Committee for Architecture and Town Planning Wrocław Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences International Scientific Workshops Innovative Structural Systems in Architecture (ISSA2016) November 3-5, 2016, Wrocław, Poland ARCHITECTURE OF EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRUCTION ARCHITECT JACEK BURZYŃSKI (1931-1969) * * Professor at Faculty of Architecture dr hab. inż. arch., prof. nadz PWr, prof. University of Arts in Poznań E-mail: waldwaw@o2.pl Key words: architecture, design, urban planning. Introduction The buildings which took important place in polish architecture, nowadays, are disappearing in contemporary architectural landscape in polish culture. The fate of the objects which stay but going to be annihilated is developed by Filip Springer in his book containing collection of reports titled Born Bed (origin. Źle urodzone ). In recent years the Decade Stadium in Warsaw which is integrated in proper way into surrounding (it was not visible), has disappeared. The same fate encountered the Villa of Maciej Nowicki, the building of Super-Sam in Warsaw, railway station in Katowice or office tower Poltegor in Wrocław (nowadays there is Sky Tower). New political and economic situation imposes new conditions, nevertheless there are architectural objects which should be protected from total extermination, because they are important element of national culture creating also by architecture. To the problems of protection of cultural heritage he referred in his appeal to the ZO SARP in Wrocław in 2008. 1 1 The list Architecture of Wrocław 1945-1989: the list of objects and urban planning and invitation to discussion arch. Roman Rutkowski vice-chairman of ZO were published. There are buildings such as: core-lines building (1961-1967), church of the Holy Spirit (1972-1994) designed by Waldemar Wawrzyniak, Jerzy Wojnarowicz, Tadeusz Zipser and Wojciech Święcicki (main design engineer).
Awareness of risks, tell us to point definitely the objects which are milestones of architectural exploration. They were diminished in the years of Polish People's Republic PRL but they are evidence of researches and actions in spite of unfavourable economic situation. ABSTRACT One of the example of attempt to participate by architects in contemporary European technical culture is pioneering design by Jacek Burzyński who proposed innovative way to erect construct buildings, showed by built example called core lines building Core lines building - residential house, situated at Kościuszki street 42/44, erected between 1961-67, designed by architect J.Burzyński and designing engineer A.Skorupy. It was an experimental investiton closing the stage of post-war searching of construction and material in industrialized housing. Core lines building is 12 story high, punctual building, with bearing elements such as lines anchored at the base and at the top of construction core. Assembly of particular prefabricated elements were made at the ground 2
level and lifted up by the hydraulic jack (designed by J.Tęsiorowski). Core lines building won in competition Wrocław s House of the Year in 1967. Drawing no.4 To the proper evaluation of comments of creative searching of J.Burzyński and A.Skorupy, the way of thinking and solving technical aspect of erecting core lines building should be analysed. Drawing no. 4 - Principles of construction the essence of industry 3
Vertical section of building presents solution of core lines building conception Drawing no. 2 and 3 Plan of typical floor plan presented at the drawing in residential version only this version was accepted by authorities. The size of flats units were also strictly restricted top-down. 4
Drawing no. 9a Principle of assembly of " core lines building" construction Output Phase - the core base is erected on the basemen (Its bottom part - the lowest part). On this base the hydraulic jack is placed. Above there is the head of the building. - All of the ceilings are assembled one above the other. If it is necessary the ceilings' through nests are additional filled with concrete. The lines were dragged in ceilings through the head and nests. Drawing no. 9b Principle of assembly and of lines construction. Assembly and lift the roof - hydraulic jacks lift the head to the established position relative to the roof. Lines are restrained in the nests of the highest ceiling. Next the roof coverage is mounted. Drawing no. 9c Principle of assembly of " core lines building" construction. Assembly and lifting of the storeys. - Hydraulic jackes lift the head which involves a system of ropes, and subsequently thereto anchored ceilings starting from the highest. - It is assumed that during anchoring ropes the particular elements of the finishing of storeys are assembled. 5
Drawing no. 9d Principle of assembly of " core lines building" construction. The tension of a ropes system and removal of jacks. Drawing no. 5 the hydraulic jack. The illustration presents lack of adequate production base:, lack of support from decision makers. All elements supported construction site were produced within the framework of their own interest. The concept discussed above presents the building as one structural element, as a limited whole, as a pylon inside which there is space to organised function. 6
Drawing no. 13 and 14 present construction where the element intercept horizontal forces may be the core with exterior cooperating grid lines. Drawing no. 13 draft of core cantilever building Drawing no. 14 draft of core pole building 7
Drawing no. 16 and table no.2 present possible economic profits reached through applied structural solution characteristic for core lines building. Additional issue is the open floor plan of the building without interior construction elements. Continue, authors present rules which must be obtain during realisation of these types of buildings: o Ropes as short as possible o The length of ropes should be almost the same o The shape of roof top should provide for using hydraulic jacks o Structures connecting rope with the core must provide their cooperation 8
Presented model solutions illustrate various possibilities of shape of molar buildings depending on needs, size of the plots and desirable space effect in urban scale in the cities. 9
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The original statement of literature included in monography of Jacek Burzyński presents the then (1959-1968) state of the knowledge concerning construction process of molar ropes buildings which were the part of culture and creation of designing engineers and architects in Europe. 12
Architecture of experimental realization of core lines building in Wrocław, it is the tile of monogaphy of Jacek Burzyński that was published as Scientific Paper of Institute of Architecture and Urban Planning at Wrocław University of Technology in 1969. This monography was written as the future doctoral dissertation of Jacek Burzyński who was an assistant of professor in Institute of Design of Public Buildings at Department of Architecture at Wrocław University of Technology. After tragic death of Jacek Burzyński his works was collected (from the initiative of Prof. Julian Duchowicz and Kazimierz Ciechanowski) by arch. Jan Tarczyński (the then an assistant professor in the aforementioned Institute). The drawings to that monography was made by arch. Ilona Tarczyńska who was an assistant at Wrocław University of Technology (page 41 monography). Architecture is a harmony of functional, artistic and structural elements (page 4) Architecture is organised space for human living needs The way of erecting of building should be organically connected with designing the spatial arrangement of the building and its construction (page 5) the statement of author of core lines building. These words, after a half of century, are still current. The premise of searching was intention to be independent of terrain configuration, elimination of roads and heavy beams, and willingness to change work conditions in order to achive precision and quality of work. through hanging construction we understand the one which basic vertical loads are transferred by supports stretched cooperating with the fixed points (page 7) these way of building construction is familiar with works design by contemporary architects Bakemia and Von den Brock authors of City Hall in Marl. The top publication of architect is realized architectural project here, without limitations and causations, presented is creative thought. The range of influence is wider than a small group of people involved in teaching architecture. 13
Project his realisation is verified by viewers. The art is to build, to materialised the idea of work of architecture, but the greater art is skill to preserve the architecture work in good condition. At the implementation of fragments of landmark architecture, a stringent verifiers nature, wildlife, its extreme influence in buildings. For the care of Wrocław s architectural landscape, its variety and cultural heritage, we take care of achievements of architects from XX century such as Berg, Mendelshon, Scharoun and others I think that we should also take care of post-war works of architects who try to fight for contemporary architecture despite of socialist realism, totalitarian view on art and architecture. Nowadays we are showing the renovated Centennial Hall designed by Max Berg you can, you should also show renewed core lines building in Wrocław. The core lines building is an architectural achievement, which, as must be admitted, was very attractive feature in a externalized state of pure structure without carded facade attached. It was exploited in such condition by photographer and poster designers as an avant-garde element of architectural landscape. For preservation, or even recovery of its artistic, innovative values, it should be dredged from current finishing of the façade and by keeping, or even highlighting authors (architect J. Burzyński and structure engineer A. Skorupa) creative ideas, protecting building s structure with big glass panels, which will make the structure visible. Such solution would, of course, require to change a function from housing to office, banking etc. The building, properly illuminated and lightened, will highlight the architectural thought, and will be a big touristic attraction. The author of above article directs such proposal to the President of City of Wrocław. 14
Conclusion Jacek Burzyński was an assistant of professor in Institute of Design of Public Buildings at Department of Architecture at Wrocław University of Technology. He died tragically on the hund on the Lower Silesia. He was son of Prof. Włodzimierz Burzyński who was an assistant of professor in Institute directed by prof. Julian Duchowicz. Together with Jacek Burzyński I had the honor to work on the several projects of interiors such as food soters in Gliwice. I received also a book from him about hunting. Unfortunately he died to early. Both of us benefited from advices from engineer Andrzej Skorupa. J.Burzyński worked with him during core lines building and I cooperated with A.Skorupa on the project of amphitheatre in Lądek Zdrów. I was accepted to the Institute of prof. J.Duchowicz after the death of J. Burzyński. In this Institute I worked untill prof. Andrzej Grudziński become a director - it was after the death of prof. Julian Duchowicz. After the deat of prof. A.Grudziński I took a place of director till 2007. During that time I manage to placed the Insitute on the independent position - it is recorded in book titled "Wrocław's Universities of Technology 1910-2010", page 478. Taking this subject I considered as a privilege. Postscript. I was a witness of struggles of engineer Andrzej Skorupa during building core lines building. Together with eng.a.skorupa I realised the roof above amphitheatre in Lądek Zdrów. (Wawrzyniak W. "Sacrum in architecture" page 141, 142, drawing no. 143 and 144). 15
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