Public Mobility Systems WIT PRESS WIT Press publishes leading books in Science and Technology. Visit our website for the current list of titles. www.witpress.com WITeLibrary Home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute, the WIT electronic-library provides the international scientific community with immediate and permanent access to individual papers presented at WIT conferences. Visit the WIT elibrary at http://library.witpress.com
WIT Series on Transport Systems & Traffic Engineering Series Editor: A. Pratelli, University of Pisa, Italy Titles in Series Intersections Control & Safety Urban Streets Design & Planning Public Mobility Systems
Public Mobility Systems Edited by A. Pratelli University of Pisa, Italy
WIT Series on Transport Systems & Traffic Engineering Series Editor: A. Pratelli, University of Pisa, Italy Editor: A. Pratelli, University of Pisa, Italy Published by WIT Press Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK Tel: 44 (0) 238 029 3223; Fax: 44 (0) 238 029 2853 E-Mail: witpress@witpress.com http://www.witpress.com For USA, Canada and Mexico WIT Press 25 Bridge Street, Billerica, MA 01821, USA Tel: 978 667 5841; Fax: 978 667 7582 E-Mail: infousa@witpress.com http://www.witpress.com British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A Catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-84564-908-1 eisbn: 978-1-84564-909-8 ISSN (print): 2051-6827 ISSN (online): 2051-6835 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2014943462 The texts of the papers in this volume were set individually by the authors or under their supervision. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher, the Editors and Authors for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. The Publisher does not necessarily endorse the ideas held, or views expressed by the Editors or Authors of the material contained in its publications. WIT Press 2014 Printed in Great Britain by Lightning Source, UK. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher.
Preface This is the third book in the series, and as with the previous two in the series, its main concern is to encourage a fruitful dialogue between research and practice. Public mobility systems mean issues related to mass transport, rapid transit services, carpooling measures, and car sharing strategies. The book contains papers dealing with such real study-cases coming from all over the world: Zagreb, Mexico City, Holy Makkah and Gauteng region of South Africa. The book also has some more theoretical papers on transit systems, which span general methodology, state of the art and model analysis. It is well known that model development cannot be disjointed from a deep knowledge and understanding of real world phenomena and human experiences. This way, the book tries to collect fragments of public mobility systems, both from international practice and academic theory, in an effort to make a place where ideas are mutually shared to progress and lay the ground for innovations. Many papers of the book can also be used as advanced background reading in graduate courses on transport studies and traffic engineering. I wish to thank again Professor Carlos Brebbia, who persuaded me to be the editor of this book series, and I hope that he has found me equal to this task. Many thanks are also due to WIT Press staff who took the effort and care to make it all possible. Antonio Pratelli
Professor Antonio Pratelli Department of Civil & Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa (Italy) Currently, he is professor of Transport Studies at the College of Engineering of the University of Pisa. His main research activity is addressed in the field of transportation networks planning and design. Author of more than 90 papers published in major national and international journals, book chapters and conference proceedings. In the past and as host professor, he also held courses at the University of Florence, and at the University of Siena. As visiting professor, he held lectures at the Iowa State University, University of Kentucky, University of Bahrein, and University of Zagreb. He is Director in Chief of two research labs on transport and logistics, and director of Master in Logistics System Management at the University of Pisa. Professor Pratelli also acts as a Consulting Engineer for large Italian firms on accessibility, trip generation forecasts, road networks management and control, design of intersection and parking facilities. During the last decade he has designed a number of roundabouts, which today, for the large part, are in operation in several cities both in Tuscany and in other parts of Italy. He was awarded the WIT Eminent Scientist Medal by Wessex Institute of Technology (UK) in June 2011.
Contents Inserting bus rapid transit into an existing transportation system: the Mexico City experience G. Sands, L. A. Reese, M. Arteaga, C. Espinosa, L. Ibarra, J. Latargere & A. Ruiz... 1 Functional and dysfunctional urban mass transportation systems in the greater Gauteng region of South Africa J. Chakwizira, P. Bikam & T. A. Adeboyejo... 13 Rapid transit service in the unique context of Holy Makkah: assessing the first year of operation during the 2010 pilgrimage season I. Kaysi, M. Sayour, B. Alshalalfah & A. Gutub... 25 The influence of the European CiViTAS ELAN project on development of a better and sustainable public transport in the City of Zagreb D. Baric, L. Novacko & H. Pilko... 41 Analysis of possible risks in introducing congestion charging and carpooling measures in Zagreb M. Slavulj, I. Grgurević & J. Golubić... 51 Method for analysis and comparison in planning urban surface transport systems R. Bozzo, M. Canepa, C. Carnevali, R. Genova & G. Priano... 63 Advanced bus transit systems: best practice mobility solutions for emerging agglomerations G. Mattrisch & D. M. Weiss... 75 Medium-capacity transit systems: some reflections about making the right choice M. Novales, A. Orro, E. Conles & J. Anta... 85
Mode succession in a public transit corridor J. Hubbell, S. C. Wirasinghe, N. McKendrick, D. Morgan, F. Wong & R. Thilakaratne... 97 Car-sharing relocation strategies: a state of the art E. M. Cepolina, A. Farina & A. Pratelli... 109 Identifying appropriate options for delivering urban transportation to older people J. F. Brake... 121 Estimation of carbon emissions reduction intensity for a bus rapid transit system Y. Yan... 131 Effect of pedestrian-oriented design benefits to land value C.-N. Li & Y.-K. Hsieh... 137 Author index... 149