Microcontroller based design for Tele-sensing and extinguishing fire Hany abdelhady Almedhegi 1, Ameen babekr abdelnaby 2, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi 3 1 Sudan Academy of Sciences (SAS); Council of Engineering Researches & Industrial Technologies almedhegi@yahool.com 2 Engineering College Alneelain University-Sudan 3 Electronics Dept- Engineering College Sudan University of science and Technology Rasoul46@live.com Abstract: Remote sensing (or Tele-sensing) have a wide variety of applications. Security is one of these applications.different design technologies are implemented. This paper sheds the light on this challenging issue to steady and propose an intelligent electronic circuit design solutions for the remote sensing operations. An electronic circuit design based on using a microcontroller is proposed. A real time sensing and response electronic circuit is implemented to fulfill this task.the system design is programmable (i.e. intelligent) and hence the electronic actions established in the design can be modified easily. An electronic interface circuit is deigned to be connected to the microcontrollers.the task of the electronic interface circuit is to acquire data from the sensors and to give commands to the electronic and electrical devices connected to the circuit. Keywords : microcontrollers, remote control, Tele-sensing, interface circuit, smart sensors. I. INTRODUCTION Tele-sensing allows to sense and evaluate remote locations using telecommunications technology. It also allows users to access expertise quickly, efficiently and without travel. Tele-sensing offers a reduced cost solution to delivering remote services when and where it is needed. Tele-sensing can be used in many fields such as, medical field, security, industry, education,and so on. Tele-sensing faces many demand in security applications. It offers a real time sensing of remote locations. Hence remote sensing can provide high security to the vital locations. In industrial applications, an electronic control facilities should be added to the Tele-sensing in order to achieve remote industry. Fire attack System is one of the applications used to prevent, extinguish, localize, or 200
block fires in enclosed spaces. Automatic fire-fighting systems are installed in buildings and rooms where the fire hazard is comparatively high. A distinction is made between systems that are actuated automatically and operate according to a predetermined program and those that are actuated by an operator. An automatic firefighting system includes a sensor capable of detecting combustion, alarm signaling devices, fire-extinguishing equipment, starting and stopping devices, and feeders for the fire-extinguishing substance. Atomizers, foam generators, and pipe nozzles form and direct the stream of the fire-extinguishing substance, which may be a liquid, foam, powder, or gas. Fireextinguishing substances are fed into the system from a centralized supply, such as a water supply, or from self-contained or combined feeders. The most widely used systems employ water (sprinkler and drencher systems), carbon dioxide, aerosols, or powders. A sprinkler system consists of a grid of pipelines located on the ceiling of the room, with sprinkler heads attached to the pipes by threaded connections. Drencher systems, which use nozzles without thermal locks, are actuated either by a sprinkler installed in a trigger air line or by a cable-type thermal lock. Automatic fire protection systems are classified according to the time elapsed between the start of the fire and the actuation of the system. The fireextinguishing substance can be applied for periods ranging from 30 second to 3600 second. II. APPROACH The system is divided into parts; hardware and software. In the hardware, a large and complex sensor circuitry is to be designed to develop system awareness and capability to detect over-temperature, smoke and flame. A microcontroller (ATmega 32) is used to process the various sensor signals and control the system actuators accordingly. A firefighting pump will be interfaced to the microcontroller, and a GSM module (SIM900) will be interconnected to the system and used to send and receive SMS indicating the environment status and for issuing extinguishing commands when needed. A software code is developed to control the overall system functions. The code is written in BASIC language using Basic Compiler for AVR (BASCOM-AVR). 201
III. SYSTEM LAYOUT AND COMPONENTS The block diagram of the hardware implementation of the entire system is shown in Figure (1). The aim of the design is to illustrate the usage of the fire attack applications and the minimum equipments required to construct the fire fighting system.these equipments include a microcontroller, pump water, smoke sensor, temperature sensor, flame sensor, LCD, GSM modem. DATA ACQUISIT. INTERFACE SMOKE SENSOR FLAME SENSOR TEMP. SENSOR WATER PUMP i MICROCON TROLLER INTERFACE SIREN LCD GSM MOD. PC + GSM MODEM Figure (1) Block diagram of the wireless fire fighting system 202
The input system consists of three - Smoke Sensor sensors.the system issues continuously the A smoke detector is a device that status of the location and operates by a detects smoke, typically as an indicator of command when the fire is affirmative. The fire. Smoke detectors are typically housed in mechanism of the system operation is based a disk-shaped plastic enclosure. Most smoke on equation (1) giving true value which detectors work either by optical detection confirms the happening of fire. (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), while others use both detection Fire = [ (temperature sensor) ON AND methods to increase sensitivity to smoke. (flame sensor) ON AND (smoke sensor) ON ]. (1) - LM35 Temperature Sensor The hardware components are : - Microcontroller: It is the heart of the system which controls all the activities of transmitting and receiving. A microcontroller (also MCU or µc) is a functional computer system-on-a chip. It contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and output. The IC used is ATmega 32. It is an 8-bit microcontroller with 32 Kbytes of In-System Programming Flash Memory. BASCOM_AVR programmers Notepad is used. The code after compilation generates. hex file which is a hardware level code. These sensors use a solid-state technique to determine the temperature.. They use the fact as temperature increases, the voltage across a diode increases at a known rate. (Technically, this is actually the voltage drop between the base and emitter - the Vbe - of a transistor). By precisely amplifying the voltage change, it is easy to generate an analog signal that is directly proportional to temperature. There have been some improvements on the technique but, essentially that is how temperature is measured. Because these sensors have no moving parts, they are precise, never wear out, don't need calibration, work under many environmental conditions, and are consistent between sensors and readings. Moreover they are easy to use. 203
- Flame Sensor This Flame Sensor can be used to detect fire source or other light sources of the wave length in the range of (760nm - 1100 nm). It is based on the YG1006 sensor which is a high speed and high sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor. Due to its black epoxy, the sensor is sensitive to infrared radiation. Institute (ETSI). It is controlled via AT commands. - Siren : It is used to generate alarm sound whenever any of the sensors become active. - LCD : It is used for display. IV. ALGORITHM - Pump water Pump is a device used to move fluids (liquids or gases) or sometimes slurries by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. Pumps must have a mechanism which operates them, and consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. The activating mechanism is often reciprocating or rotary. - GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) GSM is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards The microcontroller algorithm is based on performing the following steps :.. Polling the sensors... If the temperature sensor gives high reading, it is an indication of possible fire.... If the flame sensor gives abnormal reading, it is an indication of possible fire... If the smoke sensor gives a smoke alarm, it is an indication of possible fire... If the two sensors give abnormal readings, it is an indication of high possibility of fire... If the.three sensors gives abnormal readings, it is a definite indication of fire.. Bascom programming language is used in programming the microcontroller The algorithm for the system is : Start Initialization :.. Put firefight pump to OFF. Display normal status on the screen of the LCD. Poll the sensors:.. If ( temperature > 50 ), then call temperature 204
.. If ( flame = ON ), then call flame.. If ( smoke = ON ), then call smoke.. If [( temperature > 50 ) AND ( flame = ON )], then call temperature-flame.. If [( temperature > 50 ) AND ( smoke = ON )], then call temperature-smoke.. If [( flame = ON ) AND ( smoke = ON )], then call flame-smoke.. If [( temperature > 50 ) AND ( flame = ON ) AND ( smoke = ON )], then call temperatureflame-smoke Go to Poll the sensors. Temperature : Display over temperature on the screen of the LCD.... Activate siren for 10 seconds. Flame : Display flame on the screen of the LCD.... Activate siren for 10 seconds. Smoke : Display smoke on the screen of the LCD.... Activate siren for 10 seconds. Temperature-flame : Display over temperature + flame on the screen of the LCD.... Activate siren for 20 seconds. temperature-smoke : Display over temperature + smoke on the screen of the LCD.... Activate siren for 210 seconds. flame-smoke : Display flame + smoke on the screen of the LCD.... Activate siren for 20 seconds. Temperature-flame-smoke : Display Fire on the screen of the LCD.... Activate siren for 30 seconds. V. RESULTS Fire fighting task happens when the system confirms the fire occurrence.table (1) below shows the results when operating the system.the table indicates the action taken for each happening. 205
Table (1) The results when operating the system Temp. sensor Flame sensor Smoke sensor ACTION 1 0 0 Siren ON (10s.) 0 1 0 Siren ON (10s.) 0 0 1 Siren ON (10s.) 1 1 0 Siren ON (20s.) 1 0 1 Siren ON (20s.) 0 1 1 Siren ON (20s.) 1 1 1 Siren ON (30s.) +Firefighting Command NOTE : Logic 1 = sensor is activated, Logic 0 = sensor is idle (not activated). VI. CONCLUSION References : Remote sensing observation allows to keep an eye on any thing.. At the sensed location, data acquisition from the sensors is continuous. The design of the sensing system can gather real-time sensing, giving alarm, and communicate to a remote personnel computer. In this system a microcontroller is used to control and operate the whole system. The system is capable of indicating its status through SMS messages.. The ATmega32 microcontroller is used to process the sensor circuitry input and interface the system to GSM network to enable wireless communication. It is also used to control a firefighting pump to put out flames when detected. [1] Remote control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/remote control April.1O.2008. [2] Remote control by phone http://apogeekits.com March.20.2008 [3] http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/smoke_de tector,accessed 05/04/2014. [4] Steven Steven Frank Barrett, Daniel J. Pack, Atmel AVR Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2008. [5] http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pump,. [6] http:// elecfreaks.com/wiki/index.php?title=efcom _pro_gprs/gsm_module, 206