EU PROJECT. Grant agreement No

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1 EU PROJECT "Damage risk assessment, economic impact and mitigation strategies for sustainable preservation of cultural heritage in the times of climate change Grant agreement No Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events COST ACTION C26, Naples September 2010 Johanna Leissner, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Brussels

2 Climate change and Global warming Cities would also see their temperatures rise beyond the 2 degree difference the DWD has already observed between urban areas and the surrounding countryside. "Cities will increasingly become 'heat islands' and there will be a growing need for fresh air corridors into cities. Architects must come up with new plans, such as creating more shade and using heat-resistance materials."

3 How to value the welfare of future generations?

4 IPCC Assessment Report of 1990 Kyoto Protocol 1997 Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change 2006 Copenhagen 2009

5 Bread is not man's only need And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the Lord doth man live. (Deuteronomy 8: 2-3)

6 Cultural Heritage the neglected challenge Cultural Heritage is the window to the past Memory necessary for orientation at present time and in future Non renewable resource - sustainability Identity Globalisation Loss of quality of life Peace and understanding

7 Cultural Heritage is endangered by Increasing environmental pollution Attack of microorganisms Natural disasters & climate change Impacts of mass tourism Lack of legislation Management mistakes Human activities (wars, ignorance,..) 50% lost during the last 100 years!!!

8 Evolution of the European Cultural Heritage Programme st Period: Effects of Air Pollution on Historic Buildings th Period Protection, conservation and enhancement of European Cultural heritage within the Key Action The City of Tomorrow and Cultural heritage 40 M th Period Protection of the Cultural Heritage and associated conservation strategies within Priority 8 SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT TO POLICIES 17 M th Period Protection, conservation and enhancement of cultural heritage, including human habitat ~ 70 M

9 The political and legal context in the European Union Article 167 EC Lisbon Treaty Comunity Action Plan (Council Decision OJ 941C ) CH priority field of action (movable and immovable) through conservation and safeguarding CH of European significance Taking CH into account in regional development and job creation, tourism and environmental research

10 Budgets of the EU Framework Programmes Billion ,27 5,36 6,6 13,12 14,96 17,

11 Main questions What will be the effects of climate change on cultural heritage in Europe and Mediterranean? What mitigation strategies are necessary to prevent damage to movable and immovable cultural heritage? What will it cost us, if we do not react in time?

12 Past EU Research on this topic

13 The project Climate for Culture in numbers Large scale integrated project overall budget 6,55 Mio, EC contribution: 5 Mio Duration: November October Partners from Europe and Egypt (Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom) Subcontractors (Romania, Israel, Morocco)

14 Cornerstones of the envisaged project High resolution climate modelling on regional scale Development of hygrothermal building simulation software Establishment of new damage functions Economic impact report Mitigation, adaptation and preservation strategies Contribution to IPCC and Sustainable Development Strategy Political dissemination board Training activities

15 Modelling Climate Change New and improved models: Two IPCC emissions scenarios (A1B and B1) Dynamic downscaling to 10 x 10 km grid

16 Hygrothermal building simulation and simulation of Global Climate Change in 2100 measured data of a building simulated data ?

17 World heritage Sites case studies Source:

18 Hygrothermal building simulation

19 Simulation of the Schachenhouse

20 Risk assessment of climate induced damages measured data

21 Risk assessment of climate induced damages measured data simulation

22 Simulated Global Climate Change 2100 A.D. measured data?

23 Climate induced damages Damage Assessment Close up monitoring of surfaces (Laser speckle interferometry, 3 D microscope) Indirect monitoring (glass sensors, dummies) Climate Measurements (T, rh) Restrospective Approach Fotos: Klaus Klarner, München Fugger Badstuben Salt Damages

24 Damage Assessment Approaches

25 Partners 1. Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.v., Germany 2. Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic 3. Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze dell'atmosfera e del Clima, Italy 4. University of Zagreb, Croatia 5. Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, IESL/FORTH, Greece 6. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany 7. Technische Universität München, Germany 8. Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands 9. University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 10. Gradbeni Institut ZRMK, Slovenia 11. Gotland University, Sweden 12. Andreas Weiß, freelance conservator-restorer, Germany 13. Engineering Consulting & Software Development, Poland 14. Krah & Grote Measurement Solutions, Germany

26 Partners 15. TB Käferhaus GmbH, Austria 16. Haftcourt Ltd. UK/Sweden 17. ACCIONA, S.A, Spain 18. Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen, Germany 19. Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen Doerner Institut, Germany 20. National Trust for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, UK 21. Kybertec Ltd., Czech Republic 22. Glasgow Caledonian University, UK 23. Center for Documentation of Cultural & Natural Heritage, Egypt 24. Jonathan Ashley-Smith, Consultant for Conservation Risk Assessment, UK 25. Institut National du Patrimoine, France 26. London School of Economics & Political Science, UK 27. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri - Clinica del Lavoro e della Riabilitazione, Italy