Dansk standard DS/EN 15978 1. udgave 2012-01-24 Bæredygtighed inden for byggeri og anlæg Vurdering af bygningers miljømæssige kvalitet Beregningsmetode Sustainability of construction works Assessment of environmental performance of buildings Calculation method
DS/EN 15978 København DS projekt: M240512 ICS: 91.040.01 Første del af denne publikations betegnelse er: DS/EN, hvilket betyder, at det er en europæisk standard, der har status som dansk standard. Denne publikations overensstemmelse er: IDT med: EN 15978:2011. DS-publikationen er på engelsk. DS-publikationstyper Dansk Standard udgiver forskellige publikationstyper. Typen på denne publikation fremgår af forsiden. Der kan være tale om: Dansk standard standard, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, eller som er baseret på et andet lands nationale standard, eller standard, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som har fået status som dansk standard DS-information publikation, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, og som ikke har opnået status som standard, eller publikation, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som ikke har fået status som standard, fx en teknisk rapport, eller europæisk præstandard DS-håndbog samling af standarder, eventuelt suppleret med informativt materiale DS-hæfte publikation med informativt materiale Til disse publikationstyper kan endvidere udgives tillæg og rettelsesblade DS-publikationsform Publikationstyperne udgives i forskellig form som henholdsvis fuldtekstpublikation (publikationen er trykt i sin helhed) godkendelsesblad (publikationen leveres i kopi med et trykt DS-omslag) elektronisk (publikationen leveres på et elektronisk medie) DS-betegnelse Alle DS-publikationers betegnelse begynder med DS efterfulgt af et eller flere præfikser og et nr., fx DS 383, DS/EN 5414 osv. Hvis der efter nr. er angivet et A eller Cor, betyder det, enten at det er et tillæg eller et rettelsesblad til hovedstandarden, eller at det er indført i hovedstandarden. DS-betegnelse angives på forsiden. Overensstemmelse med anden publikation: Overensstemmelse kan enten være IDT, EQV, NEQ eller MOD IDT: Når publikationen er identisk med en given publikation. EQV: Når publikationen teknisk er i overensstemmelse med en given publikation, men præsentationen er ændret. NEQ: Når publikationen teknisk eller præsentationsmæssigt ikke er i overensstemmelse med en given standard, men udarbejdet på baggrund af denne. MOD: Når publikationen er modificeret i forhold til en given publikation.
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 15978 November 2011 ICS 91.040.99 English Version Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of environmental performance of buildings - Calculation method Contribution des ouvrages de construction au développement durable - Evaluation de la performance environnementale des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 August 2011. Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken - Bewertung der umweltbezogenen Qualität von Gebäuden - Berechnungsmethode CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15978:2011: E
Contents Page Foreword...4 Introduction...5 1 Scope...7 2 Normative references...7 3 Terms and definitions...8 4 Abbreviations... 13 5 The process for setting up the calculations required for the assessment... 14 6 Purpose of the assessment... 16 7 Specification of the object of assessment... 16 7.1 General... 16 7.2 Functional equivalent... 17 7.3 Reference study period... 18 7.4 System boundary... 19 7.4.1 General... 19 7.4.2 Boundary of the Product Stage (Modules A1 to A3)... 20 7.4.3 Boundaries of the Construction Process Stage (Modules A4 and A5)... 20 7.4.4 Boundaries of the use stage (Modules B1 - B7)... 22 7.4.5 Boundary of the end of life stage (Modules C1-C4)... 27 7.4.6 Boundary for the benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (Module D)... 29 7.5 The building model... 30 7.5.1 Purpose and information needed... 30 7.5.2 Description of the physical characteristics of the building... 30 8 Scenarios for defining the building life cycle... 31 8.1 General... 31 8.2 Requirements for scenarios... 32 8.3 Time-related characteristics and associated scenarios... 32 8.3.1 General... 32 8.3.2 Climate conditions... 32 8.3.3 Other specific requirements for scenarios... 32 8.4 Scenarios for the product stage (Modules A1 to A3)... 33 8.5 Scenarios for the construction process stage (Modules A4-A5)... 33 8.6 Scenarios for Use stage (modules B1 to B7)... 33 8.6.1 General... 33 8.6.2 Scenario related to use stage (except energy and water) - Module B1... 34 8.6.3 Scenarios for maintenance, repair, replacement - Module B2, B3 and B4... 34 8.6.4 Scenarios for refurbishment - Module B5... 34 8.6.5 Scenarios for operational energy use - Module B6... 35 8.6.6 Scenarios for operational water use (Module B7)... 35 8.7 Scenarios for the end of life stage (Modules C1 to C4)... 35 8.7.1 General... 35 8.7.2 Scenarios for deconstruction - Module C1... 35 8.7.3 Scenarios for transport - Module C2... 36 8.7.4 Scenarios for waste processing for reuse, recycling and energy recovery - Module C3... 36 8.7.5 Scenarios for disposal - Module C4... 36 8.8 Scenarios for benefits and loads beyond the system boundary - Module D... 36 9 Quantification of the building and its life cycle... 36 9.1 General... 36 2
9.2 Specification net amount... 36 9.3 Accounting for the gross amount... 36 9.3.1 General... 36 9.3.2 Components that will not be replaced under defined conditions... 37 9.3.3 Replaceable components and number of replacements... 37 9.4 Type of data for the assessment... 38 9.4.1 General... 38 9.4.2 Data quality and demands for completeness... 39 9.4.3 Criteria for the exclusion of inputs and outputs... 39 9.5 Quantification specific to operational energy use... 39 9.6 Quantification specific to operational water use... 40 10 Selection of environmental data and other information - Use of Environmental Product Declaration(s)... 40 10.1 General... 40 10.2 Scenarios for the building... 41 10.2.1 General... 41 10.2.2 Adaptation of cradle to gate (product stage) information... 41 10.2.3 Adaptation from gate to grave information (Modules A4 to C4) and Module D... 41 10.3 Data quality... 42 10.4 Consistency... 42 11 Calculation of the environmental indicators... 42 11.1 Environmental impacts and aspects and related indicators... 42 11.1.1 General... 42 11.1.2 Indicators describing environmental impacts... 43 11.1.3 Indicators describing resource use... 43 11.1.4 Indicators describing additional environmental information... 44 11.2 Calculation methods... 44 12 Reporting of the assessment of results... 46 12.1 General information on the assessment... 46 12.2 General information on the object of assessment... 46 12.3 Statement of boundaries and scenarios used in the assessment... 47 12.4 Data sources... 47 12.5 List of indicators used for assessment and expression of results... 47 12.6 Communication of assessment results... 51 13 Verification of results... 52 Annex A (informative) Building description... 53 Annex B (informative) Exported energy - Case studies... 55 B.1 General... 55 B.2 Case 1... 55 B.3 Case 2... 56 B.4 Case 3... 57 B.5 Case 4... 58 Bibliography... 60 3
Foreword This document (EN 15978:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 350 Sustainability of construction works, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 4
Introduction The purpose of this European Standard is to provide calculation rules for the assessment of the environmental performance of new and existing buildings. This European Standard is part of a suite of European Standards, Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for the assessment of the environmental performance of buildings that together support quantification of the contribution of the assessed building to sustainable construction and sustainable development. The environmental performance of a building is only one aspect of its sustainability. The social and economic performance of the building are also aspects of sustainability that should be assessed as part of a sustainability assessment. These are described in the framework standards (EN 15643-1, -2, and EN 15643-3, -4). NOTE The environmental assessment at building level requires information from products and services (EN 15804). The evaluation of technical and functional performance is beyond the scope of this European Standard. Technical and functional characteristics are taken into account here by reference to the functional equivalent, which also forms a basis for comparison of the results of assessments. This European Standard is intended to support the decision-making process and documentation of the assessment of the environmental performance of a building. Although the assessment results are based on realistic scenarios, they may not fully reflect the actual and future performance of the building. Figure 1 illustrates how the assessment of the environmental performance takes place within the concept of the sustainability assessment of buildings. Figure 1 Concept of sustainability assessment of buildings 5
In this European Standard, the assessment method for the quantitative evaluation of the environmental performance of the building is based on a life cycle approach. The general requirements for sustainability assessment of buildings are described in EN 15643-1 (the general framework standard). Other requirements for the assessment of environmental performance are given in EN 15643-2. Other standards developed by CEN/TC 350 in this area, and how they are related to this European Standard, are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Work program of CEN/TC 350 NOTE The grey boxes represent the work programme as presented in EN 15643-1. 6
1 Scope This European Standard specifies the calculation method, based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and other quantified environmental information, to assess the environmental performance of a building, and gives the means for the reporting and communication of the outcome of the assessment. The standard is applicable to new and existing buildings and refurbishment projects. The standard gives: the description of the object of assessment; the system boundary that applies at the building level; the procedure to be used for the inventory analysis; the list of indicators and procedures for the calculations of these indicators; the requirements for presentation of the results in reporting and communication; and the requirements for the data necessary for the calculation. The approach to the assessment covers all stages of the building life cycle and is based on data obtained from Environmental Product Declarations (EPD), their "information modules" (EN 15804) and other information necessary and relevant for carrying out the assessment. The assessment includes all building related construction products, processes and services, used over the life cycle of the building. The interpretation and value judgments of the results of the assessment are not within the scope of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15603, Energy Performance of Buildings Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings EN 15643-1, Sustainability of construction works Sustainability assessment of buildings Part 1 General Framework EN 15643-2, Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of buildings - Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performance EN 15643-3, Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of buildings - Part 3: Framework for the assessment of social performance EN 15643-4, Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of buildings - Part 4: Framework for the assessment of economic performance EN 15804, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products ISO 15392, Sustainability in Building Construction - General Principles ISO 15686-1:2010, Building and constructed assets Service life planning Part 1: General principles 7
ISO 15686-2, Building and constructed assets Service life planning Part 2: Service life prediction procedures ISO 15686-7, Building and constructed assets Service life planning Part 7: Performance evaluation for feedback of service life data from practice ISO 15686-8, Building and constructed assets Service life planning Part 8: Reference service life and service-life estimation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 building construction works that have the provision of shelter for its occupants or contents as one of its main purposes and are usually enclosed and designed to stand permanently in one place [ISO 6707-1:2004] 3.2 building fabric all construction products that are fixed to the building in a permanent manner, so that the dismantling of the product changes the performance of the building and the dismantling or replacement of the product constitute construction operations 3.3 building-integrated technical system installed technical equipment to support the operation of a building NOTE This includes the technical building system and other systems e.g. for sanitation, security, fire safety, internal transport and building automation and control and IT communications, climate control systems and installations. 3.4 building site specified area of land where a building is located or is defined to be located and construction work of the building and associated external works are or will be undertaken NOTE Adapted from the definition of site in ISO 6707-1. 3.5 component construction product (3.6) manufactured as a distinct unit to serve a specific function or functions [ISO 6707-1:2004] 3.6 construction product item manufactured or processed for incorporation in construction works 3.7 construction work activities of forming a construction works (3.8) [ISO 6707-1:2004] 8