Chalk, Cheese, Fish and Fowl: Comparing noise criteria - A Northbridge example Presented by Peter Popoff-Asotoff Principal Environmental Officer (Noise), DWER Environmental Health Australia National Conference 2018 Thursday 1 Nov 2018
The proliferation of noise rating methods across the world stems from the desire that they should in some sense mirror the extraordinarily complex workings of the human ear and brain without being any more complicated than necessary for the immediate problem at hand Schultz, TJ, 1982, Community noise rating, 2 nd ed, New York: Applied Science Publishers Ltd.
Indicative draft Northbridge Entertainment Precinct Boundary
Environmental Protection (Noise) Regulations 1997 Assigned Levels: noise sensitive
Influencing Factor calculation
Influencing Factor calculation I = (% Industrial inner circle + % Industrial outer circle) x 1/10 C = (% Commercial inner circle + % Commercial outer circle) x 1/20 Total TF not larger than 6 Major road in small circle, TF=6 Major road in large circle, TF=2 For each secondary road in small circle, TF=2 IF = I + C + TF
Northbridge Assigned Level Range - night Low IF 6 Typical IF 10 High IF 16 L Amax L A1 L A10 L Amax L A1 L A10 L Amax L A1 L A10 55 + 6 45 + 6 35 + 6 61 51 41 55 + 10 45 + 10 35 + 10 65 55 45 55 + 16 45 + 16 35 + 16 71 61 51
Statistical Levels to Energy Equivalent Levels LAmax Assigned Levels Level () LA1 LA10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent of time
Statistical Levels to Energy Equivalent Levels LAmax Assigned Levels Equivalent LAeq Level () LA1 LAeq LA10 4.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent of time
Outside Level to Inside Music Level L Amax Low IF L A1 L A10 61 51 41 L Amax Typical IF L A1 L A10 65 55 45 L Amax High IF L A1 L A10 71 61 51 L Aeq 45.5 L Aeq 49.5 L Aeq 55.5 Music adjustment -10 Music adjustment -10 Music adjustment -10 Inside adjustment -15 Inside adjustment -15 Inside adjustment -15 Inside night time L Aeq for music 20.5 Inside night time L Aeq for music 24.5 Inside night time L Aeq for music 30.5
Criteria Origin of criteria Entertainment criteria Low frequency noise criteria Threshold of hearing criteria Building internal standards International health standards Type of criteria Broadband Spectral
Converting from Linear spectral criteria to A-weighted broadband criterion 60 Linear spectral criteria to A-weighted broadband criterion Fortitude Valley - Linear criteria 50 Sound Pressure Level () 40 30 20 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 A-Wt Sum 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Converting from Linear spectral criteria to A-weighted broadband criterion Sound Pressure Level () 60 50 40 30 20 A-Weight Linear spectral criteria to A-weighted broadband criterion Fortitude Valley - Linear criteria Fortitude Valley - A weighted Sum 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 A-Wt Sum 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Broadband comparison Criteria Northbridge: Low / Typical / High Broadband (A) Notes 20.5 / 24.5 / 30.5 Defined specifically for music noise Fortitude Valley 30 (1) Defined specifically for music noise DEFRA LF criteria (portion) 26 (1) Not specifically for music noise ISO 389-7 threshold of hearing 23.1 (1) Summation has limited meaning South Australian Guideline 30 (1) Defined specifically for music noise Sydney proposed overall residential design criteria 35 Assumed specifically for music noise NOTES: (1) Levels presented are levels calculated as a summation of onethird octave band levels where one-third octave band levels are set as criteria (2) The criterion is defined by the summation of ten onethird octave band levels. Sydney proposed LF criteria Option 1 25 (2) Assumed specifically for music noise Sydney proposed LF criteria Option 2 30 (1) Assumed specifically for music noise DEFRA one-off event 34 Defined for one-off music events AS 2107:2016 35-40 Not specifically for music noise WHO (1999) 30 Not specifically for music noise
Converting from A-weighted broadband criterion to Linear spectral criteria 60 A-weighted broadband criterion to Linear spectral criteria Sound Pressure Level () 50 40 30 20 10 Evenly distributed A-weighted levels Distribute 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 A-Wt 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Converting from A-weighted broadband criterion to Linear spectral criteria 60 A-weighted broadband criterion to Linear spectral criteria Evenly distributed A-weighted levels as Linear levels Sound Pressure Level () 50 40 30 20 10 Remove A-Weighting Evenly distributed A-weighted levels 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 A-Wt 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Converting from A-weighted broadband criterion to Linear spectral criteria 60 A-weighted broadband criterion to Linear spectral criteria Evenly distributed A-weighted levels as Linear levels Evenly distributed A-weighted levels Sound Pressure Level () 50 40 30 20 Individual spectral level equating to broadband A-weighted level Individual Linear level 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 A-Wt 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Spectral comparison Criteria Proposed (IF = 6 ) Evenly distributed across bands One-third-octave band levels [(Lin)] 31.5 Hz 40 Hz 50 Hz 63 Hz 80 Hz 100 Hz 125 Hz 51.4 46.6 42.2 38.2 34.5 31.1 28.1 Proposed (IF = 6 ) Max in single band Proposed (IF = 10) Evenly distributed across bands Proposed (IF = 10) Max in single band Proposed (IF = 16 ) Evenly distributed across bands Proposed (IF = 16 ) Max in single band 59.9 55.1 50.7 46.7 43.0 39.6 36.6 55.4 50.6 46.2 42.2 38.5 35.1 32.1 63.9 59.1 54.7 50.7 47.0 43.6 40.6 61.4 56.6 52.2 48.2 44.5 41.1 38.1 69.9 65.1 60.7 56.7 53.0 49.6 46.6 Fortitude Valley 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 DEFRA LF criteria (portion) 56 49 43 42 40 38 36 ISO 389-7 threshold of hearing 59.5 51.1 44 37.5 31.5 26.5 22.1 South Australian Guideline 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 Sydney LF Option 2 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 Sydney LF Option 1 (portion) Max in single band 64.4 59.6 55.2 51.2 47.5 - - Sydney LF Option 1 (portion) Evenly distributed across bands 54.4 49.6 45.2 41.2 37.5 - - DEFRA (2011) Low Frequency criteria spans 10 Hz to 160 Hz Sydney Open and Creative City (2017) discussion paper defines Option 1: the logarithmic summation of the 10 Hz to 80 Hz one-third octave bands not to exceed 25(A)
Spectral comparison Sound Pressure Level ( Lin) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Northbridge - allowable levels for music measured inside with the windows closed - reference curves ToH ISO 389-7 free-field Fortitude Valley DEFRA LF 2011 (portion) 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Spectral comparison Sound Pressure Level ( Lin) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Northbridge - allowable levels for music measured inside with the windows closed, IF low (6 ), expressed as equivalent Leq (8hr) ToH ISO 389-7 free-field Fortitude Valley DEFRA LF 2011 (portion) NBr LAeq low 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Spectral comparison Sound Pressure Level ( Lin) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Northbridge - allowable levels for music measured inside with the windows closed, IF low (6 ), expressed as equivalent Leq (8hr) Maximum level for all bands evenly distributed = 20.5 (A) Maximum level for a single band: 20.5 (A) Maximum level for all bands and each single band = 29.7 (A) ToH ISO 389-7 free-field Fortitude Valley DEFRA LF 2011 (portion) NBr LAeq low Maximum level for all bands and each single band = 25.6 (A) 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Spectral comparison Sound Pressure Level ( Lin) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Northbridge - allowable levels for music measured inside with the windows closed, IF typical (10 ), expressed as equivalent Leq (8hr) Maximum level for all bands evenly distributed = 24.5 (A) Maximum level for a single band: 24.5 (A) Maximum level for all bands and each single band = 29.7 (A) ToH ISO 389-7 free-field Fortitude Valley DEFRA LF 2011 (portion) NBr LAeq typ Maximum level for all bands and each single band = 25.6 (A) 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
Spectral comparison Sound Pressure Level ( Lin) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Northbridge - allowable levels for music measured inside with the windows closed, IF high (16 ), expressed as equivalent Leq (8hr) Maximum level for all bands evenly distributed = 30.5 (A) Maximum level for a single band: 30.5 (A) Maximum level for all bands and each single band = 29.7 (A) ToH ISO 389-7 free-field Fortitude Valley DEFRA LF 2011 (portion) NBr LAeq high Maximum level for all bands and each single band = 25.6 (A) 10 0 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 1/3 Octave band Centre Frequency (Hz)
References Brisbane City Council. (2014). Brisbane City Plan 2014 9. Guide for the Noise impact assessment planning scheme policy. Retrieved from: www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/planning-building/planning-guidelinestools/brisbane-city-plan-2014/city-plan-2014-fact-sheets City of Sydney. (2017). An Open and Creative City: planning for the culture and the night time economy. Retrieved from: http://www.sydneyyoursay.com.au/openandcreative DEFRA. (2006). Noise from Pubs and Clubs (Phase II) - Final Report. BRE/Capita Symons - Report for DEFRA - NANR163. Retrieved from: www.gov.uk/government/publications/noise-from-pubs-and-clubsphase-ii-final-report-may-2006 Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage. (2018). Planning for Entertainment Noise in the Northbridge Area: Public Consultation Paper. Retrieved from: https://www.planning.wa.gov.au/publications/entertainment-noise.aspx EPA South Australia. (2015). Guideline: Music noise from indoor venues and the South Australian Planning System. Retrieved from: www.epa.sa.gov.au/files/4771136_guide_music.pdf International Organization for Standardization. (2005). ISO 389-7:2005 Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibration of audiometric equipment - Pt7: Reference threshold of hearing under free-field and diffusefield listening conditions Standards Australia. (2016). AS/NZS 2107:2016 Acoustics Recommended design sound levels and reverberation times for building interiors. World Health Organization. (1999). Guidelines for Community Noise, World Health Organization Geneva. Retrieved from: whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/a68672.pdf?ua=1