1993 Specifications CSJ SPECIAL SPECIFICATION ITEM Impermeable Liner

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1 1993 Specifications CSJ SPECIAL SPECIFICATION ITEM 5327 Impermeable Liner 1. Description. This Item shall govern for the furnishing and installation of the impermeable liner (geomembrane) shown on the plans. The geomembrane shall be high density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane. It is being used to prevent contaminants from re-entering the newly constructed storm sewers. The geomembrane must be capable of containing petroleum products, benzene and xylene, that are known to exist in the ground within the contamination areas shown on the plans. A protective engineering fabric (geotextile) shall be installed on top of the geomembrane to protect elements from damaging the geomembrane during construction. 2. Materials. A.) Geomembrane: 1) The new geomembrane liner shall be comprised of HDPE material manufactured of new, first-quality products designed and manufactured specifically for the purpose of liquid containment in hydraulic structures. The nominal thickness of the HDPE membrane shall be 60 mils. 2) The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, a certification from the manufacturer of the sheeting, stating that the sheeting meets physical property requirements for the intended application. 3) The surface of the geomembrane shall not have striation, roughness, pinholes or bubbles and shall be so produced to be free of holes, blisters, undispersed raw materials, or any sign of contamination by foreign matter. Any such defect shall be reported to the Engineer immediately after discovery and replaced or repaired under the direction of the Engineer at the Contractor's expense. If repair is required, extrusion fusion welding technique shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. 4) The geomembrane shall be manufactured in a minimum of 22.5 feet seamless widths. Labels on the roll shall identify the thickness, length, width and manufacturer's batch and roll number. There shall be no factory seams. 5) The geomembrane rolls shall meet the specification values according to the following chart:

2 GEOMEMBRANE SPECIFICATIONS * Properties Test Method Nominal Thk (Mils) 60 Actual Thk (Min)(Mils) ASTM D Density g/cc (Min) ASTM D Melt Flow Index ASTM D g/10 min. (Max) Condition E (190 C, 2.16 kg) Tensile Properties (Typical) ASTM D 638 Type IV Dumb-bell at 2 ipm 1. Tensile Strength at Break 240 (Pounds/inch width) 2. Tensile Strength at Yield 140 (Pounds/inch width) 3. Elongation at Break 700 (Percent) 4. Elongation at Yield 13 (Percent) Tear Resistance ASTM D1004 Initiation Die C 45 lbs. (Typical) Low Temperature ASTM D Brittleness, F Procedure B (Typical) Dimensional Stability ASTM D1204 +/- 2 % Change Each 212 F, 1 hr. Direction (Max) Resistance to Soil ASTM D3083 using Burial. Percent change ASTM D638 Type IV in original value. Dumb-bell at 2 ipm (Typical) Tensile Strength at % Change Break and Yield +/- 10 Elongation at Break % Change +/- 10 and Yield Environmental Stress Crack. ASTM D Hours (Min) (10% Igepal, 50 C) Puncture Resistance FTMS Pounds (Typical) Method

3 GEOMEMBRANE SPECIFICATIONS (CON'T.) Coefficient of Linear ASTM D Thermal Expansion {(x 10 Exp. -4 cm (Typical)} / {cm C} Thermal Stability ASTM D Oxidative Induction 130 C, Time (OIT) 800 psi Oxygen Minutes (Min) Carbon Black Percent 2-3 Moisture Vapor Transmission ASTM E96 Rate (g/100 in(2) day) 100 F, % relative humidity Water Absorption (% Change max. In original weight) ASTM D% 0.1 * Note all values except when specified as minimum or maximum are average test results. 6) Raw Material. All compound ingredients of the HDPE materials shall be randomly sampled on delivery to the HDPE manufacturing plant to ensure compliance with the required specifications. Tests to be carried out shall include Density ASTM D1505 and Melt Index ASTM D1238, Condition E. 7) Manufactured Roll Goods. Samples of the production run shall be taken and tested according to ASTM D638 to ensure that tensile strength at yield and break, and elongation at yield and break meet the minimum specifications. A quality control certificate shall be issued with the material. 8) All welding material shall be of a type recommended by the manufacturer. B.) Geotextile: 1) The new geotextile shall be manufactured from polyester, polypropylene, or polypropylene - nylon material. The fabric shall be non-woven. 2) The Contractor shall submit a certificate to the Engineer, from the manufacturer of the geotextile, stating the geotextile meets the physical property requirements for the intended application. 3) The geotextile shall be of uniform thickness and surface texture, and conform to the following types as shown on the plans:

4 Property Value Test Method Type I Geotextile Weight, nominal 8 oz/sq yd(2) ASTM D 3776 Thickness, min. 80 mils ASTM D 1777 Grab Tensile Strength 200 lbs. ASTM D 4632 (1-inch grip), min. Elongation at break, 50% ASTM D 4632 min. UV Resistance, 85% strength ASTM D hrs. Retention Property Value Test Method Type II Geotextile: Weight, nominal 16 oz/sq.yd. ASTM D 3776 Thickness, min. 150 mils ASTM D 1777 Grab Tensile Strength 320 lbs. ASTM D 4632 (1-inch grip), min. Elongation at break, 80% ASTM D 4632 min. UV Resistance, 90% ASTM D hrs. 4) The geotextile shall be furnished in protective covers capable of protecting the fabric from ultraviolet rays, abrasion and water. 5) The geotextile shall not be installed or exposed to the ultraviolet rays more than 20 days prior to the installation of storm sewer and backfill operations. 3. Construction Methods. The liner method system shall consist of a layer of protective geotextile over a layer of 60-mil HDPE geomembrane. The liner system shall be installed by the same company that manufactures the geomembrane. The Engineer reserves the right to inspect the manufacturer's or the fabricator's facilities to ensure compliance with these specifications. 1) Area Subgrade Preparation. Surfaces to be lined shall be smooth and free of all rocks, stones, sticks, roots, sharp objects, or debris of any kind and shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer prior to liner installation. The surface shall provide a firm, unyielding foundation for the geomembrane with no sudden, sharp or abrupt changes or break in grade, except as shown on the plans. Bends indicated on the plans shall be field fabricated

5 using methods approved by the Engineer and manufacturer. No standing water or excessive moisture shall be allowed. The installation subcontractor shall certify in writing, that the surface on which the geomembrane is to be installed is acceptable before commencing work. 2) Weather Conditions. Geomembrane deployment shall proceed between ambient temperatures of 32 F to 105 F. Placement can proceed below 32 F only after it has been approved by the Engineer. Geomembrane placement shall not be done during any precipitation, in the presence of excessive moisture (e.g. fog, drizzle, dew) or in the presence of excessive winds, as determined by the Engineer. 3) Method of Placement. The liner installer shall not use any equipment or tools that can damage the liner materials by handling, trafficking or other means. The method used to unroll the liner panels shall not cause scratches or crimps in the geomembrane and shall not damage the supporting soil. Panels of geomembrane shall be placed using a method that shall minimize wrinkles. A continuous layer of geotextile shall be installed over 60-mil geomembrane. The geotextile shall have a minimum overlap of 12 inches to adjoining sheets. The geotextile and 60-mil geomembrane shall be wrapped around the concrete box culvert or reinforced concrete pipe in a manner approved by the Engineer to provide a water tight seal. 4) Field Seams. Individual panels of geomembrane shall be laid out and overlapped by a maximum of four (4) inches (101 millimeters) for extrusion weld prior to welding or five (5) inches (127 millimeters) for hot wedge weld prior to welding. Extreme care shall be taken by the installer in the preparation of the areas to be welded. The area to be welded shall be cleaned and prepared according to the procedures laid down by the material manufacturer. All sheeting shall be welded together by means of integration of the extrudate bead with the lining material. The composition of the extrudate shall be identical to the lining material, or all sheeting shall be welded together using the hot wedge welding system. The welding equipment used shall be capable of continuously monitoring and controlling the temperatures in the zone of contact where the machine is actually fusing the lining material so as to ensure that changes in environmental conditions will not affect the integrity of the weld. No "fish mouths" shall be allowed within the seam area. Where "fish mouths" occur, the material shall be cut, overlapped, and an overlap extrusion weld shall be applied. 5) Field Seam Testing/Quality Control. The Contractor shall employ on-site physical non-destructive testing on 100% of all welds. A quality-control technician furnished by the Contractor shall inspect each seam. Any area showing a defect shall be marked and repaired in accordance with HDPE repair procedures. A test weld three (3) feet long from each welding machine shall be run each day prior to liner welding and under the same conditions as exist for the liner welding. The test weld shall

6 be marked with date, ambient temperature, and welding machine number. Samples of weld 1/4 inch to 1/2 inch wide shall be cut from the test weld and pulled by hand in peel. The weld shall not peel. Seams shall exhibit a film tear bond. The weld sample shall be kept for subsequent testing on laboratory tensometer equipment in accordance with the applicable ASTM standards. Random weld samples may be removed from the installed welded sheeting at a frequency to be approved by the Engineer (ex. 1/500 foot of weld). 4. Measurement and Payment. The impermeable liner will not be measured or paid for directly. All materials, equipment, and labor required for a complete installation as specified shall be considered subsidiary to the bid-item "Structural Excavation (Special)"

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