The Research and Prospect of Science of Human Settlements. Shi Yuxue Shanghai Science Institute of Human Settlements

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2 The Research and Prospect of Science of Human Settlements Shi Yuxue Shanghai Science Institute of Human Settlements

3 Preface A. Scientific research can not do without public participation B. The application of multi-science brings out innovative products C. Practice is the best testification to theory.

4 Preface Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipal People s Government Construction and Management Commission s contribution: Organize discussion and argument on certain questions Invest in scientific research Appraise on research result Publicize research result

5 Preface Offices under the Municipal Construction Committee s contribution: Study on Shanghai s Housing Development Strategy in 21 Century by former Shanghai Housing Development Bureau Study on Old Town Reconstruction by Shanghai Housing and Land Bureau Study on Ecological Construction and Management in Residential District by Shanghai Landscape Administrative Bureau

6 Preface Shanghai Science institute of Human Settlements is a local non-governmental organization. In the past ten years, it has accomplished six research programmes and been awarded several times by the Science and Technology Committee and its expert panel for their innovative spirit.

7 Preface Characteristics: Encourage objective research and public participation Integrate multi-science into research Put theory into Practice

8 No. Project name Finishing Date Rewards 1 Research on Construction of Shanghai Residential District Oct 1992 Secondary Prize of Scientific and Technological Advancement by Ministry of Construction in Research on Residential District Construction for the 21st Century (plus Research on Pilot Residential District of Shanghai) Mar 1996 Third Prize of Shanghai Scientific and Technological Advancement in Research on The Key Technical and Economic Issues on Developing and Utilizing Maglev Train in China Dec Constructive Drawings of Shanghai Residential District Jan 1998 Published by Science and Technique Publisher of Shanghai 5 Research on Sustainable Development of Shanghai Residential District Dec The Exploring and Practice of Shanghai Wanli Ecological Town Research on Optimizing Environment in New Town of Shanghai Dec 2001 建设部 2003 年度 华夏建设科学技术奖 三等奖

9 A. Public participation Research on Construction of Shanghai Residential District 1. Extensive survey Questionnaire survey on over 2000 citizens about Present Living Condition and Personal Advice 2 Expert Meetings discussing on a variety of topics 3 Some research results having been applied to Housing System Reform, house planning and designing, development and construction, QC of construction, house management

10 A. Public participation Research on Optimizing Environment in New Town of Shanghai 1. Drawing 306 questionnaire from Shanghai Wanli Garden and Ganquan Garden and analysing in seven aspects a. classical or modern? modern 54.2% Chinese classical % Western classical % c. lawn or plant community? Lawn 39.2% The ecological benefit of lawn is one fourth of plant community, but its management fee is three to five times of the latter. E. greenbelt: concentrated or sparse equal % cluster greenbelt % Green center % b.man-made or natural man-made % natural % 4)Effect of water reticulation network Reserving natural water % no effect % f. Multi-purpose utilization of field playground of middle and primary school opening to public 71.2% g. facility for the elder and children unsatisfied %

11 A. Public participation 2. This survey is to reverse the trend of copying European style facilities, such as big fountain, lawn and pillar. This indicates public participation is the basis of human settlement science and the source of research.

12 B. Innovation based on multi-science Comprehensive research of multi- science and cross discipline Integration of social and natural science Combination of development, education and research Pooling efforts of three generation either retired or inservice

13 B. Innovation based on multi-science Focusing on the hot topic in housing construction and urban construction Deepening the survey for the latest and largest information Publicizing the scientific research results

14 B. Innovation based on multi-science Highlights in research results: 1. Future residential districts in Research on Residential District Construction for the 21 st Century Ecological community with coexistence of human beings and nature Economic and cultural community with comprehensive development of manufacturing and living condition Good neighboring community integrated with material and spiritual civilization Convenient transport community with a variety of vehicles

15 Environ mental friendly Economi c and cultural Future residential district Convenie nt transport Good neighbor ing

16 B. Innovation based on multi-science 2. room design In-house Near Neighborhood Considering the aging society, the designs makes the elder in neighborhood can look after but don t effect each other for difference in living habits.

17 B. Innovation based on multi-science 3. Housing project fosters high-quality personel A educational school A project uniting people An ecological programme

18 C. put theory into practice Research on Optimizing Environment in New Town of Shanghai It s a brand new subject either in theory or practice. 1. Basic concept of optimizing housing environment: a Deriving from the philosophy that a friendly environment is produced by human themselves. b Sourcing in nature for human use is the basic theory of optimizing environment. Sustainable development is based on the synergy of human and environment.

19 C. put theory into practice c The essence of optimizing environment is culture development, and that of housing project is the extension and recreation of human history and culture. Synergy of human and environment Sustainable development Sourcing in nature Based on human

20 C. put theory into practice 2. Object of optimizing housing environment a essence of ecological environment b inheritance of tradition and culture c practice of modern landscape

21 C. put theory into practice 3. The project of central forest belt in Shanghai Wanli Garden has benefited from the theory.

22 C. put theory into practice The central forest belt has originally been designed by a foreign gardener, who adopted European gardening techniques and elements and produced a magnificent scene. However, the 6 meter high platform, 200 meter river system and the big fountain make it a large investment (costing RMB750 per sqm and RMB21 million in total) and consumption project in the long run.

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24 C. put theory into practice The project team studied the plan of southern forest belt and proposed to remain the axis pattern and build an ecological garden with the woods-on-pond as the headstream, Taiji diagram as the symbol of coexistence and the layout based on the theory of five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth.

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28 According the five elements theory of The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor, residents can take exercise in different districts at their pleasure.

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30 C. put theory into practice This design not only produces beautiful scenery, but emphasizes ecological and healthy environment which gets the favor of the residents. The total cost of southern forest belt project is RMB5.8 million (RMB218 per sqm). It has got significant results in economy, culture, society, environment and landscape.

31 Analysis on The Environment Optimizing Plan of Wanli Garden Item Wanli index National standard (model residential district) note Coverage rate of greenbelt 47% 35% Vegetational types 100 or so 50 Heat land intersity 1.2 o C 1.5 o C Noise reduction The forest belt produces low-noise environment with an average noise reduction of db, which meets the national standard. day 55 db night 45 db 1. Forest belt over 12 meter wide reduces 3-53 db noise 2. Forest belt of 30 meter wide reduces db noise 3. Forest belt over 30 meter wide reduces 30 db noise Air purification rainfall Landscape water Purification system on man- made wetland 1. Consuming CO 2 about 50T per day 2. Releasing O 2 about 32.7T per day 3 plant alexin about 1T per day 1. Rainwater collected partly for residential use 2. Overland flow in backwater system 1. Circulatory system 2. Purification facility 1. Air humility increases 3% 2. Evaporation reduces about 10% Green belt covers 44.8 hectares in total

32 C. put theory into practice The environment optimizing project has boosted the price of neighboring houses about 28%. It was rewarded with the first Scientific and Technological Prize of Sino- construction for the economic results from environment improvement.

33 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

34 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

35 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

36 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

37 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

38 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

39 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

40 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

41 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

42 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

43 Shanghai Wanli ecological community under environmental optimization project

44 C. put theory into practice Shanghai Science Institute of Human Settlements organized seminar and academic conference for times on the subjects of old town reconstruction and suburb development.it started the study on Chongming ecological green island of the 21 st century plan in 2003 and got good feedback on the first annual meeting of Shanghai Association of Science and Technology the same year.the government of Chongming County was also interested in our test planning on Chenjia Town and considered to change it into true. In early 2004, the institute cooperated with Zhuangxing Town of Fengxian District to make study on the concept, range and feature of the ecological town.

45 C. put theory into practice In the past decade, the institute focused on the construction of downtown area and new town. Since housing project has been put on the top agenda of urban construction of the 21 st century for its impacts on urban and rural life, the key research will convert to study on housing issues concerning residents in suburb area and old town.

46 C. put theory into practice We regard environmental protection as part of our responsibility, and the research of human settlement an important project that needs innovative spirit and the public participation for their benefits. Under the support of Human Settlement Programme of both China and United Nation, as well as the local construction committee and Association of Science & Technology, we will spare no effort to contribute to produce an ecological, informational and healthy environment for living in the future.

47 Thank You

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