Site and Environmental Systems Planning 11.S953 Special Course Credits: 15 units Credits: 6 units Schedule: TR (2:00-5:00) Schedule: TR (5:00-7:00) This is taken only by the students enrolled in 11.304 for p/f SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS PLANNING CULTURE, NATURE, and [RESILIENT] URBANISM INSTRUCTORS: Mary Anne Ocampo maocampo@mit.edu Phone: 617. 253.7305 Office: 10-487m Stephen Gray sgray@mit.edu Phone: 617. 253.7305 Office: 10-487m TA: Sneha Mandhan smandhan@mit.edu SCHEDULE: Tuesday and Thursday 2 pm -7 pm Rm 10-485 COURSE DESCRIPTION Site Planning is the process of analyzing and understanding the cultural, natural, and morphological characteristics of a place and translating this comprehensive profile into meaningful design and development proposals. It is an inherently iterative process that involves shifting between regional, city, district, and localized scales in order to appropriately respond to the various environmental, economic, political, and social forces at play. In recent years we have witnessed rapid environmental changes and an increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters impacting densely populated areas, as evident by Super Storm Sandy in the coastal northeast. At the same time, many US cities have also experienced a renewed interest in urban living, signaling a trending shift away from the profligate suburban model which dominated most of the second half of the 20th century and resulted in 75% percent of contemporary development, to a greater cosmopolitanism. Archaic zoning ordinances are being thoroughly overhauled to permit higher density, mixed-use development, especially near new transit stations. New flats and townhouses are attracting young professionals, empty nesters, single-parent families, and elders, people who historically have had limited housing choices in suburban areas are projected to comprise 85% of new US households population in the next quarter century. 1 Considering the significant cultural shift to preferences for urban living together with the ever-increasing natural and environmental challenges of 21st century, designers and planners will be required to envision bold new strategies for resilient urban and suburban retrofit. The subject of this studio is to explore strategies for the resilient retrofit of the Nassau County communities of the Massapequas on South Shore Long Island in the aftermath of Super Storm Sandy. We will focus on the area directly southeast of Levittown as a prototype for rethinking the existing organizational patterns of a densely developed suburban community that will continue to experience the destructive impacts of nature, into a community that is more economically, socially and environmentally resilient. Building on extensive area studies, including the ongoing New York Rising area plan for the Massapequas coordinated by New York State with Arup and Sasaki Associates, the studio will develop urban design proposals that purposefully negotiate between the need for visionary and large-scale solutions, and the more pragmatic demands related to local stakeholder concerns. Proposals will require students to Ellen Dunham-Jones. Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2009 (p. vi-vii)
contemplate the viability of a homogenous morphology, the relationship of development to water, and the unmet potential that the Long Island Rail Road presents by a less than one hour commute to Penn Station. The goal of the course is for students to gain an understanding of and experience in applying the methods and strategies for housing and economic development, physical and cultural infrastructures, and flood responsive landscapes. Cultural and natural systems will be analyzed and interwoven in an effort to creatively explore new forms of urbanity that increase resiliency in suburban coastal communities. Within a research and analysis framework, students will assemble and apply an urban design and resiliency toolkit that responds to the impacts of Super Storm Sandy, anticipates future storm events, and aims to achieve long-term economic and social sustainability by more flexibly responding to the diverse demands of the region as a whole. COURSE STRUCTURE The course will be organized in two phases: Phase I: Resiliency Research 5 Studies For the first five-weeks, students will conduct resiliency research and analysis, illustrating the circumstances leading up to Super Storm Sandy, assessing post-sandy conditions, and identifying opportunities for resilient retrofit. The objective of the first phase is to create a comprehensive analytical profile for the Massapequas at three scales: the mega-region (New York City and Long Island), the town (Massapequa communities) and the district (centers, edges and intra-community connections). Students will work in pairs and will focus on one theme per week: 1: Mapping Massapequa(s) 2: Staking Claim 3: Visualizing Vulnerabilities 4: Identifying Opportunities 5: Building Case Studies Phase II: Urban Design Proposals Continuing to work in pairs and drawing from the Phase One analysis, students will develop physical district scale design proposals. They will work within one of three contexts (centers, edges or intra-community connections) and explore design approaches to resilient retrofit by taking one of three theoretical urban design attitudes: ReNew-ed Urbanism Landscape Urbanism Tactical Urbanism All proposals must: (1) respond to short-term community needs, and (2) provide a long-term resiliency vision. Emphasis will be on planning and design thinking that negotiates between regional strategies and local interventions that respond to community needs. The work of the studio will be collaboratively composed into a publication by the end of the semester. COURSE OBJECTIVES The course objectives consist of mastering several concepts in order to: Learn a process for land evaluation Understand spatial and temporal relationships between individual site factors and local and regional contexts Identify basic relationships between natural and cultural processes and how they influence site planning decisions Learn and apply a variety of methods for "reading" sites through research and analysis Learn important technical skills needed in the site planning process Evaluate and critique alternative site development proposals Practice techniques commonly utilized by planning and design professionals Develop team and interdisciplinary skills
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION 10% Class Involvement (comprised of attendance and discussions)* 10% Sketchbook 30% Phase I: Resiliency Research and Analysis 5 Studies 50% Phase II: Urban Design Proposals *Attendance is mandatory for classes. Any known absence must be arranged with the instructors or teaching assistant in advance and work is expected to be turned in on time or per alternate arrangements. COMPUTER GRAPHICS This course will cover the fundamentals of programs that are commonly used in the industry. Since teaching computer graphics is not the main objective of the course, students are expected to invest their personal time to continuously improve their skills. Below is a list of programs that will be used during the semester: Adobe Illustrator, InDesign and Photoshop ArcMap GIS Autocad Sketchup * Rhino (subject to coordination with DUSP Viz Tutorials) *Note that the stellar class site contains some free online tutorials for these applications. Many of these programs are provided for free or at a discount by the institution and its partners. Please see the CRON website (http://crn.mit.edu/p.lasso?t=8:5:0) for additional information. MATERIALS Readings and other auxiliary resources will be distributed in class. They will be updated weekly and can be downloaded from the class website: http://stellar.mit.edu/s/course/11/sp14/11.304j/
SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS PLANNING Schedule Resiliency Research and Analysis 5 Studies 1 Tues 4-Feb Introduction to the Course Thurs 6-Feb Desk Crits 2 Tues 11-Feb Desk Crits Thurs 13-Feb Pin-up of Study 1 3 Tues 18-Feb Desk Crits Thurs 20-Feb Pin-up of Study 2 and Studio Publication Charrette 4 Tues 25-Feb Desk Crits Thurs 27-Feb Pin-up of Study 3 5 Tues 4-Mar Desk Crits Thurs 6-Mar Pin-up of Study 4 and Indesign Tutorial 6 Tues 11-Mar Desk Crits Thurs 13-Mar Review of Phase I (5 Studies) Fri- Sun 14-16 March Potential Trip to Long Island Urban Design Proposals 7 Tues 18-Mar Urban Design Proposals Landscape Workshop: Constructing Contour Models Thurs 20-Mar Urban Design Proposals 8 Tues 25-Mar Spring Break Thurs 27-Mar Spring Break 9 Tues 1-Apr Desk Crits Landscape Workshop: Design Thinking 10 Thurs 3-Apr Pin-up of 3 Concepts Tues 8-Apr Desk Crits Landscape Workshop: Representation Thurs 10-Apr Desk Crits 11 Tues 15-Apr Desk Crits Thurs 17-Apr Review 12 Tues 22-Apr Thurs 24-Apr Desk Crits 13 Tues 29-Apr Pin-up (Draft Boards) Thurs 1-May Desk Crits 14 Tues 6-May Desk Crits Thurs 8-May Final Review Patriots Day--No Classes
RESOURCES SITE Lynch, Kevin and Gary Hack. Site Planning. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1984. Marsh, William. 1998. Landscape Planning Environmental Applications. NY: John Wiley & Sons. Randolph, John 2004. Environmental Land use Planning and Management. Washington DC: Island Press. HISTORICAL CONTEXT Wright, Gwendolyn Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America. MIT Press, 1981 Chap. 13: The New Suburban Expansion and the American Dream (pp. 240-261) Chap. 14: Reserving Homes and Promoting Change (pp. 262-281) Nicolaides, Becky & Wiese, Andrew. The Suburb Reader. Routledge, 2006 Essay 14-2: Mahler, Sarah, American Dreaming: Immigrant Life on the Margins (pp. 433-438) THEORETICAL APPROACHES Krieger, Alex & Saunders, William. Urban Design. University of Minnesota Press, 2008 Krieger, Alex, Where Does Urban Design Happen? Congress for the New Urbanism. Charter of the New Urbanism, Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, Vol. 20, No. 4, August 2000, 339-341 Waldheim, Charles. The Landscape Urbanism Reader. NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006 Corner, James, Terra Fluxus Waldheim, Charles, Landscape as Urbanism Lydon, Mike (The Streetplans Collaborative) Tactical Urbanism 2: Short-term Action, Long-term Change, 2012 MAPPING AND DATA Fry, Ben. Visualizing Data: Exploring and Explaining Data with the Processing Environment McHarg, Ian L. Design With Nature. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992. Monmonier, Mark. Cartographies of Danger: Mapping Hazards in America. 1st ed. University Of Chicago Press, 1998. Monmonier, Mark, and H. J. de Blij. How to Lie with Maps. 2nd ed. University Of Chicago Press, 1996. Tufte, Edward R. Envisioning Information. Cheshire, Connecticut: Graphics Press, 1990. Worth a thousand words: Three of the best graphics from history, The Economist, December 19, 2007.
DISASTER PLANNING Comerio, Mary C. Disaster Hits Home: New Policy for Urban Housing Recovery. 1st ed. University of California Press, 1998. Deyle, Robert, Charles Eadie, Jim Schwab, Richard Smith, and Kenneth Topping. Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction. APA Planning Advisory Service, 1998 (ISBN 978-1-884729-25-6) Lizarralde, Gonzalo, Cassidy Johnson, and Colin Davidson. Rebuilding After Disasters: From Emergency to Sustainability. 1st ed. Spon Press, 2009. Vale, Lawrence J. and Thomas J. Campanella. The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover from Disaster. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. DESIGN On the Water: Palisade Bay (HC). By Guy Nordenson, Catherine Seavitt, and Adam Yarinsk Dunham-Jones, Ellen and Williamson, June; Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2009