way to the Stamp End causeway Valley Floor deposits The Jurassic Way Early crossing points and the Stamp End Causeway Barrow fields north of Canwick Valley floor deposits Limestone uplands Potential industrial area around South Common Quayside east of High Bridge Riparian deposits Stamp End causeway The Greetwell villa Stamp End lock and causeway Fossdyke, Brayford and Witham navigations Montague Street Bridge Sincil Dyke Stamp End dock and boat-building yard Intermediate road routes Thorn Bridge, Melville Street Railway transport network The wetlands Enclosed pasture and meadow east and west of the city South Common The shambles, Clasketgate Working class housing of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Newport, the Bail, the lower city and Wigford. Working-class housing estates c in Newport, Newland, Butwerk Wigford and elsewhere Heavy engineering works Food processing industries and brewing industry Textile industries Artificial stone manufacturers Electricity production industry Sewage industry Public Parks and Gardens Stamp End causeway City docks 1) wharves along Waterside North east of the wall and the Blackdyke City docks 2) Waterside North between the walls Wigford eastern shoreline - La Gulle, Old Eye and Thorngate Wetlands South Common Page 16 of 22

19 Common pasture east of Butwerk Intermediate distance roads Thorngate Castle Friary of the Sack and the Kyme Chantry Monks' Abbey (The Benedictine Priory of St Mary Magdalene) Page 17 of 22

20 Appendix 3: List of Ecological Sites Cow Paddle Witham East and South Delph Low Land between Railway and South Delph Vacant Land off Great Northern Terrace Land fronting Waterside South Former Power Station, Spa Road Witham Park Triangle East of Cow Paddle Sincil Dike North East Allenby Road Industrial Estate South River Witham, Central East Page 18 of 22

21 Appendix 4: Historical Components which influence the current character Page 19 of 22

22 Appendix 5: Townscape GIS Layers Page 20 of 22

23 Page 21 of 22

24 Page 22 of 22

25 Page 23 of 22