Preliminary Design Report with Diagrams

Medication Alarm Intuitive Dispenser - M.A.I.D Elderly Assistive System Preliminary Design Report with Diagrams EEL4924C - Electrical Engineering Design 2 27 January 2011 Members: Steven Sengberg & Christopher Wilson

Page 2/12 Table of Contents Project Abstract... 3 Introduction... 3 Project Features... 4 Technial Objectives and Description of Operation... 5 Concept Development and Planning... 8 Components and Technology Section... 9 Distribution of Labor... 11 Cost Objectives... 11 Gantt Charts... 12 References... 12 List of Tables Estimated Voltage and Current Requirements... 7 Distribution of Labor... 11 Estimated Cost of Electrical Components... 11 List of Figures Block Diagram of Project Components... 7 Atmega 324P... 9 TG12864H3-04A Graphical LCD... 9 Gantt Chart... 12

Page 3/12 Project Abstract Our project is designed to assist elderly people in remembering to take their medication. The unit consists of several containers that contain one type of pill or a specified dosage of a pill. Several large buttons control a graphical LCD screen that allows the user to specify a time and a day for an alarm. Once the alarm time is set the user then clicks the buttons located in front of the containers to indicate which pills will drop at that alarm. The system also includes an RFID reader so that only specific people can open the machine to lead pills. Similarly, the RFID reader will also ensure that the correct person takes the pills. The unit also includes several sensors to confirm that the pills have been removed. Lastly, the dispenser is equipped with several selectable sounds for an alarm along with a volume control. Introduction Application Domain and Problem Description In the modern world there are millions of Americans that take several medications daily. A 2004 Survey indicated that more than 40% of Americans take at least one prescription drug and 17% take three or more(1). Another set of data shows that 80% of people over the age of 75 take at least one medication and that 36% of this age group will take up to four medications daily (2). The most significant problem preventing the treating of illness is simply remembering to take the medication. In order for a prescription and over-the-counter drugs to be effective they must be taken in compliance with the timing and dosage specified. It is not uncommon for elderly people to have difficulty remembering which medicine is for which particular ailment or even to take any medication due to memory problems and depression which contribute to forgetfulness. A person is most likely to forget their medication on days when their schedule is hectic. There are serious consequences for forgetting to take medications. Some problems include a delayed recovery or even more severe symptoms. More than 80% of hospitalizations for adverse drug reactions in the elderly population are dose related (3). Invention Proposal and Project Description The problem presented is difficult, however, Seniors for Seniors (Seniors for Seniors) has presented a comprehensive solution to medicine scheduling, the Medication Alarm Intuitive Dispenser (MAID). MAID is a pill dispenser with several features. It is designed to be one of the most reliable and cost effective means of adhering to strict pill timing intervals.

Page 4/12 Project Features Simple, Easy-to-Use and Set Up MAID is conveniently equipped with an easy setup, a standard simple wall outlet will suffice for power. There is no need to tinker and fiddle with difficult to insert batteries. The unit also features a user friendly interface with reactive large buttons for easy use. Furnished with a large graphical LCD screen it is simple to read text and interact. Variety and Flexibility MAID is able to hold up to 7 different types of medications. Utilizing a simple interface an individual can set several timer alarms for different days at different times and specify which pills to dispense at that time. Secure and Accurate MAID is secure and accurate. An easy to use card reader ensures that the qualified individual will be the only one granted access to load pills into the pill compartments. In addition, the card reader will also confirm the proper individual is there to receive the correct pills in the case that there is more than one machine. Informative and Customizable The main priority of the product is to alert an individual to take their pills. The system comes with an alarm and several preset sounds to use as the warning, allowing users to customize their medical schedule experience. Reliable and Safe Finally, to ensure that there is no interference with pets and other animal, in addition to the card reader, there is a dispense button that can only be operated by a person. Finally, intelligently included in the design is a sensor to confirm that the pills were removed from the pill dispensing area.

Page 5/12 Technical Objectives and Description of Operation The main object of the MAID is to ensure accurate and safe distribution of pills to users. This section details the expected Operation and Goals of MAID. A Primary objective of our project is to design a system that can sound an alarm at a certain time and dispense the proper medication with RFID confirmation. One problem that will have to be resolved is making sure the device dispenses the proper amount. We will need some feedback through an optical encoder, limit switch or use stepper motors. The RFID reader will have to read a card and confirm that it is the correct person trying to receive the medication then send a signal to allow the medication to be dispensed. One of the Microcontrollers will be connected to a real-time clock and will have to send the appropriate signals to a CPLD and other microcontroller to drive the other peripherals. The CPLD will control the motors and handle the LEDs. First Time Set-up and Main Menu: 1. Upon turning on the device the user will see the Logo for Seniors for Seniors on the Graphical LCD. 2. The User will then see an initial, first time set up screen that will prompt the user to check the current time. 3. After Setting the Time the user will be taken to the Main Menu 4. The Main menu will always display the current time in addition to a) Set Alarm b)load Medication c) Select Sound 5. The User can only get to the first 2 options if they are in possession of the Administrator RFID Card 6. If the User tries to swipe with the Patient Card nothing happens at the Main Menu Set Alarm Selection 1. When Set Alarm is selected the Screen will display "Swipe the Administrator Card to Set an Alarm." It will also say click "OK" to Return to the Main Menu 2. MAID will then wait until it detects that the Administrator card was swiped. 3. Once the administrator card is swiped the screen will then display All the Days of the Week "Select a Day to Set an Alarm" and it will also display "Click Back to Return to Previous Screen" 4. Once a Day is selected the screen will then display The Day at the Top and "Set an Alarm" and "Click Back to Return to Previous Screen" "Click to See Next Page of Alarm" The final option is only needed in the case that there is not enough space to display all the alarms. 5. Once "Set an Alarm" is selected the user will then use the arrow keys to select the proper time for their alarm.

Page 6/12 Load Medication Selection 1. When Set Alarm is selected the Screen will display "Swipe the Administrator Card to Load Medication." It will also say click "OK" to Return to the Main Menu 2. MAID will then wait until it detects that the Administrator card was swiped. 3. Once the administrator card is swiped the screen will then display "Select a Pill Type to Load" and it will also display "Click Back to Return to Previous Screen" 4. The Lock for the Medication will also disengage 5. MAID will then wait until one of the button for the different pill types is selected 6. The Screen will then display "Click NEXT to Rotate the Pill Wheel," "Click BACK to Return to the Previous Screen" and finally "Finished Loading Pills" 7. Once "Finish Loading Pills" is selected the next screen will be "Please Close the Door to the Medicine Containers," "Click Next to Continue to the Main Menu" 8. When "Continue to the Main Menu" is selected the lock will engage. Medication Alarm and Pill Dispensing 1. When the Time for an alarm is activated the lights for all the Pill types and the specific selected sound will play 2. The screen will display please swipe Patient card to retrieve pills and the time that has elapsed since the alarm. 3. The patient will then swipe their card and the following will occur: a. The motors for the specific pill type will rotate and drop the pills into a bottom container. b. The IR sensor will detect that every pill that was selected dropped. c. If a specific pill type does not drop a warning message will be displayed on the screen 4. The User then must press another button to drop the pills into the last area 5. The alarm will continue to sound until the Pills have been taken out of the last area. This is detected by the IR Sensor at the Bottom. 6. There will be a chime for Pills taken along with an onscreen message. The Screen will then return to the main menu. Sound Selection 1. This screen can be accessed by anyone with a swipe card. 2. The screen will display the "The current alarm set is: alarm1" and there will be a selection of sounds below. The user can arrow to a sound and click select to play what the alarm is. 3. When the user sets the alarm the message at the top will change and the user can click back to return.

Page 7/12 Power Consumption Components Voltage Current (max) Atmega324P 5V.4mA GLCD ST7565 3.3V 400uA CPLD 5V 300mA Realtime Clock DS1307 5V 1.5mA (Battery) Serial Dac LTC1661 3.3V-5V 60uA op-amp LM741 3.3V-5V 40mA Quadruple Half-H Driver 5V 1.3A SN754410 RFID 5V 120mA LEDS 5V 200mA (10 LEDs20mA each) Max Current 3A Table 1: Estimated Voltage and Current Requirements I/O (23) EEPROM SPI (4) RFID I/O (3) Serial DAC OP-AMP Speaker Atmega 324P LEDs I/O (7) SPI (4) I/O (4) I/O (4) I/O (7) Atmega 324P CPLD IIC(2) I/O (5) I/O (13) I/O (4) I/O (7) Realtime Clock GLCD Buttons IRLEDs Encoded Position (IRLED or buttons) I/O (4) I/O (4) Motor Driver SN754410 Motor Driver SN754410 Motor Driver SN754410 Motor Driver SN754410 Motor 1 Motor 2 Motor 3 Motor 4 Motor 5 Motor 6 Motor 7 Motor 8 Figure 1: Block Diagram of Project Components

Page 8/12 Concept Development and Planning The mechanical design and the project description have changed several times after the initial presentation of the design. Below are some of the design decisions and models planned before the current version. 1. The first version although independently developed resembled several of the current market solutions. It used several of the medicine boxes similar to the MTWTFSS boxes offered in pharmacies. The main dropping mechanisms at this point were several solenoids at each of the box locations. a. Main processor was to be a larger sized MSP430 - Problem with this was the amount of shipping time and so this was eventually changed. b. Main methods of dropping pills were solenoids. At the time of research, however, there were none on the market that met the power and cost constraints of the project c. There was no second pair of IR detection to determine if pills were dropped d. RFID was not present in this design or the RTC. e. The pill boxes were utilized instead of the Rotating wheel 2. The second major version was developed after conversations with Dr. Schwartz and in class suggestions to the project. a. This design had the main microprocessor as the Atmega, and then it would communicate with several smaller MSP430s b. The Main method of dropping pills was changed to motors to better support the new circular dispenser design c. Second pair of IR detection added along with another button to drop pills d. RFID was added to this design for complexity. It would also function as the component to control who would load the pills and set the alarms e. Rotating wheel design now implemented 3. The final version after in class presentation a. This design has the main microprocessor as the Atmega specifically for a greater number of I/O pins b. This design added an additional Atmega to control EEPROMS for sound selection c. The MSP430s were replaced with a CPLD for a greater pin count d. Graphical LCD added instead of smaller LCD to show more on the menus e. RTC added to keep track of day.

Page 9/12 Components and Technology Selection Digital Components 1. Atmel AVR Microprocessor (Atmega 324P) - The Atmega was chosen over the PIC and the MSP430 mainly due to its number of Input / Output pins. In this device there are a large number of components that need to interface with the processor. Although there are PIC and MSP430s of larger sizes, the Atmel chips were previously available. Figure 2: Atmega 324P 2. CPLD (MAX7000s-EPM7064SLC44-10) - The CPLD is necessary once again due to the large number of Input / Output pins. This particular unit has 40 pins that can be used. In addition, the functions of the Pins and the controls can be easily reconfigured for any purpose. 3. RFID Reader - This component is necessary because the MAID needs a secure means of determining identification. It is critical to have someone who is knowledgeable about the medications and dosage to be the only one able to load and set alarms. 4. Real Time Clock (RTC - DS1307) - This component is significant for several reasons. The first is it needs to be powered with an additional 3.3v battery. This allows the unit to keep track of the date and the time even if the power is removed. The RTC is also easily communicates with the microprocessor through I 2 C communication. 5. Graphical LCD Screen (TG12864H3-04A) - The graphical LCD was chosen over the standard LCD because the Graphical LCD has more room on the screen to display information. This is critical because the user interface needs to be simple and easy to set up, a larger menu is one method of accomplishing this goal. In addition the Graphical LCD also allows pictures which will be used for a logo and possibly instructions. Figure 3: TG12864H3-04A Graphical LCD

Page 10/12 6. EEPROM - The EEPROM is necessary because the sounds that are used take a substantial amount of space. The Atmega processor does not retain enough internal memory to save the sound therefore external memory is needed. In addition, this memory must be non-volatile so the sound files are not lost. Analog Components 1. ADC Components a. Infrared Sensors / Photodiodes Sensors - The Infrared and Photodiodes are used together for detection. The first pair is necessary to detect if pills are actually dropped when the alarm goes off. The main concern is the machine has no simple means of detecting how many pills are left in the dispenser. The second pair is necessary to ensure that the user takes the pills from the dispenser area. b. Volume Control Potentiometer - This component is mainly so that the user can adjust the volume level of the alarms. Turning the control all the way in one direction will turn off the sound, the added flashing lights are critical as an alarm indicator. c. ADC Pins are built into the Atmega and this allows us to read in Analog Values 2. DAC Components a. Speakers - The speakers are needed to play sound for the alarm. b. Amplifiers (LM386N) - The op amps are necessary to boost the sound to increase the volume of the alarm. c. DAC (LTC1661) - This is a serial DAC to allow us to save us on use of pins. Mechanical Components 1. Motors - The motors are the key component in driving the Pill Dropping mechanism. The pill dropping system work so that the pills are loaded into a large wheel. This wheel is then turned by the motor to dispense the pills Miscellaneous Components These are additional components 1. LEDs - LED's are necessary in several locations in the design. The most important is the LEDs light up when the pill selection button is pressed. This lets the user know which pills are selected to drop at a specific alarm. 2. Push Buttons - The Push Buttons are used for two primary reasons. The first reason is that several push buttons are used to control the menu options on the LCD screen. The second reason is they are used to select which pills are to drop at a specific alarm. 3. Resistors 4. Capacitors 5. Voltage Regulator - Several Components require a 3.3v power supply instead of the 5v supply provided by the wall plug. 6. Hardstock Wood - This material is cheap and study. It will be the primary construction material for the casing of the MAID. 7. Screws, Brackets 8. 3.3V Battery - Necessary for the RTC.

Page 11/12 Distribution of Labor The following is chart is segmented into the different sections and the project labor for each team member. Steven Sengberg Christopher Wilson Preliminary Research 35 65 Design Phase 60 40 Board Construction 60 40 Test and Debug 50 50 Physical Assembly 45 55 Table 2: Distribution of Labor Cost Objectives Components Cost RFID $30 GLCD ST7565 $20 (2) Atmega324P ($7) $14 (5) Quadruple Half-H Driver $10 SN754410 CPLD ($8.4) ~$9 (13) Buttons ~$5 (10) LEDS ($.30) ~$3 EEPROM ~$3 Realtime Clock DS1307 ~$1 Serial DAC LTC1661 ~$1 Audio Amplifier LM386B ~$1.50 Table 3: Estimated cost of electrical components We expect the price of the electrical components to be about $100 and the structural components to be under $70.

Page 12/12 Gantt Chart Figure 4: Gantt Chart References (1) http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v04/n1730/a06.html (2) http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/medicationelderly.htm (3) http://www.livestrong.com/article/206756-about-the-elderly-forgetting-to-take-medications/