A highly efficient Enclosure is Key Maximize Solar Gain Minimum Insulation Values Walls R-65 Roof R-90 Slab R-60 No Thermal Bridging! 0.6 ACH_50 or better The Building is always the sum of ALL it s parts
Air tightness is the cheapest and easiest measure to conserve energy, and to ensure the longevity of the core structure 0.6 ACH_50 Minimize penetrations Pre-test and Re-test
0.6 ACH_50 made simple: 1. Design for a continuous air barrier 2. Design fool proof air seal for windows and doors 3. Minimize any penetrations 4. Pre-test, Re-test
.4 cfm/ft 2 @ 75P BEES 2013 about 3 ACH @ 75P Building Energy Efficiency Standard
Home Energy Magazine
Fans/Vents 4% Air Leakage 1 Electric Outlets 2% Doors 11% Windows 10% Floors/Walls/ Ceilings 31% Plumbing Penetrations 13% Fireplace 14% Ducts 15%
Air Leakage 2 Exterior Wall & Windows 27% Doors 41% Wall/Ceiling 7% Wall/Floor 6% Wall/ Partitions 19%
Is this a good place to caulk? x
Where is the Air Barrier located? x
Indoor Environmental Quality Breathing in a plastic bag!
1.6 Gallon/Minute at Rest
Tighter Construction New Chemicals and Toxins Moisture and Mold
Health and Comfort Air Humidity CO² Concentration VOC s Smells Mold
Balanced Ventilation Stale air exhausted from the kitchen and bathrooms Fresh air delivered to bedrooms and living spaces
Indoor Environmental Quality HRV = Heat Recovery Ventilator = Supplying Fresh Air while Saving Energy
Heat Recovery System Provides energy-efficient, healthy and comfortable indoor climate solutions. Comfort Indoor Climate Solutions Health Energy-efficiency
Components of an HRV Device DC motors Lowest energy consumption Heat recovery unit High heat recovery > 90% Filters Control unit /display
Components of Heat Recovery Heat exchangers Cross current flow Heat recovered > 90% Summer bypass automatic temperature freely adjustable Heat exchange Ventilators efficient DC motor continuously variable
F 41 ERV Energy Recovery Ventilator (heat and humidity) Humidity exchange by semi permeable membrane Efficiency for heat recovery: 80 Efficiency for humidity recovery: 65%.
Heat exchanger core Outdoor 0 C 22 C Indoor 5 C 20 C Counter flow heat-exchanger 90 % F 42
Experience with cutting edge energy efficiency with Zero-Heating-Energy-dwellings Wädenswil, 1990 Comprehensive measures to reduce consumption and to use solar heat 600 pounds of wood/year for space heating/dhw F 47
Determining Factors for Energy Use in Zero Energy Homes Important reduction compared to average by shape, insulation, HRV First 9m 2 of solar collectors with equal gain as next 25m 2 Solar heat storage 20m 3 with little effect Spec. heat consumption kbtu/ft 2 a 50 40 30 20 10 0 kwh/m 2 a 150 100 50 Building shape Ø ZH 1990 Orientation of windows U-value of windows 0-En. dwelling Wädenswil U-value of roof, walls HRV Effect of measures Remaining needs 9m 2 solar coll.+ storage +25m 2 solar collektor 20m 3 storage Waste water rec.
Energy Savings in Finland with Energy Recovery Average heat consumption for space heating in dwellings in Finland: Consumption with energy recovery: 29 000 kwh 24 500 kwh Net saving is 4500 kwh per year or 15%!!
Bath Fan vs. HRV Energy Usage Bath Fan case, 60 CFM continuous: Energy Usage = (1.085)(60 CFM)(70 F - 30 F)(24 hours) = 62,496 Btu/Day Bath Fan Case, 120 CFM intermittent (2 hours per day): Energy Usage = (1.085)(120 CFM)(70 F - 30 F)(2 hours) = 10,416 Btu/Day Ventilation Thermal Energy Usage Make-up Air Temperature Daily Energy Usage [btu/day] 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 62,496 Continuous Bath Fan 10,416 Intermittant Bath Fan Make-up Air Temperature [ F] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Continuous Bath Fan 30 30 Intermittant Bath Fan
Bath Fan vs. HRV Energy Usage 75% Efficient HRV case, 60 CFM continuous: Energy Usage = (1.085)(60 CFM)(70 F - 30 F)(24 hours)(1 0.75) = 15,624 Btu/Day Make-up air temperature = 30 F + (70 F - 30 F)*(0.75) = 60 F Ventilation Thermal Energy Usage Make-up Air Temperature Daily Energy Usage [btu/day] 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 62,496 10,416 15,624 Make-up Air Temperature [ F] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 30 30 60 0 Continuous Bath Fan Intermittant Bath Fan 75% Efficient HRV 0 Continuous Bath Fan Intermittant Bath Fan 75% Efficient HRV
Bath Fan vs. HRV Energy Usage 90% Efficient HRV case, 60 CFM continuous: Energy Usage = (1.085)(60 CFM)(70 F - 30 F)(24 hours)(1 0.90) = 6,250 Btu/Day Make-up air temperature = 30 F + (70 F - 30 F)*(0.90) = 66 F Ventilation Thermal Energy Usage Make-up Air Temperature Daily Energy Usage [btu/day] 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 62,496 10,416 15,624 6,250 Make-up Air Temperature [ F] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 30 30 60 66 0 Continuous Bath Fan Intermittant Bath Fan 75% Efficient HRV 90% Efficient HRV 0 Continuous Bath Fan Intermittant Bath Fan 75% Efficient HRV 90% Efficient HRV
Change of Comfort and Wealth Comfort has continuously been rising with varying energy consumption Change will continue High Central heating Therm. insulation Solar + geoth. HP-syst. Comfo- Home Information systems, others? Heat recovery ventilation, >thermal insulation, >efficiency, >air tightness air tightness, noise protection, renewable energies Thermal insulation Low Decentr. stoves Central heating, 2 nd bathroom 1950 1970 1990 2000 2012 Year of construction Energy consumption Comfort Construction cost