Keeping the Rain from the Drain

Keeping the Rain from the Drain Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program Rain Gardens and Rain Barrels Jessica Brown, PE www.water.rutgers.edu Seaweeders Garden Club Presentation January 12, 2015

Rutgers Cooperative Extension Rutgers Cooperative Extension (RCE) helps the diverse population of New Jersey adapt to a rapidly changing society and improves their lives through an educational process that uses science-based knowledge.

The Rutgers Cooperative Extension (RCE) Water Resources Program was created to help provided solutions to New Jersey s water resources problems. It is a multi-disciplinary program that integrates teaching, research, and extension and develops strong partnerships.

Water Resources Program Our Mission is to identify and address community water resources issues using sustainable and practical science-based solutions.

Chris Obropta, Ph.D., P.E. Jeremiah Bergstrom, LLA, ASLA Jessica Brown, P.E. Lisa Galloway Evrard Sara Mellor Kyle Gourley, E.I.T. Rosana Da Silva Chris Perez Michelle Hartmann Tyler Wibbelt

New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium Water Resources Program NJSGC continues to be focused on its vision for a sustainable future for New Jersey s coastal environment and is committed to its mission to promote responsible use of New Jersey s coastal and marine resources. Throughout its long history, the NJSGC has worked to accomplish this through innovative research, education and extension programs. Aquaculture Marine Recreation Water Quality Coastal Processes

What is Stormwater? Stormwater is the water from rain or melting snows that can become runoff, flowing over the ground surface and returning to lakes and streams.

The Impact of Development on Stormwater Runoff Water Resources Program 10% 20% 30% 55% More development More impervious surfaces More stormwater runoff

The Urban Hydrologic Cycle Water Resources Program

Water Pollution Sources Water Resources Program POINT SOURCE POLLUTION NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION Environmental Health Perspective, National Institute of Health

Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPS) Associated with stormwater runoff Runoff collects pollutants on its way to a sewer system or water body It cannot be traced to a direct discharge point such as a wastewater treatment facility

Examples of NPS Oil and grease from cars Fertilizers Animal waste Grass clippings Septic systems Sewage leaks Household cleaning products Litter Agriculture Sediment

TO MINIMIZE IMPACT OF STORMWATER RUNOFF, YOU MUST CONTROL RUNOFF FROM IMPERVIOUS SURFACES

Impervious surfaces

We must deal with impacts from impervious cover Are there impervious surfaces that you can eliminate? If we can't eliminate it, can we reduce it? If we can't eliminate or reduce it, can we disconnect it? Are there impervious surfaces that you can harvest rainwater for reuse? Are there conveyance systems that can be converted to bioswales?

Connected or Disconnected?

Green Infrastructure is... an approach to stormwater management that is cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. Green Infrastructure projects: capture, filter, absorb, and reuse stormwater to maintain or mimic natural systems and treat runoff as a resource.

Lots of Options for Green Infrastructure SCMs Bioretention Cisterns Curbless Parking Lots Islands Downspout Disconnect Grassed Swales Green Roofs Wet Ponds Infiltration Trench Narrow Roads Permeable Pavement Rain Barrels Rain Garden Sand Filter http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes Tree Planting /stormwater/menuofbmps Buffers Wetlands Dry Detention

What can you and I do to keep the rain from the drain?

Disconnect your downspout by installing a rain barrel Water Resources Program

Why Rain Barrels? Water Resources Program Actions and practices for SUSTAINABLE LIVING: Water Conservation Capturing Rain Water Runoff Reducing Water Pollution

The Need for Water Conservation Saves money on utility bills Helps prevent water pollution and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) extends the life and reliability public and private infrastructure prevents or postpones the need to fund and build expanded public works systems

Reduce Rain Water Runoff

How much water can you harvest from one rooftop? Using a roof area of 800 ft 2 (40 x 20 ) Photo by: SharkeyinColo 1" rainfall event = 500 gallons 42" rainfall per year = 20,950 gallons

Saving Water Saves You Money One rain barrel can save you 1400 gallons of non-potable water in peak summer months

Downspout Disconnection/Redirection

Your plants will love it No salts or chemicals, slightly acidic ph

Protect valuable landscape plants during times of drought No Rain Barrel With Rain Barrel

Rain Barrel Use and Care Do not use rain barrel water for cooking or drinking Do not collect rain water if you have used a moss-killer on your roof Water Resources Program Photo by: BugSpray.com

Use of Rain Barrel Water Use water within a week or two to discourage algae growth Use water before next rain is expected or connect to soaker hose in garden Water Resources Program

Use of Rain Barrel Water In addition to watering shrubs, trees & gardens: Water Resources Program Wash the dog, car or muddy feet Use in toilet tanks Use in birdbaths

Use of Rain Barrel Water Vegetable Gardens Have water tested! Water Resources Program Recommended tests include: metals (zinc, lead, chromium, arsenic), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pathogens (fecal coliform, and E. coli). Metals and hydrocarbon tests are important if you have asphalt shingles or if you live in a very urban area.

Care of Your Rain Barrel Keep screen on top and a garden hose attached to the overflow to prevent mosquitoes change screen every 2 years Remove debris from screen after storms Disconnect the barrel in winter store inside or outside with a cover Clean out with long brush and water/ dilute bleach solution (~3%) Water Resources Program

So Many Barrels to Choose From

One Barrel at a Time Co-op Water Resources Program Artist: Edwin Messey Artist: April Lippet Artist: Joan M. Horn Artist: Abigail Miranda Artist: Dorothy Cohen

NJ Sea Grant New Jersey Top Ten Beaches 2014 Rain Barrel-of-Fundraiser

QUESTIONS ABOUT RAIN BARRELS? Photo courtesy of gingersguide.com

Another solution Water Resources Program

Rain Gardens A rain garden is a landscaped, shallow depression that is designed to intercept, treat, and infiltrate stormwater at the source before it becomes runoff. The plants used in the rain garden are native to the region and help retain pollutants that could otherwise harm nearby waterways.

Rain Gardens Water Resources Program 24 to 48 hours. Courtesy of City of Maplewood, MN

PARTS OF A RAIN GARDEN p. 28

SITE SELECTION & DESIGN PLANNING YOUR RAIN GARDEN

SITE SELECTION p. 17 1. Next to a building with a basement, rain garden should be located min. 10 from building; no basement: 2 from building 2. Do not place rain garden within 25 of a septic system 3. Do not situate rain garden in soggy places where water already ponds 4. Avoid seasonably-high water tables within 2 of rain garden depth 5. Consider flat areas first easier digging 6. Avoid placing rain garden within dripline of trees 7. Provide adequate space for rain garden

Rahway, NJ - Installed October 2013

DRAINAGE AREA CALCULATION Water Resources Program p. 20 ROOF 1 DRAINAGE AREA ROOF 1ROOF 1 ROOF 2 Surface Area = (L1 x W) + (L2 x W) = (15 x 20 ) + (10 x 20 ) = (300 ) + (200 ) = 500 ft 2 WIDTH LENGTH 1 LENGTH 2

CHECK YOUR SOIL p. 22 Infiltration/Percolation Test 1. Dig a hole in the proposed rain garden site (12 deep, 4-6 wide) 2. Fill with water to saturate soil and then let stand until all the water has drained into the soil 3. Once water has drained, refill the empty hole again with water so that the water level is about 1 from the top of the hole 4. Check depth of water with a ruler every hour for at least 4 hours 5. Calculate how many inches of water drained per hour

DETERMINING THE DEPTH OF THE RAIN GARDEN Water Resources Program p. 24

DETERMINING THE DEPTH OF THE RAIN GARDEN p. 25 Depth of rain garden is dependent upon the soil texture found at the site of the rain garden Depth is usually 3-8 inches

DETERMINING THE SIZE OF THE RAIN GARDEN The size of the rain garden is dependent upon the amount of runoff entering the rain garden Rain Garden Sizing Table Based on New Jersey s Water Quality Design Storm (1.25 of rain over 2 hours) p. 25 Drainage Area Size of 3 Deep Rain Garden CLAY SOIL* Size of 6 Deep Rain Garden SILTY SOIL Size of 8 Deep Rain Garden SANDY SOIL 500 ft 2 200 ft 2 100 ft 2 75 ft 2 750 ft 2 350 ft 2 150 ft 2 112 ft 2 1,000 ft 2 400 ft 2 200 ft 2 149 ft 2 1,500 ft 2 600 ft 2 300 ft 2 224 ft 2 2,000 ft 2 800 ft 2 400 ft 2 299 ft 2 *SOIL TEXTURE AMENDMENTS NEEDED

SOIL TEXTURE AMENDMENTS p. 26 Soil texture amendments improve the rain garden s infiltration rate. compost mulch coarse sand river rocks

SOIL QUALITY AMENDMENTS p. 26 Soil quality amendments improve the rain garden s growing conditions for plants Improve soil s nutrient capacity REMEMBER: Your rain garden should NOT be permanently filled with water it should drain within 24 hours.

DETERMINING THE INLET AND OVERFLOW p. 27 Stormwater runoff enters the rain garden from an inlet Stormwater exits through the overflow

PREVENTING EROSION p. 27 Slope no greater than 3:1 Slow down velocity of water flowing through rain garden Add rocks to inlet area

DETERMINING MULCH QUANTITY p. 27 Allow for a 3 depth mulch (triple-shredded hardwood with no dye) to be spread throughout the entire rain garden Every 100 square feet of rain garden needs 1 cubic yards (3 depth)

RAIN GARDEN DESIGN p. 29 SHAPING YOUR RAIN GARDEN Use a garden hose or rope to outline the desired shape of your rain garden on the ground Many rain gardens are in the shape of a circle or kidney bean, but your rain garden can take on whatever shape you prefer

SELECTING PLANTS FOR YOUR RAIN GARDEN p. 29 The success of your rain garden depends on selecting the right plants for the right place Plant your rain garden with plants adapted for your specific site Native plants can thrive without a lot of care, extra water, fertilizer, or pesticides Native plants are tolerant to dry and wet conditions

PLANT SELECTION p. 30 Select species based upon the following qualities: Plant size Moisture tolerances Sun preferences Plant aggressiveness Salt tolerance Habitat creation

PLANTING DESIGN TIPS Water Resources Program p. 30 Plants that prefer wet conditions should be planted in the deepest part (the base) of the rain garden Create depth in the rain garden by placing large and tall plants in the back, smaller plants in the front Plant masses of the same species together in odd numbers Incorporate plants that have visual interest in the fall and winter Native plants provide habitat to animals and require less watering

CALL BEFORE YOU DIG Free markout of underground gas, water, sewer, cable, telephone, and electric utility lines Call at least 3 full working days, but not more than 10 days, prior to planned installation date Do not place rain garden within 5 horizontally and 1 vertically from any utilities

MAINTENANCE MEASURES Monthly TASKS: 1. Watering 2. Weeding 3. Inspecting * ANNUAL TASKS: 1. Mulching 2. Pruning 3. Re-planting 4. Removing sediment 5. Soil Testing 6. Harvesting Plants 7. Replacing materials (stone, landscape fabric)

Video Water Resources Program

In your bag

Handout Guidance Impervious Surfaces: Drainage Area: Rooftop(s) Driveway(s) Walkway(s) Deck(s) Patio(s) Shed(s)

Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program www.water.rutgers.edu Jessica T. R. Brown, PE jess@envsci.rutgers.edu