Part II Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment EuP 1 Environmental Background Around 6 mio. tons of per year in EU Prospect: 3 to 5 % increase per year Collection, treatment and recovery rates low Treatment often difficult contains hazardous and valuable materials 2
2002/96/EC = : Core Regulations 3 extends producer responsibility towards end-of-life sets minimum collection target for sets minimum recovery/ recycling targets for collected encourages measures for design for re-use/recycling wants to reduce disposal, toxic impacts and resource losses Does Apply to You? See: Art. 2, and Annex I A You are Within the Scope Large and Small Household Appl., IT, Consumer Electronics, Lighting, Electrical/Electronic Tools, Toys, Leisure/Sports Equipm., 4 Monitoring/Control Instruments, Automatic Dispensers
Does Apply to You? See: Art. 2, and Annex I A You are Out of Scope Medical Equipment, Large-scale Stationary Industrial Tools 5 In and Out of Scope An Overview Video beamer!! Electronic tooth brush!! Electronic thermometer -! Car radio - - Pick-and-place machine! (?)! (?) 6
Are you a Producer? Distributor (Art. 3 ) Producer (Art. 3 ) 7 Provides EEE on commercial basis to user Manufactures/sells EEE under own brand name Sells EEE of other producers under own brand name Imports or exports EEE professionally into a Member State For whom you are producing or selling? 8 Business to private or private-like customer B2C Historically: Usually government collects the waste Business to Business: for commercial users B2B Waste management is part of the business and subject of contracts between seller and business user
You Are a Producer What You Have To Do! from private households (B2C) Install systems for take back free of cost for final user Individual or collective systems possible Finance re-use, recycling, disposal of Achieve minimum recovery and recycling targets from other than private users (B2B) In principle same obligations for new, BUT Member states as well as users and producers may agree on different financing and responsibilities 9 Treatment Definitions Recovery (Annex IIB Dir. 75/442/EEC) Re-use (Art. 3) Recycling (Art. 3): reprocessing for original or other purposes, excluding energy recovery (Material recycling!) Other recovery - Energy recovery - Filling mat. in construction Use of or components for original purpose 10 Definitions defined by treatment operation (Directive 75/442/ EEC)
Targets for Collection, Recycling, Recovery Separate Collection 4 kg per inhabitant and year from households Min. Recovery 80% 80% 75% 75% 70% 70% 11 Min. Recycling Art. 7, and Annex I A 75% 75% Large HH-Appliances Autom. Dispensers Cat. Cat. 1 + 10 10 65% 65% Telecomm. IT IT Consumer Cat. Cat. 3 + 4 50% 50% Small Small HH HH Appliances Lights Power tools tools Toys Toys Control Instruments Cat. Cat. 2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 9 Selective Treatment (Selection of Annex II) General removal of PWBs from mobile phones Removal of PWBs larger than 10 square-cm Removal of LCDs (larger than 100 square-cm), plastics with brominated flame retardants, batteries, mercury containing components etc. Adapt your product design to make selective treatment more efficient! 12
The Legislative Process 13 Commission 25 member states of the EU 25 (different) national laws Regional authorities TAC European Commission / Council adopted DIRECTIVES: / 25 EU member states transpose into national legislation Technical Adaptation Committee (TAC) guidance interpretation harmonization review The Base Makes the Difference /EuP based on Art. 95 of Treaty of the European Community based on Art. 175 (1) of Treaty of the European Community 14 implemented without changes bans, limit values and timelines equal in all EU countries implementation allows regional differences differences in each member state manufacturers have to follow (up to 25) individual systems
Timeline for & Directives directives and published in EU Official Journal 15 February 13, 2003 August 13, 2004 national legislation comes into force Germany: March 16, commission checks scope 2003 2005 2004 2005 2006 August 13, 2005 Take-back systems? 4 kg per inhabitant; recycling quotas to be met February 13, 2005...exemptions Dec 31, 2006 under way in Germany: postponed to March 06 July 1, 2006 Material restrictions come into force 4 kg & quotas SLO 4 kg & quotas IRL, GR, HU, SK, EST, CZ, LT, LV 12/ 2007 12/ 2008 2007 2008 2010 Pb free exemptions server etc. Readiness for and in Febr 2006 16
Implementation Freedoms For Member States Must producer finance collection from households? Frameworks for producer take back systems Regional take-back vs. nation-wide? Clearing House? Limit market power of collective systems? Distributors/retailers can/must take back as well? Financing of historical waste Financial guarantees from producers? Control and monitoring of recovery/recycling rates 17 / Transposition in Germany EU-Level National Levels Germany: Status Germany: ElektroG Target August 2004 failed Elektro- und Elektronikgerätegesetz Enacted in March 2005 18
Implementation Priorities in Germany Bad experience with Grüner Punkt (green dot) monopoly for packaging waste Industry pleads for competitive solution As much joint responsibility as necessary, as much individual as possible Prevent and pursue free-riders Each producer collects from all over Germany: Prevent raisin picking! Joint Clearing House organizes joint responsibilities of producers Collective take back systems limited to 33 % market share per category 19 Joint and Individual Producer Responsibilities 20 European -Directive German Elektro- und Elektronik- Altgeräte- Gesetz Setting the Rules Producer Registration Registration of Pick Up Coordination Logistics Recovery Certificates Monitoring Disposal Joint Producer Responsibility: Clearing House Individual Producer Responsibilities (individually or in collective system)
Principle Organization German ElektroG Shared Product Responsibility Assesses, monitors, enforces Joint Clearing House, Central Register informs Collects provides Communal Handover Point 21 Financial Responsibility of Producer assigns Producer Contracts recyclers, finances, proves pays Source: Markmann-Werner, Umweltministerium Niedersachsen Picks up Recycler Recovers, disposes How it Works for You in Germany Producer Principle Joint Clearing House Registers (OBLIGATORY) Information Receives Registration Number Register 22 Information Logistics, Recycling, Disposal Input into Market per Category Financial Guarantee Calculates Market Share (in %) Assigns Containers for Pick up Informs about Recovery/Recycling Certificate for Public Accountant Source: Mario Tobias, BITKOM Calculates Quantities Coordinates Pick up Controls
Collection at Communal Handover Points 23 Communal waste collectors provide FREE OF CHARGE in 5 categories (containers) 1. Large white goods, automatic dispensers 2. Cooling equipment 3. ICT and consumer equipment including CRTs (monitors, TVs) 4. Gas discharge lamps 5. Others (Small white goods, illumination equipment, electrical and electronic tools, sports and leisure equipment, medical devices, monitoring and control tools) Deadlines over in Germany 24 Registration until November 23, 2005 (B2B and B2C), now before bringing products to the EU market NO registration without financial guarantee! NO more sales without registration! Registration at http://www.stiftung-ear.de/hersteller/registrierung/ Testregistration possible http://www.stiftung-ear.de/hersteller/testregistrierung/ Website ONLY IN GERMAN!!!? Download English version of German ElektroG http://www.stiftung-ear.de/ Takeback and labeling started at March 23, 2006
Financial Guarantees Germany Insolvency-proof financial guarantee required Guarantee independently of whether producer runs individual or collective take-back system Guarantees Blocked bank account Bank guarantee, BITKOM insurance in Germany Cost: ~1 Euro per ton of products put on the market Contact: Anja Olsok, Tel. 030 / 275 76-140, Fax - 409, a.olsok@bitkom-service.org 25 Financial Guarantees Other Member States France Waived for members of approved collective systems Hungary High financial contributions for members of collective systems Considered as financial guarantee Individual systems not attractive Other member states No financial guarantees, or status unknown 26 Source: Perchard June 2005
Calculation of Recovery and Recycling Quota Each member state will do it his way! Decision in Germany: November 2005 (open points yet) Only few EU countries have a system in place: NL, Austria? Commission protocol on data formats/calculation of recycling/recovery rates available, but NOT binding Maybe some more standardization in a later stage 27 Monitoring Model Germany (Proposal Ökopol, Germany) Disposal Recovery = Takeover Point (Communal Input Collection Point, ) Output 4 Input Initial Treatment Operator Appliances, Materials, Fractions, Components W. Output 2 X. Output 3 Subsequent Treatment Operator 1 Output 7 Y. Output 5 + Z. Output 6 + Output 1 Output 1: Components Subsequent Treatment Operator 2 Y. Output 5 Z. Output 6 Recycling = Output 0: Devices Re-Use Y. Output 5 Input 28 Recycler 1 Energy Recovery
What the Symbols Mean Output n Fraction or components from input into process (in kg or tons) Output 0 (whole appliances for re-use) Not credited for recovery/recycling targets until December 31, 2008 W, X, Y, Z Recycling/recovery coefficients (discussed: constant, variable?) 0% W, X, Y, Z 100 % For short and non-complex process chains, or defined fractions: Use Output 2 and Output 3 in the counter 29 Example for Recovery/Recycling Coefficients (D) Glass Initial Treatment of Refrigerators (Selection) V= 0,35 (+0,65?) Cables W=1 X =1 Non-ferrous metals Compressor Shredding Y=1 Z=1 Building Materials Glass Industry Disassembly +0,65 Plastics Recovery Non-ferrous smelters Separation Steel Industry 30 Source: Ökopol
Implementation in Other Member States: NL 31 Registration necessary Only 2 take back systems IST-Milieu (IT, telecom, office equipment) NVMP for other equipment Financing obligation since January 1, 2005 No financial guarantee Producers may setup own systems Responsibility remains with producer!!!! Implementation Issues for Companies Can my products achieve the recovery and recycling targets? Join a consortium or do it individually? Which consortium, how to find one? How to find a recycler? How to comply with 25 different systems? Whatever goes wrong, YOU are Responsible!!! 32
How to Find a Consortium ZVEI (Germany, www.zvei.org) BITKOM (Germany, IT companies, www.bitkom.org) IHK (Industrie- und Handelskammer, www.ihk.de) Bundesverband der deutschen Industrie (BDI, www.bdi-online.de) Perchard Reports Overview on / Implementation in EU member states Contains DEADLINES for registrations, take back systems!! Information about producer consortia for take back in Europe http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/weee/#latest_information 33 How to Find a Recycler (Selection) Recycling Network Europe http://www.rene-europe.com/en/index.htm SIMS Mirec http://www.sims-mirec.com/indexuk.html info@sims-mirec.com Techprotect http://www.techprotect.de/artikel/0089db05-182b-4b6bbae9-20c62153cb88,0,taspx info@techprotect.de Contact Organizations on Previous Slide 34 Please note: The list is not complete and is in no way an evaluation or recommendation of the listed companies!
Waste separating by penguins We are separating our wastes now! 35