Int. J. on Communications, Vol. 5, 2014 Real Time Leakage Detection, Prevention and Tracking System for Mobile Gas Tankers Sagar Shinde 1 (Asst.Prof.), Dr.A.J.Patil 2 (Principal) 1, 2 SGDCOE, E & TC Department, Jalgaon, India Email 1 : sagar.shinde5736@gmail.com Email 2 : ajp1@indiatimes.com Abstract Leakage of venomous gases results in severe health hazards and ecological pollution. A system has been developed to sense hazardous gases like Liquefied Petroleum Gas, propane and butane. Gas concentration along with location of the gas container display on Liquid Crystal Display and on remote computer using Global Positioning System in addition to Zigbee technology. An important feature of this system is its real time operation in detection, monitor and avoidance of gas leakage. If the amount of gas exceeds specified level then an alarm is generated, avoiding further gas leakage by closure of the solenoid valve. Index Terms ARM-7 processor, Gas Leakage, Global Positioning System, sensors, Zigbee, solenoid valve. I. INTRODUCTION In our day to day life, environment has most significant impact on our heath issue. It is present need that environment and diligence air quality issues are to be discussed to increase the awareness and responsibility regarding threats on environment towards public and workers health. In lofty jeopardy diligences that are chemical, gasoline etc little laxity may origin for weighty economical loss and grave ecological pollution [1]. Dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are colourless and odourless compound that are produced by incomplete combustion. Air pollution cannot be detected visually, by taste as it can be odourless, tasteless and colourless. Air pollution results significant risk factor such as respiratory inspection, heart malady and lung cancer. In metropolitan cities up to 50% offspring s suffer from asthma according to world health organization [2]. LPG is composed of propane and butane which is highly flammable chemical compound. LPG Gas leakage can be happened inside home, commercial site, gas powered vehicle and in gas transportation vehicles. Leakage of this gas can be dangerous as it raises the risk of building fire or an explosion, catastrophe will be occurred. Causality cause by this hazard is common news. Actually LPG does not have any odor, gas companies add a odorant such as ethanethion, thiophene or a mercaptan[4] so that leakage can be detected easily but some people has less sense of smell so in such a cases gas leak detector becomes essential and helps to protect human being from hazardous gas leakage. Fire and vehicle exhaust are common sources of carbon monoxide (CO). It is silent killer injurious gas; its harmfulness is reliant on its concentration and exposure time. If exposure time too long at that moment it can lead to brain injured and even death. Conventional leak detection method includes a periodical inspection which does not provide real time monitoring of gas leakage. In chemical, gasoline diligences it is tough to identify the leakages and accidents in real time and difficult to control the action of losing. There are still shortcomings on lively gas leakage detection, monitoring and data transmission to remote centre. These troubles can be solved with aid of real time gas leakage monitoring and gas leak prevention of movable gas tanker. 13
A system has been developed that gives gas leakage indicator alarm, provides gas leak prevention, shows concentration of leakage gas and GPS coordinate on display, it also offers facility to monitor and observe these details on remote computer and on hyper terminal simultaneously in real time. The detection of dangerous gases is one of the major challenges in preclusion of accidents and hazards. II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY The following aspects were considered for system design. The purpose is to design a multi-transmitter, single receiver control system. The transmitters are gas sources which can be fixed at a site or are moving across the globe in form of gas tankers. 1) Analysis and selection of gas sensors for detection and monitoring concentration of LPG, butane gas. 2) Design of a gas leakage control system which gives leakage indication alarm on exceeding gas threshold level which is user programmable. 3) Measure and exhibit concentration of gas in parts per million (ppm) as function of times. The sampling time interval selected is per second. 4) locate the position of the gas container (fixed or moving) Display the location of the tanker indicating latitude and longitude using GPS. This is updated every second. 5) Indicate concentration of gas in graphical form on a remote computer as function of time and position of tanker for all transmitters. 6) Display of gas concentration, tanker location on hyper-terminal for all the transmitting terminals simultaneously. III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Figure. 1 and Figure. 2 are the functional block diagram of the developed system. Figure. 1 shows transmitter section of the system which will be at tanker location. Figure. 2 is the receiver at remote center. Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram of System (Transmitter) 14
Figure 2: Functional Block Diagram of System (Receiver) As the system is ON the initial message on display is Gas leakage monitoring. Whenever leakage is detected by MQ-6 then the Concentration of Gas and GPS Co-ordinates displayed on LCD. By using MATLAB software we can continuously monitor the gas Concentration as well as GPS Co-ordinates lived on remote computer. If the amount of gas is within secure level, then routine monitoring continues, If it is beyond specified level then ARM-7 immediately activates buzzer along with switching on the exhaust fan so that the gases are mix in atmosphere and the signal is given to close an LPG safe solenoid valve which is fitted to the outlet of movable gas tanker so that further leakage avoided. Exhaust fan does not generate spark, so it is totally harmless for use. Driver circuits using relays have to be designed to ON the solenoid valve and exhaust fan. Inverter may be required to interface exhaust fan so that it can operate even during power failure. MQ-6 gas sensor is used to sense the toxic gas and has lofty sensitivity to LPG and butane gas. A. ARM7TDMI ARM provides lofty-performance less-price, low power-consumption RISC processors. It is well suited with main platform operating systems which are Symbian OS, Palm OS, Windows CE, and Linux. ARM-7 has two serial ports which are useful for Zigbee and GPS module. B. Sensor MQ-6 MQ-6 Sensor shown in Fig. 3 is used to sense LPG, butane and also response to Natural gas. It is a handy gas Detector which has longevity life with less cost. The sensor has admirable sensitivity combined with a fast retort time, simple driver circuit, preheat time over 24 hours, Detecting Concentration Scope is 200-10,000 ppm, circuit and heat voltage is 5 V. electronic circuit is used to convert gas concentration to its equivalent output Signal. C. Zigbee Module Figure 3: LPG gas sensors 1) The XBee family of ZigBee/802.15.4 RF modules is the best option for outstanding wireless performance in a low cost. Each XBee module comes in either a normal or long-range PRO version. 2) Zigbee Mesh networking protocol enhanced data traffic management, remote firmware updates, 2) Three license-free bands 2.4-2.4835 GHz, 868-870 MHz and 902-928 MHz s. Operating supply voltage 2.1 V to 3.6 V. 3) Less power utilization 3.1 mw. 15
4) Maximum data rates 250 kbps @2.4 GHz, supply current transmitting is 33 ma, supply current receiving is 28 ma. 5) Addressing freedom of up to 64 bit IEEE address devices, 65,535 networks. 6) RF line of sight range 90 m. D. Global Positioning System GPS receiver found and operated by the U.S Department of Defence (DOD). The exactness of it strongly depends on number and position of available satellites. It has Lofty throughput and latency. It tracks up to 12 satellites, it can compute exact longitude, and latitude coordinates GPS antennas on a vehicle mounted in the interior, close to the windshield. Transmitting current 1 ampere peak, the maximum signal strength of GPS satellites on earth approximately-153dbw, Update rate 1 second, Acquisition time 54 second. E.Solenoid Valve Figure 4 shows the Solenoid valve. Solenoid valve has two key parts - solenoid and valve. It is the electromagnetic valve for gas controlled by stopping or running the current through it by means of which opens or closes the valve. Specifications 1) 9-24V DC operations 2) Push or pull type with 5.5 mm throw 3) DC coil resistance: 100 ohms 4) 5 Newton starting force (24V DC) Figure 4: Solenoid Valve F. Multiple transmitter and Single Receiver Figure 5 shows the concept of multiple transmitters and single receiver which has been used in developed system so that gas leakage from multiple tankers can be detected, monitored on single receiver. Fig 5: Block Diagram Multiple Transmitters and Single Receiver 16
IV. Flow chart of developed system Figure 6: Flow chart V. prototype model of developed system Figure 7: Photograph of Prototype Model 17
V.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Real Time Text on HyperTerminal Figure 8: Screen Shot of HyperTerminal Figure 8 shows screen shot of HyperTerminal. HyperTerminal text is *29782100.2933, N07535.2456, E in which * denotes start of communication between Zigbee transmitter and Zigbee receiver, 2 denotes the number of transmitter, 978 is concentration of gas in parts per million and remaining text are the GPS Coordinates. B.Real Time Monitorig on Remote Computer Figure 9: Screen Shot Output on Remote Computer 18
Figure. 9 shows the output of live Monitoring on a remote computer. The graph obtained in MATLAB shows concentration of gas as function of time and position of tanker for all transmitters. The sampling time interval selected is per second. C.Graphs for Real Time Gas Leakage From Transmitters Figure 10: Screen Shot of Final Graphs for Gas leakage in ppm Vs Time in seconds on Remote Computer Fig. 10 shows Final graphical output of gas leakage per second lively on remote computer for transmitter 1 as well as transmitter 2 respectively. It forms after real time monitoring of fifty seconds. D.Summarize the Results of System Gas Concentration System Status Voltage Range Table I Results and Status of System Components Alarm Solenoid Valve Functions Performed Exhaust Fan 500ppm Normal 1.3 V OFF OFF OFF >500ppm Gas Leakage >1.3 V ON ON ON Display output Concentration of Gas ( 200 ppm) GPS Coordinates: ( 2100.2905, N07535.2411,E) Concentration of Gas ( 964 ppm) GPS Coordinates ( 2100.2905,N07535.2411,E) 19
Table I. summarizes the results and status of system components. The system will be in normal mode when gas concentration is less than 500 ppm, where the output of sensor is less than 1.3 V The alarm, solenoid valve and exhaust fan are in OFF condition. When the gas concentration exceeds the user set level which is 500 ppm in the prototype system, the system analyses this situation as gas leak. The alarm is activated, the exhaust fan turns ON and the solenoid valve closes to shun further leakage. VI.CONCLUSIONS The developed system was tested successfully on prototype model for varying condition of gas concentration. The test results were found to be accurate in normal as well as in excess gas environment. The merit of the system is that real time detection and monitoring is achieved at remote terminal. Thus this system has a wide scope in chemical and gasoline industry and laboratories to shun hazards, Irrespective of the gas source which can be fixed or mobile. Installation of this system can offer better safety with low power consumption. REFERENCES [1] Ding Chengjun, Liu Ximao, Duan ping, Development on gas leak detection and location system based on wireless sensor networks Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation 978-0-7695-4296 6111,2011IEEE.DOI10.1109/ICMTMA.2011.267, PP 1067-1070 [2] V.Ramya, B. Palaniappan, Embedded system for hazardous gas detection and alerting IJDPS, VOL.3, NO.3, May 2012. PP 287-300 [3] Sunitha.J, sushimita.d, Embedded control system for LPG leak detection and prevention ICCCE 2012, ISBN 978-1-4675-2248-9. [4]A.Mahalingam,R.T.Naayagi,N.E.Mastorakis, Design and implementation of ane economic gas leakage detector RRAECE,ISBN 978-1-61804-074-9. [5] Jiangwen Wan, Yang Yu, Yinfeng Wu, Renjian Feng and Ning Yu, Hierarchical leak detection and localization method in natural gas pipeline monitoring sensor networks Sensors 2012, 12, 189-214; doi:10.3390/s120100189. [6] Dr.Jun Zhang, Designing cost effective and reliable pipeline leak detection system Pipeline Reliability Conference, Houston, USA, November 1996,PP 19-22. [7]Dipanjan Bhattacharjee, Purva Bhatnagar, Sushabhan Choudhury, Design and development of a flexible reliable smart gas detection system International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887), Volume 31 No.9, October 2011,PP 1-8. [8]G.A.Arun Kumar, K.Rajasekhar, B.V.V.Satyanarayana, K.Suryanarayana Murthy, Implementation of real time detection of gas leakage in industries using ARM7 & ZigBee, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 1 Issue 7, September 2012, ISSN: 2278-0181, PP 1-4 [9]C.Sasikumar, D.Manivannan, Gas leakage detection and monitoring based on low power microcontroller and Xbee International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), Vol 5 No 1 Feb-Mar 2013, ISSN : 0975-4024,PP 58-62 [10]Xia Haibo, Zhang Laibin, Development actualities of pipeline leak detection technology at home and abroad. Oil and gas storage and transportation, 2001, 20(1). 1-5 (In Chinese [11]Philips Semiconductors. LPC2131/2132/2134/2136/2138 Single-chip 16/32-bit microcontrollers datasheet. Rev. 02 15 April 2005, PP 1-41 [12]IEEE standards 802.15.4, The institute of electrical and electronics engineers. Inc.2003.10. [13]Shanin Farahani, Zigbee wireless networks and transceiver, newnespress, 2008.25 32,225-246. [14] www.digi.comxbee ZigBee /802.15.4 Modules. 20