Delta-Urbanism: Integrated infrastructures Han Meyer New Orleans, March 6, 2008
The Dutch experience Drowned urban settlements in SW Netherlands 13 th 17 th century
The Dutch experience South-west Netherlands, 1953 Hansje Brinker The urgency of efficient flood-protection and water-management systems
Delta-areas areas Magnets for urbanization Strive for autonomy Long histories of conflicts with mainland Next future: new balance of urbanization; natural environment, port&industry and flood-protection Urbanized delta-regions in USA and Europe (N.O., R dam): show-cases for the world; big responsibility
Delta-Urbanism U b d l t ith i t t di f t t f Urban development with integrated infrastructures for flood-protection and water-management
1960 s 1980 s: Deltaworks Maeslantkering Brouwersdam Oosterscheldedam Hollandse IJsselkering
Deltaworks: a new coastal landscape
Delta-Urbanism U b d l t ith i t t di f t t f Urban development with integrated infrastructures for flood-protection and water-management
Integrated Infrastructures: The hydraulic construction as substance of the architecture of the city City of Nieuwpoort, Dam-square
Integrated Infrastructures: The hydraulic construction as substance of the architecture of the city Amsterdam, Dam Amsterdam, Dam
Integrated infrastructures: - Efficient use of space - Natural environment - Sharing costs - Local identity and civic pride
Delta-urbanism: The Dutch Water-City = a Hydraulic Construction ti 1. flood-protection: defending the city against floods by sea and river 2. Water-management inside the dikes : managing ground-water-levels in the city 3. Water-management outside the dikes : regulation of building-process.
Delta-Urbanism: The Dutch Water-City a Hydraulic Construction Hydraulic structure = urban structure Design of dikes and canals: combining urban Design of dikes and canals: combining urban and hydraulic functions
Delta-urbanism: The Dutch Water-City = a Hydraulic Construction ti 1. flood-protection: defending the city against floods by sea and river 2. Water-management inside the dikes : managing ground-water-levels in the city 3. Water-management outside the dikes : regulation of building-process.
The Hague: shrinking natural flood-protection 1000 na Chr. 2003
flood-protection Scheveningen (City of The Hague)
flood-protection Scheveningen (City of The Hague) Design new coastline Scheveningen M. de Sola Morales
flood-protection Scheveningen (City of The Hague) Design new coastline Scheveningen M. de Sola Morales
flood-protection City of Vlissingen (Flushing)
flood-protection City of Vlissingen (Flushing) 1625 Present situation
flood-protection City of Vlissingen (Flushing) 1 2 3 4
flood-protection City of Vlissingen (Flushing) Old Harbour entrance summer winter
Sections ( coupures ) in the flood-protection
flood-protection City of Nijmegen
flood-protection City of Kampen: By-pass + protection historic waterfront
flood-protection City of Kampen: By-pass
flood-protection City of Kampen: protection historic waterfront
flood-protection City of Kampen: protection historic waterfront Present Future High water
flood-protection City of Kampen: protection historic waterfront Flexible flood-protection
flood-protection City of Dordrecht
flood-protection City of Dordrecht canal riverside
flood-protection City of Dordrecht: Bypass Present situation Future..?
flood-protection City of Rotterdam
flood-protection City of Rotterdam
Rotterdam rivieroevers.
flood-protection City of Rotterdam
flood-protection City of Rotterdam
flood-protection City of Rotterdam Present situation Future situation
flood-protection City of Harlingen flood-protection combined with car-parking in the interior
flood-protection City of Rotterdam - typological variation
The Dutch Water-City ty = a Hydraulic Construction o 2. Water-management inside the dikes : managing g ground-water-levels in the city
Polders - drainage, reclamations
polder-cities: lowering the ground-water-level
Amsterdam: urban development by raising the ground-level
Water-system City of Amsterdam
Amsterdam-West - original design, General Extension Plan Amsterdam, 1935
Amsterdam-West (plan 1935) Amsterdam-West actual situation 6 meter raised ground-level, only 4 meter raised ground-level, water flows down to natural water should be pumped: more watersystem surface for waterstorage Not implemented
Rotterdam: urban development by lowering the groundwater Waterproject 1854: First urban lay-out based upon steam-engines Instream outstream
Waterproject Rotterdam, present situation
Water-systems typological variation
1850-1970: disappeared water structures in historic cities Rotterdam Coolsingel, 1912
1850-1970: disappeared water structures in historic cities Utrecht, Catharijnesingel - 1920 Utrecht, Catharijnesingel - present situation
1990 s 2000 s: Repair of water structures in historic cities Utrecht, Catharijnesingel - 1920 Utrecht, Catharijnesingel - present situation Utrecht, Catharijnesingel - future situation
Adding water in postwar urban districts 1 2 3 4
designing new urban districts with water
The Dutch Water-City ty = a Hydraulic Construction o 3. Water-management outside the dikes : regulation of building-process.
outside the dikes - safe haven?
Rotterdam outside the dikes - Kop van Zuid
Floating village - Oolderhuuske
Floating city students project
New Delta-urbanism: etauba a new balance of flood-protection Water-management t inside id the dikes Water-management outside the dikes
Estuary: towards an integrated water-management
Estuary: towards an integrated water-management
21st century
Informal urban beach
IJmeer plan Ton Schaap c.s. formalizing the urban beach
Estuary: towards an integrated water-management
Rhine-Scheldt Delta
Estuary: towards a repair of soft coastal defense
City of Rotterdam Rotterdam Watercity 2035
Which relation among the disciplines? Urbanism Civil Engineering Landscape Building Architecture t Technology
Arrangement of 17 th 19 th century Urbanism Civil Engineering Landscape Building Architecture t Technology
Arrangement of 20 th century Urbanism Civil Engineering Landscape Building Architecture t Technology
Arrangement of 21 st century Urbanism Civil Engineering? Landscape Building Architecture t Technology
Plan Waterman, 1984 Plan RPB, 2003 Plan Geuze, 2008 Reinforcement of the coast
repair of estuaries; softening the coastline
Design of dikes and canals: combining urban and hydraulic functions The Dutch Water-City a Hydraulic Construction Canals Singels Dikes Quays
Randstad 2040
17th century
20th century