Let s learn about MACHINES Nombre:. Curso :... Colegio: CEIP Europa
1. MACHINES In our houses, for example, we have radios, televisions, fridges, washing machines, dishwashers, cd players, dvd, computers... all of them help us to make our work easier and we cannot imagine to live without them. Machines help us to make our work easier 1.1. What is a machine? A machine is an object that helps us to do many things better For example, with scissors it is very easy to cut a sheet. 1.2. Why are machines important? Machines make our work easier because: - They perform certain tasks in less time. - Machines help us to safe effort. - They perform tasks with precision. - They help us to perform dangerous tasks. - Machines can transform some types of energy in others. Machines perform tasks with precision A machine is an object that helps us to do many things better. Machines make our work easier By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 2
ACTIVITIES 1. Write true or false. Machines help us to study a lot. A machine makes our work easier. Some machines perform tasks with precision. An apple is a machine. A machine is an object that helps us to do many things better. In our houses there are some machines. 2. Write the correct words under the machines. iron - printer camera telephone TV set fridge lamp computer vacuum cleaner - microwave - washing machine radio By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 3
3. Answer the questions about the activity before. a) Which one do you have at home? b) Which one do you use? c) Which do you like the most? d) How do you think which is the most important? a) b) c) d) 4. Think about two machines you can find at home, draw and write. It is a telephone, it is used for calling people It is a..., it is used for... It is a..., it is used for... By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 4
2. TYPES OF MACHINES a) Depending on the number of pieces: - Simple machines: They are made up of few pieces. A puley, a wheel, an inclined plane and a lever are simple machines. - Complex machines: They are made up of various simple machines joined together. A car, a phone and a computer are complex machines. We use a ramp to lift heavy objects We move from place to place by car, bus, plane... By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 5
B) Depending on the energy they use: - On some machines the energy comes from a person. Example: A man carrying a wheel barrow. - In other cases, it is used the energy from the sun and wind. A sailing ship use energy from the sun and wind Example: A sailing ship. - Many machines around us work thanks to electricity. Example: A fridge. - Other machines use fuel. Example: A car. People in wheelchairs need ramps A fridge use electricity C) Depending the use: - Mechanical machines: Mechanical machines are used to move or lift heavy objects or to produce movement. Many mechanical machines, such as a stapler are manual. Others, such as a mixer are automatic and use electricity or fuel. - Heat engines: These machines are used for heating and cooling. - Machines to communicate and handle information: Electricity, electronics and information technology have created machines to communicate and create sounds, videos, texts, photos A mixer A heat machine A computer By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 6
ACTIVITIES 5. Classify these machines into simple and complex machines. wheel lever computer bike shovel dvd hammer washing machine pulley fridge wrench motorbike SIMPLE MACHINES COMPLEX MACHINES By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 7
Now talk to your partners about it. For example: A fridge is a complex machine. It is made up of various pieces.. work? 6. What type of electricity is necessary for these machines to MOTO PICK SAILING BOAT TOOTHBRUSH WINDMILL STEAM TRAIN - THE ENERGY FROM A PERSON: TOASTER -THE ENERGY FROM THE SUN AND WIND: - ELECTRICITY: - FUEL: 7. Complete the scheme: TYPES OF MACHINES DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF PIECES DEPENDING ON THE ENERGY WE USE DEPENDING ON THE USE By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 8
7. Watch the video and answer the questions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bylxzcp4ixc a.- What is the video about? b.- What types of simple machines have you listened? c.- Have you listened a complex machine d.- Complete the sentence: make our daily routines easier. e.- What type of simple machine is a slide? f.- Name the following objects: By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 9
3. SIMPLE MACHINES 3.1. The Pulley A pulley is a mobile wheel with a slot in which a rope or chain is inserted through. The pulley allows us to lift a heavy object in a easier way. The object is putted on one end of the rope or chain and someone A crane has many pulleys and lifts very heavy objects. pulls from the other end. When various pulleys are combined you can lift very heavy objects without force. For example, in order to lift very heavy objects, you can use a crane which combines many pulleys. 3.2. The Lever A lever is a rigid bar that has different forms and helps us to do different things. On one part of the bar you exert a force and at another part of the bar you put a weight that needs to be lifted, needs to be caught, opened etc. Pliers, a nutcracker, or tongs are force Point of support force examples of levers. 3.3. The Inclined Plane. An inclined plane is a ramp with certain slopes. It is used to lift or lower heavy objects with less effort than if we pull from them directly. Many mountains roads are inclined planes By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 10
4. Tools. Tools are machines that are used by carpenters, electricians, mechanics, and many other professions. For example, carpenters use saws, hammers, staplers, etc. Mechanics use wrenches and screwdrivers. Some tools, like a hammer, are simple machines. Other tools are machines composed of more parts and are complex machines. A hammer is used in different jobs Some machines require a person to work ( a hammer, a bike, a carriage, a screw...) and others need electr city or fuel ( a car, a ventilator, a computer...). Examples of simple machines are the pulley, the lever and the inclined plane. The pulley helps us to lift heavy objects. A lever is a rigid bar that has different forms and helps us to do different things. An inclined plane is a ramp with certain slopes which it is used to lift heavy objects with less effort. Tools are machines that are used in different jobs. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 11
ACTIVITIES 8. Complete this chart about simple machines: NAME CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE 9. What machines are they? Use your dictionary if necessary. SHOVEL PULLEY WATCH TOASTER WRENCH COMPUTER DVD PLAYER VAN MOBILE PHONE PLIERS SCREWDRIVER DRILL SAW HAMMER By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 12
10. Complete this crossword. - dishwasher - palmtop - juicer - segway - dvd player - calculator - laptop - mobile phone - digital camera - robot - microwave oven - vacuum cleaner - headphones 11. Read and find out. What is it? It helps us to lift heavy objects. It is a rigid bar that has different forms and helps us to do different things. It is a ramp with certain slopes which it is used to lift heavy objects with less effort. 12. Match. Wheel Lever Pulley Inclined plane By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 13
words. 13. Cut out and paste. Sort the items by their category and trace the Tools Machines By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 14
14. Read and match... It s used for cooking.. It s used for ironing the clothes.. It s used for cutting It s used for fixing a nail.... It s used for washing the clothes 4. Machines from long ago THE WATERWHEEL The waterwheel is a machine that is used to work machinery and to raise water from a lower location. It has two wheels and several axels. THE MILL The mill is a compound machine that grinds the grain of some plants and converts them into flour. Mills also have axels and wheels. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 15
THE PRINTING PRESS The printing press is a compound machine that we use to reproduce books. It was invented by Gutenberg. With the printing press, it was easy to make copies and many more people started to buy them and read. THE STEAM ENGINE The steam engine is a complex machine that is powered by water vapour. The steam engine was important in the development of industry and transport because it was used to build other machines, like locomotives and ships. ACTIVITIES 15. Answer the questions. a.what is the printing press used for? b.who was invented by? c. Why it is so important? d. What machine is powered by water vapour? e. What machine convert the grains of some plants into flour? By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 16
16. Write the names. 17. Look and say. cable keyboard microphone monitor mouse printer scanner speaker system unit webcam joystick 1 2 7 5 6 10 8 3 9 11 4 By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 17
18. Match the verbs on the left with the words on the right. 1. insert the internet 2. send a program 3. surf an icon 4. click on the changes 5. print a floppy disc 6. delete a copy 7. save a file 8. install an e-mail THINK AND MATCH!! 19. Find the parts of a computer. S C A B L E K B H W U J O L K C X S P E A K E R B V J X C S A Z Y Q W B N J M O H U V F E B S W C H P O Y M O N I T O R T A N R U S G H V D R A T U M L I S T P L M I C R O P H O N E I C V N M B D H J K Y T O C S Y S T E M U N I T E B K C V R T S C A N N E R W 20. Think and write. What machines would you use to...? Cut out a paper. Take water from a well. Access to a building in wheelchair. Communicate with a friend. Carry the shoppings to home. Travel to another country. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 18
21. Choose the correct options and make sentences. Machines help us to make work more difficult easier To lift heavy objects you can use a crane or ramp car o bus Complex machines are made up of complex tools simple machines A computer is a simple machine complex machine A fridge works with electricity fuel A rigid bar that has different forms is a lever pulley A inclined plane is a ramp house 22. Listen and complete. A.. is an object that helps us to do many things better. Machines make our. easier because. There are different types of machines depending on the. of pieces we find simple and. machines, depending on the. they use and depending on the use: mechanical machines,. machines and machines to.. There are three. machines:.,. and inclined plane. 23. Ask and answer. Pair work. - What s your name? - How old are you? - What machines are there in you house? - What s your favourite machine? - I m Albert - I m 9 - There are a fridge, two televisions, a computer - My favourite machine is my computer, I love it! By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 19
24. Choose a machine and write about it. 1. Find photos on the Internet, in magazines, etc... about a machine. 2. Write about it (how it works, type of machine, what it is used for...) 3. Decorate it. 4. Talk to your partners in the class. RADIO This is a radio. It is a complex machine. It was invented by Marconi. It is made of metal. It works with electricity. It give us information. It is very useful. It is a fantastic invent!! 23. What can you do? Cross. Hello, my friends!! Read and write a cross. Do you recognize and understand some oral expressions and words related to machines and technologies? Reconoces algunas palabras y expresiones orales relacionadas con las máquinas y las tecnologías? Can you read information about machines and technologies and understand the most important information? Puedes leer información sobre las máquinas y las tecnologías y comprender la información más relevante? Can you speak about machines? Puedes hablar sobre las máquinas? Do you talk to your classmates about machines and their importance? Hablas con tus compañeros/as acerca de las máquinas y su importancia? Can you write and make projects in about machines? Puedes escribir y realizar proyectos sobre las máquinas? By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 20
Fridge: Dishwasher: Washing machine: To make: To work: Easier: Without: To live: Machine: To help: Better: Scissors: To cut: Sheet: To perform: To safe: Effort: Task: To transform: Energy: Simple: Complex: To make up: Few: Pieces: Pulley: Wheel: Inclined plane: Lever: Axle: Screw: To come from: Sun: Wind: Sailing ship: Electricity: Fuel: To use: Mechanical: Heat: To communicate: Slot: Rope: Heavy: Force: Crane: Rigid: Bar: To exert: Weigh: Pliers: Nutcrackers: Ramp: Effort: To pull: Saw: Hammer: Tong: Waterwheel: Mill: The printing press: The steam engine: To build: Locomotive: By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 21