Sediment and Particulate Control BMPs September 28, 2017 Presentation Created in Collaboration With Pepe Lopez, Luis Girado, and Timothy Lang Everglades Research and Education Center
Introduction Sediment/Particulate BMP Photos Participants Experiences Purpose/Objectives Implementation Benefits/Hindrance Economics
100% Phosphorus Dissolved Sediment ~40 % Soluble P: Fertilizer/Soil/Sediment ~60 % Particulate P: Sediment/Detritius
BMP PTS DESCRIPTION NUTRIENT CONTROL : MINIMIZE MOVEMENT OF NUTRIENTS OFF-SITE Nutrient Application Control 2½ Controlled application of nutrients; banding, controlled application Nutrient Spill Prevention 2½ Formal spill protocols: storage, handling, transfer, and education/instruction Rotational Vegetable Planting 2½ Rotation planting of high P/low P demand crops to avoid P build up Plant Tissue Analysis 2½ Determines plant nutrient requirements via tissue testing Soil Test Based Fertilization 5 Determine soil P requirements and follow standard recommendations Split Nutrient Application 5 Applying split P without exceeding total recommendation Slow Release P Fertilizer 5 Specially treated fertilizer Reduced P Fertilization 5 P application rate is at least 30% below recommendation WATER MANAGEMENT : MINIMIZE THE VOLUME OF OFF-SITE DRAINAGE DISCHARGE ½ Inch Detained 5 Delay discharge: based on measuring daily rain events using a rain gauge 1 Inch Detained 10 Delay discharge: based on measuring daily rain events using a rain gauge Improved Infrastructure 5 Re-circulate water; fallow field flood; increase water detention Water Table Management 5 Optimizing drainage and irrigation schedules to decrease discharge PARTICULATE P AND SEDIMENT CONTROL : MINIMIZE MOVEMENT OF PARTICULATE MATTER AND CANAL SEDIMENTS Any 2 Any 4 Any 6 Any 8 2½ 5 10 15 Leveling fields Slow drainage velocity near pumps Grassed swales/field ditch connections Ditch bank berms Canal cleaning program Aquatic weed control Field ditch drainage sumps Barriers at discharge locations Ditch bank stabilization Sediment sump/trap in canals Soil stabilization through infrastructure improvements Cover crops Culvert bottoms above ditch bottoms Vegetated ditch banks Other BMPs TBD BMPs proposed by permittee and accepted by SFWMD
Land leveling Ditch/canal bank berms Sediment sump main canal Grassed ditch/canal banks Cover crops Ditch culvert riser boards Raised ditch culverts Canal and ditch cleaning Drainage ditch sumps Floating aquatic weed control Weed boom/trash racks Barriers at discharge locations
Objective(s): efficient drain/irrigation Implementation: level prior to planting Benefits: improved crop yield Economics:??
Objective(s): reduce particulate P export Implementation: mech remove as needed Benefits/Hindrance:?? Economics: low cost
Floating Barriers or Weed Booms Objective(s): reduce P export Implementation: mech remove Benefits:?? Economics: low cost
Objective(s):?? Implementation: plant between crops Benefits: improve soil productivity Economics: low cost
Objective(s):?? Implementation: mow not spray banks Benefits/Hindrance: (rat problems?) Economics: low cost
A Crop B Field Ditch Bank Berm Soil Berm Vegetated Ditch Banks Soil Berm Soil Caprock Main Canal Bank Berm Crop?? Implementation: initial Benefits: soil loss Economics: high Crop Slope Road Vegetated Canal Banks Road Slope Crop Caprock
Objective(s): catch sediments Implementation: initial then occasional Benefits/Hindrance:?? Economics: high initial/then low
Objective(s):?? Implementation: install culvert boards Benefits: manage field drainage Economics: low
Objective(s): catch soil/sediment Implementation: initial then yearly Benefits:?? Economics: initial high then low Field Ditch Sump Riser Road Drainage Canal Culvert Sediment Accumulation Caprock
Objective(s):?? Implementation: raise culverts IP Benefits/Hindrance: recycle sediments Economics: initial moderate
Objective(s): remove P sediment Implementation: Benefits: improved drainage Economics: moderate/high
Canal Cleaning Program: Where to Place the Sediment? Best Better OK
THANK YOU! Questions?