Can thermoplastic materials producers support the development of LED light devices?

Can thermoplastic materials producers support the development of LED light devices? Dr. Klaus Reinartz Director Global LED Program Bayer MaterialScience AG, Germany

2 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012 Eventually I got an upgrade of my wonder lamp It was high time for the LEDs.

Content General Introduction Optical Grades for Secondary Optics Processing of Optical Grades Improving UV Stability Flame Retardant Optical Grades Reflecting and Diffusing Grades Thermally Conductive Grades Sheets and Films for Light Management EcoCommercial Building Intiative of Bayer MaterialScience Summary 3 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Natural and Artificial Light Color shapes impressions and emotions 5 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Our planet from the universe 20% of the electrical power is consumed by general lighting 6 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Why change to LED Technology? Global Demand for Artificial Lighting projected to be 80% higher by 2030 Source: United Nation Environmental Programme, Sep 2009 7 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Why Polycarbonates for Optical Parts? PC is often material of choice but not completely unique PCS PMMA Glass Transparency < 90 % < 92% < 90% Lifetime Performance + + ++ UV Stability + ++ ++ GWIT (Glow Wire Ignition Test) + - ++ Thermal behavior + o ++ A. Mechanical Stability (e.g. vandal-proof) ++ - - B. Mechanical Stability (e.g. integration of functions like clips) + - - Flame retardance + -- ++ Weight ++ ++ -- Freedom of design ++ ++ -- 9 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Makrolon LED Grades Comparison to other optical Makrolon grades Makrolon grade Makrolon LED2245 Makrolon LED2445 HC Makrolon LED2643 Makrolon AL2447/ AL2647 Makrolon LQ2647 Makrolon LQ3187 Color code 000000 551056 551053 550396 550115 550131 MVR cm 3 /10 min, 300 C 36 19 12.5 19 / 12 12 6 Transmission (4 mm) 88-90 % 88-90% 88-90% 87-88 % 87-89 % 86-88 % Application Light guides, collimator optics Collimator lenses and other optical lenses Collimator optics and other optical lenses Head lamp lenses Ophthalmics, visors Ophthalmics UV cut 400 UV-protected no no yes yes yes yes 10 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Makrolon - Optical Properties Standard, optical and LED grades LED grades: enhanced transmission, decreased yellowness index and improved LED light stability 11 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

LED Light Stability LED grades vs. Standard grades (6000h; 46 lm/cm 2 ) Makrolon is stable against LED light at 90 C Makrolon LED was optimized to be most stable against LED light Trials at higher temp. and higher light intensity are in progress 12 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Contributions of Bayer MaterialScience Examples of successful projects 13 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Collimator Lenses Multi-layer injection molding process for Makrolon grades BMS invests in high precision injection molding Hydraulic injection molding tool Special tool for optics Challenge: precision, optical quality and cycle times Grades: Makrolon LED2245, Makrolon LQ 15 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Collimator Lenses Multi-layer injection molding process for Makrolon grades Computer-simulations confirm results of practical tests: Double-Layer-molding reduces cycle times while simultaneously raising dimensional quality Wall thickness goes quadratically into cooling time, therefore Multi-Layer-molding divides lenses in several layers Though second shot has less common surface with mold-steel than first shot, thermal energy can dissipate faster 16 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

AURA for Additional UV-Protection Infusion process Makrolon UV protected Dipping in a UV-absorber containing solution UV absorber particle 18 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

AURA for Lighting Applications Infusion process Clear amorphous polymer matrix Color or additives are infusing into polymer matrix Color infused in polymer matrix till 40 micron deep 19 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Which UV protection for which application? No UV protection UV protected Makrolon UV protected Makrolon plus UV-AURA Makrolon with UV absorbing hard coat Makrolon with UV absorbing coex layer In-door application e.g. CD X Luminaire housing Microstructured optics X X X X Sunglasses, ophthalmics X X Head lamp lens Automotive glazing Architectural glazing X X X X 20 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

UL Rating FR Properties of Un-Reinforced Makrolon Grades Rating according UL94V no observances of additional listings in specific colors 5V MVR Thickness [mm] 0.75 1.0 1.5 2 2.5 2.7 2.9 3 6 13 3,0mm General purpose grades 32XX 4 31XX 6.5 28XX 9.5 26XX 12.5 24XX 19 22XX 36 V-2 HB V-2 grades 2467 19 2665/2667 12.5 2865/2867 9.5 V-2 V-0 V-0 / 3,0mm grades 6357* 14 6455 6555/6557 9.5 V-2 V-0 Opaque only V-0 / 1,5mm grades 6265/6267 19 6485/6487 11.5 V-0 5VA Extrusion grade 6717 3 V-0 * = translucent or opaque 22 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Light Scattering Light scattering over a large angle of aperture by 24 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Characterization of Diffusion Categorization of typical values 25 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Translucent Grades Standard set (1 to 4 mm thickness) 26 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Color Packages Light diffusion colors Several standard levels have been developed Concentration levels between 0.5% to 3.0% Diffuser can be added to most clear polycarbonate resins Molding and extrusion grades Thickness is critical factor in hiding power / light transmission Finding correct balance key 27 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Color Packages Light diffusion colors Molded in diffuser technology increases overall efficiency High hiding power and high overall light transmittance Single diffuser versus use of films and lenses Minimizes light losses caused by surface interfaces Manufacturing and assembly efficiencies No issues regarding incorrect installations No need for secondary surface treatments 28 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Color Packages High reflectance colors Makrolon and Bayblend grades with highly reflective surfaces can have up to 95% reflectivity Molded in reflectors can optimize luminaire designs Can avoid secondary processing of reflective surface (such as aluminum or chrome plating, painting, etc) Assembly and reflector can be rationalized into one component UL listed grades can be made highly reflective Reflectivity can be adjusted to give a glowing effect 29 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Thermally Conductive Grades New developments open new opportunities of design and technology Development Grade available Makrolon TC8060 TC of 40 W/m-K V-0 @ 1.5 mm Custom moldable to many shapes Weight savings compared to metal Part consolidation Active cooling of enclosures 31 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Influence of Housing Conductivity on Temperature Delta Only minor improvement in junction temperature for k values beyond 15 20 W/m-K ( T j ) ( k ) ( T j ) ( k ) ( ) ( k ) T j 32 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Light Diffuser Sheets (LDS) Market requirements in Europe Some of typical material requirements for a LDS in Europe Highest possible light transmission Best possible light diffusion (uniform light distribution over sheet surface) Conservative approach in terms of white light illumination warm white light appearance in favor over cold which is preferred in Asia Satinized surfaces more attractive than glossy which are preferred in US True(r) colors at RGB LEDs color fastness Thermoformability often required Maintaining PC typical mechanical performance toughness Stability in high temperatures in terms of both esthetics and mechanical performance Longterm UV stability 34 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Makrolon DX Line New approach to LED light diffusion Enhanced light transmission Over 60% light transmission (3mm) High diffusivity At least 60 halfpower angle (3mm) Flexibility and more Light and sheet color effects: DX warm & cool Surface finishing: NR, AR Thermoformability Technical support Assistance throughout the entire process Global approach Makrolon DX DX = Diffusion excellence NR = non-reflective: satinized surface AR = abrasion-resistant: hard-coated surface 35 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Light Diffusion Makrolon advantage #1 Makrolon DX line offers extremely good light diffusivity and uniform light distribution over the sheet surface Comparison of datasheet values of competitors products is exposed to a certain risk as sheet producers are working with different standards. Bayer MaterialScience GmbH measures diffusion according to DIN5036-3 with a swivel-arm device using a luminance meter of class L (Fa. LMT) and an illuminance meter of class A (Fa. Czibula & Grundmann GmbH) @3,00mm Half Power Angle Light Diffusion Factor Makrolon DX warm 60 65% Makrolon DX cool 75 77% If showing LED light points is required, Makrolon DX line can as well be placed directly above LED chips, without revealing LED chips or bonding wires 36 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Flexibility and More Makrolon advantage #2 Color flexibility: warm & cool Makrolon DX warm is the first diffuser sheet to achieve warmer appearance of cold-white LEDs Makrolon DX warm offers much more vivid light color effects than standard diffusers, when backlit with RGB LEDs Makrolon DX cool maintains fresh, ice-blue look even when luminaire is off mode Surface add-ons optionally available non-reflective (anti-glare) surface (NR), long-term protection against wavelengths in ultraviolet range for outdoor applications (UV), hard-coating of surface for abrasion and scratch resistence (AR) Thermoformability without influence on diffusion properties. 37 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Overview Light Management Films Diffuser Light shaping Reflector Makrofol DE structured surface scattering Makrofol TP 297 light shaping by surface structure Makrofol white reflection by additives Makrofol BL bulk scattering by pigments Makrofol LT bulk scattering by glass fibers Makrofol LM bulk scattering by additives Specialties bulk scattering by additives All films are made out of PC and provide a good heat stability, low water absorption, high mechanical stability 38 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Makrofol LM Films and Specialties Optimization of light scattering by combining bulk and surface scattering Surface scattering 1-4 6-2 Bulk scattering 7-2 (optional) clear PC encapsulation layers (optional) additional functions e.g. UV Protection, Anti dust 39 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Diffuser Films Overview of Options Three standard diffusers Two standard thicknesses One high efficient diffuser Thicknesses: 300µm and 500µm Surfaces : 1 rough side / 1 gloss side Total Transmittance (%) 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 300µm 300µm 500µm 300µm 500µm 500µm DP1309 DP9005 TP228 TP322 300µm 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Half power angle ( ) = scattering ability 40 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Climate Program: Keep CO2 Emissions on 2007 level up to 2020 2008 2010: EUR 1 Bill. for CO2 emission reduction Production & Processes Products & Solutions Research Increase efficiency Reduce emissions Capture CO 2 as raw material Light weight Renewable energies Thermal insulation Life cycle performance Bayer Climate Award & Fellows 42 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

A Strong Network for Sustainable Construction Materials Solutions Sustainable Buildings A leading polymer company 10.2 bn turnover* 14,300 employees* R&D: 231 million* Construction:19% of sales* *2010 figures Network of experts for sustainable construction for decision makers and investors in the construction industry Resource & energy efficiency Social Design Economy 43 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

From Services to Innovative and Efficient Solutions Roof Facade Photovoltaic Insulation Architecture Building technology Heat pumps Financing Glazing Qualified Committed Acoustics Reliable Innovative Steel Flooring Energy technology Planning Energy planning Project management 44 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Competence Network Status Today Europe 21 network members / ME 7 network members Europe ME 45 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Target Markets of the ECB Network Plants Sports Facilities Urban Planning Education 46 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Target Markets of the ECB Network Residential Retail Industrial Office 47 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Content General Introduction Optical Grades for Secondary Optics Processing of Optical Grades Improving UV Stability Flame Retardant Optical Grades Reflecting and Diffusing Grades Thermally Conductive Grades EcoCommercial Building Intiative of Bayer MaterialScience Summary Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012 48

Value Chain of the Lighting Industry Contributions of Bayer MaterialScience Legislation / Standards Design / Mold Calculation Surface Processing Polymer Class Polymer Processing 49 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Contributions of Bayer MaterialScience BMS provides the LED lighting industry with raw materials and semifinished products BMS has developed material processing solutions which can reduce production cycle times, warranty risks and associated cost-ofquality as a result of premature failure. BMS materials can directly improve the light transmission, thermal stability and durability over the long life expected of LED-based products. BMS is steadily developing and improving along with the market in order to provide innovative materials and solutions for light & heat management. 50 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Can thermoplastic materials supplier support the development of LED light devices? Yes, Bayer MaterialScience can! 51 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Contact Persons LED related topics: Europe / Middle East / Africa / Latin America: Dr. Klaus Reinartz klaus.reinartz@bayer.com Asia Pacific Kock Seng Sim kockseng.sim@bayer.com NAFTA Kevin Dunay kevin.dunay@bayer.com Sheets: Wojciech Cieplik wojciech.cieplik@bayer.com Films: Michael Glaesser michael.glaesser@bayer.com EcoCommercial Building Program: Dr. Thomas Braig (EMEA) thomas.braig@bayer.com Dr. Michael Voigt (APAC) michael.voigt@bayer.com Paul Platte (NAFTA) paul.platte@bayer.com 52 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

Forward-Looking Statements This presentation may contain forward-looking statements based on current assumptions and forecasts made by Bayer Group or subgroup management. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could lead to material differences between the actual future results, financial situation, development or performance of the company and the estimates given here. These factors include those discussed in Bayer s public reports which are available on the Bayer website at www.bayer.com. The company assumes no liability whatsoever to update these forward-looking statements or to conform them to future events or developments. 53 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012

54 Global Semiconductor Forum Reinartz 09-03-2012 Thank you!