B. ROLE OF THE EIS IN THE APPROVALS PROCESS

Chapter 2: Methodology A. INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and its role in the approval process for the East River Esplanade and Piers Project (the Proposed Action), the analysis scenarios, and the analysis years. It also identifies the other projects to be completed in Lower Manhattan by the analysis year. B. ROLE OF THE EIS IN THE APPROVALS PROCESS As a recipient of HUD Community Development Block Grant Funds, LMDC prepared this Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 2 USC Section 321 et seq. The New York State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA), City Environmental Quality Review (CEQR), and their implementing regulations are referenced as appropriate. Because the Proposed Action is entirely within New York City and will involve actions by the City Planning Commission, the CEQR Technical Manual generally serves as a guide with respect to methodologies and impact criteria for evaluating the Proposed Action in this DEIS. The City is serving as a cooperating agency through relevant departments including the New York City Departments of Parks and Recreation (DPR), City Planning (DCP), and Transportation (DOT). The New York City Economic Development Corporation (EDC) will continue to work with the City in connection with the Proposed Action. C. EIS PROCESS/SCHEDULE To date, the following actions have been taken regarding the environmental review process: March 9, 2006 LMDC Board approved the Lead Agency Declaration, made the Determination of Potentially Significant Impact, approved the Draft Scope for the EIS, authorized review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and authorized the public meeting on the Draft Scope and Section 106 review. March 22, 2006 LMDC posted on its website the Notice of Intent to prepare an EIS, the Draft Scope for the EIS, and Notice of LMDC Public Comment Meeting. LMDC circulated copies of the Draft Scope to Cooperating/Involved Governmental Entities and made copies available to other governmental agencies, community organizations, businesses, and the public. March 22, 2006 LMDC published notices inviting public comments on the Draft Scope through April 27, 2006. April 11, 2006 LMDC held Public Comment Meeting on Draft Scope for the EIS. April 27, 2006 Deadline for receipt by LMDC of public comments on the Draft Scope. 2-1

East River Waterfront Esplanade and Piers June 8, 2006 In consideration of the comments received, LMDC Board approved the Final Scope for the EIS. June 1, 2006 LMDC posted the Final Scope on its website and made copies available to cooperating/involved government agencies and those persons who submitted comments on the Draft Scope. D. FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS This DEIS follows the customary approach to presenting an impact analysis under NEPA, SEQRA, and CEQR starting with a baseline of existing conditions in the relevant study areas and then forecasting those conditions forward to a time in the future that is appropriate for assessing project impacts. Future year conditions with and without the Proposed Action are then compared as a basis for presenting incremental change and identifying impacts. The reference point of conditions without the project is established by adjusting existing conditions to account for other known developments, policy initiatives, and trends that are expected to influence future conditions in the study area. This future condition without the project is then modified by overlaying the development and activity expected from the proposal under review to form a depiction of future conditions with the project in place. This comparison of future conditions with and without the project identifies the project impacts and the need, if any, for mitigation. As stated above, the CEQR Technical Manual generally serves as a guide with respect to methodologies and impact criteria for evaluating the Proposed Action in this EIS. The analysis in each substantive area of impact assessment is consistent with federal, state and city requirements and guidelines, which are identified in each chapter as applicable. The full range of environmental areas identified in the CEQR Technical Manual was considered. However, based on the guidelines in that document, it was determined that a shadows analysis would not be necessary because the Proposed Action does not meet the criteria to warrant such analysis. Although the proposed buildings would be immediately adjacent to public open spaces, they are either pavilions under the canopy of the FDR Drive, a structure that would replace an older building (the New Market Building), or pier structures that create a variation in the topography of a pier. Further, historic resources in the vicinity of the Proposed Action do not have light-sensitive features or historic landscapes. Therefore, a shadows analysis is not required for either public open space or historic resources. Shade on the water from the proposed expansion of the esplanade between the Battery Maritime Building (BMB) and Pier 11 is addressed in Chapter 9, Natural Resources. It was also determined that an analysis of community facilities would not be necessary, as the Proposed Action would not directly affect any community facilities, nor would it introduce new residents who would increase demands on the area s community facilities. E. ANALYSIS YEAR For analysis purposes it has been assumed that the Proposed Action would be completed by 2009. The reconstruction of South Street between Whitehall and Dover Streets would be timed to correspond with the esplanade improvements. While funding for the BMB plaza, the New Market Building replacement, and the beach on Pier 2 has not yet been identified, the City is seeking funding for those elements and would pursue them concurrently with the Proposed Action, if possible. They are therefore analyzed in this EIS with the other elements of the Proposed Action. It has been conservatively assumed that construction of the Proposed Action, 2-2

Chapter 2: Methodology the South Street improvements, and the independent nearby projects would take place concurrently. F. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ANALYSIS A number of major recovery projects are underway in Lower Manhattan and will continue to be in construction through the analysis year for the Proposed Action. They include the new South Ferry Subway Terminal near the location of the proposed BMB plaza and the Fulton Street Transit Center several blocks east of the East River waterfront between Maiden Lane and Fulton Street and along Fulton Street to William Street. In addition, the World Trade Center site, the permanent PATH Terminal and Route 9A will be in construction all to the west of Church Street. As Lower Manhattan will be subject to these major rebuilding efforts over the next decade a method for considering the cumulative impacts of these projects has been developed focusing on five areas of potential concern during the construction period that have been identified by and agreed to by LMDC and the various cooperating/involved agencies: Air quality; Access and circulation; Cultural resources; Noise and vibration; and Economic effects. Other areas of potential cumulative effects during construction will also be reviewed as appropriate, including waste disposal, water quality, neighborhood character, and traffic. Although the construction of the Proposed Action would be of a far smaller scale than the major recovery projects, its potential impacts are considered in relation to the potential cumulative impacts of those larger projects in particular, the closest ones, South Ferry Subway Terminal and the Fulton Street Transit Center. The analysis presents both the individual construction-period environmental impacts of the Proposed Action and the environmental conditions resulting from the combined impacts of the Proposed Action and the major Lower Manhattan projects. G. BACKGROUND PROJECTS The analyses presented in this DEIS take into consideration current conditions and development that is currently projected outside the Proposed Action. As described in more detail in Chapter 3, Land Use, Zoning, and Public Policy, there are a large number of residential projects, both new buildings and conversions, large and small, in construction or being planned (see Table 2-3 and Figure 2-1). INDEPENDENT NEARBY PROJECTS Although South Street is its western edge, the Proposed Action has been designed to be compatible with other independently proposed open space improvements linking adjacent communities to the waterfront. These include improvements to Peck, Catherine, Rutgers and 2-3

PIKE ST 8.11.06 WEST ST W BROADWAY PARK PL MURRAY ST CHAMBERS ST CENTER ST HAYES PL PARK ROW OLIVER ST E BROADWAY HENRY ST 55 JEFFERSON ST MONTGOMERY ST GOUVERNEUR ST VESEY ST BARCLAY ST ST JAMES' PL JAMES ST MARKET ST 25 9 MADISON ST RUTGERS ST CLINTON ST GREENWICH ST MARINE PL STATE ST CEDAR ST ALBANY ST WASHINGTON ST MORRIS ST BROADWAY GREENWICH ST EXCHANGE AL EXCHANGE PLZ TRINITY PL RECTOR ST NEW ST STONE ST THAMES ST 5 MARKETFIELD ST BROAD ST CHURCH ST LIBERTY PLZ BEAVER ST DEY ST CORTLANDT ST 25 CEDAR ST WALL ST 8 9 EXCHANGE PL 6 7 16 S WILLIAM ST 2 STONE ST LIBERTY PL 39 36 38 37 35 LIBERTY ST HANOVER ST NASSAU ST MAIDEN LA PINE ST JOHN ST CEDAR ST 10 11 13 12 1 18 15 17 THEATRE AL ANN ST FULTON ST DUTCH ST GOUVERNEUR LA 0 1 33 28 27 2 3 WILLIAM ST BEEKMAN ST PLATT ST 23 29 21 22 20 30 22 FRONT ST FLETCHER ST SPRUCE ST 5 EDENS AL CLIFF ST GOLD ST SEAPORT PLZ 31 32 BURLING SLIP ROSE ST FRANKFORT ST BEEKMAN ST PECK SLIP WATER ST 6 3 52 FRONT ST 51 PEARL ST 19 7 DOVERS ST WAGNER PL SOUTH ST CATHARINE ST MONROE ST CHERRY ST WATER ST 8 MARKET SLIP 53 5 50 FDR DR SOUTH ST WATER ST E A S T R I V E R BATTERY PARK PLZ WHITEHALL ST BRIDGE ST MOORE ST COENTIES SLIP 26 OLD SLIP OLD SLIP 2 STATE ST PLZ 3 1 N Project Site Primary Land Use Study Area Secondary Land Use Study Area EAST RIVER Waterfront Esplanade and Piers 0 1600 FEET SCALE Background Projects Figure 2-1

East River Waterfront Esplanade and Piers Table 2-3 Background Projects in the Future Without the Proposed Action Map No. Name/Location Type of Development 1 Battery Maritime Building Renovation of building to house retail use 2 3 Battery Park Reconstruction of South Ferry Terminal in Peter Minuit Plaza Renovations to playground and Town Green; creation of aquatic-themed amusement ride Transportation East River Waterfront Access: Peck, Catherine, Rutgers, and Montgomery Slips; south of FDR Dr. from Montgomery to Jackson Streets Improve pedestrian connections between the East River Waterfront and adjacent neighborhoods in Lower Manhattan 5 60 Broad Street 200 DU, 800,000 SF Office 6 The Exchange, 25 Broad Street 36 DU 7 15 William Street 38 DU, 68,000 SF Office, 5,500 SF Retail 8 Downtown by Starck, 23 Wall Street / 15 Broad Street 382 DU, 850,000 SF Community Facility 9 37 Wall Street 392 DU (Conversion) 10 Cipriani Residences/Wall Street Regent Hotel, 55 Wall Street 200 DU (Conversion) 11 63 Wall Street 76 DU 12 67 Wall Street 357 DU (Conversion) 20 Exchange Place 369 DU (Conversion); 133,000 sf retail; 13 335,000 sf office (office already exists) 1 Cocoa Exchange, 1 Wall St Court (82 Beaver St) 12 DU (conversion) 15 British Memorial Garden at Hanover Square Open space 16 Block Hall, 21-23 South William 31 DU (condos) 17 10 Hanover Square 93 DU (Conversion) 18 75 Wall Street 37 DU, 300 hotel rooms 19 55 Water Street 518,050 SF Office 20 56 Pine Street 90 DU 21 50 Pine Street 20 DU 22 100 Maiden Lane 336 DU; 15,000 SF Retail 23 10 Liberty Street 28 DU, 3,000 SF retail 2 Two Chase Manhattan Plaza (20 Pine Street) 09 DU (Conversion); 15,000 SF Retail 25 Market Street* 16 DU 26 55 Water Street 518,050 SF Office 27 79 Maiden Lane 00 DU 28 90 William Street 128 DU 29 2 Gold Street* 605 DU, 2,500 SF retail 30 201 Pearl Street 315 DU, 30,000 SF retail 31 85 South Street 50 DU 32 80 South Street 2 DU 33 Five Nine John Lofts, 59 John Street 7 DU (Conversion) 3 102 Fulton Street 1 DU 35 39 John Street 10 DU 36 130 Fulton Street 20 DU (Conversion) 37 29 John Street 52 DU 2-

Chapter 2: Methodology Table 2-3 (cont d) Background Projects in the Future Without the Proposed Action Map No. Name/Location Type of Development 38 17 John Street 111 DU Fulton Street Transit Center, Fulton Street and Transportation 39 Broadway 0 5 Beekman Street 122 DU 1 113 Nassau St 35 DU (new construction) 2 Fultonhaus, 119 Fulton Street 19 DU (Conversion) 3 Front St between Beekman and Peck Slip 100 DU 250 Water Street 300 DU, 175,000 SF institutional 5 NYU Downtown Hospital site between Spruce and Beekman Streets 720 DU, 2,000 ambulatory care facility, 2,00 sf retail, 630-Seat K-8 School 6 Hampton Inn, 320 Pearl Street* 80 hotel rooms 7 26 Front Street 9 DU, 3,000 SF Retail 8 New York Post Building, Catherine Slip at Water Street 650 DU 9 150 Madison Street 73,000 SF manufacturing 50 Basketball City, Pier 36 6 indoor basketball courts, workout room, locker room, administrative offices 51 Tin Building, Pier 17 additional 25,000 sf retail space 52 Former Fulton Market fish stalls, north side of South Street between Fulton and Beekman Streets 0,000 sf retail 53 80 Rutgers Slip 85 DU 5 South and Clinton Streets 200-250 DU 55 The Forward Building, 175 East Broadway* 39 DU (conversion) 56 25 Front Street Approx. 20 DU and,200 sf retail Notes: DU = Dwelling Units * Project has recently been completed and occupied. Sources: New York City Economic Development Corporation (EDC); New York City Department of City Planning (DCP); New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD). Montgomery Slips. At Pier 2, in the area where the FDR Drive returns to grade, a bikeway/walkway is proposed to connect the esplanade to be constructed under the Proposed Action to the existing East River Park. In addition, under this separate project a berm would be created along the roadway to block traffic noise to the bikeway/walkway. On Pier 36 the City is creating an East River location for Basketball City, which will use a portion of the pier for six indoor basketball courts, a workout room, locker rooms, and administrative offices. The proposed facility will also include a parking area and an outdoor basketball court, and will provide access and improvements to the waterfront on the portion of Pier 36 that it occupies. The City is also considering adaptive reuse proposals for the BMB. Piers 13 and 1 could be rebuilt as part of other planning initiatives in the future beyond the Proposed Action s 2009 Build year, and Pier 17 may also be reconfigured. The City s proposed Fulton Corridor Revitalization Program will include an array of improvements along Fulton Street between Broadway and South Street. This project, which will likely be completed after the Proposed Action s 2009 Build year, will include streetscape improvements, incentives for façade 2-5

East River Waterfront Esplanade and Piers rehabilitation, the renovation of Titanic Memorial Park at the corner of Fulton and Water Streets, and the renovation of the 5,200 square foot Pearl Street Tot Lot at Fulton and Pearl Streets. The existing DeLury Square at Fulton and Gold Streets would be expanded to become a 10,000- square-foot park, and a new 22,000-square-foot children s playground would be created at Burling Slip. However, these are all separate projects with independent utility from the Proposed Action, have separate funding and approval processes, and would be subject to their own environmental review processes. OTHER PROJECTS EAST OF BROADWAY IN LOWER MANHATTAN The conversion of large office buildings in the Wall Street area to residential use is underway or planned at a number of locations including 5 and 63 Wall Street and 20 Exchange Place. A new residential building is under construction at 15 William Street and a new 7-story building with an elementary school is planned on the site of the NYU Downtown Hospital parking lot on Beekman Street. A residential tower designed by Santiago Calatrava is proposed at 80 South Street. Between the Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges, the development of approximately 650 housing units is proposed on the site of the six-story New York Post building, which occupies an entire block bounded by Water, Catherine, South, and Market Streets. East of the Manhattan Bridge, at South and Clinton Streets, up to approximately 250 units of infill housing are proposed opposite the project site within the Two Bridges Urban Renewal Area. 2-6