Natives Can Be Used in Formal Gardens Missouri s Native Plants (Creating a Pollinator s Paradise) Compiled by Debra Rainey Resources used: Monarch Waystation Program Thebutterflysite.com/missouributterflies GardensWithWings.com Wildflowers in the Home Landscape http://extension.missouri.edu/p/g6660 Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder Native Landscaping Manual Grow Native! Missouri Master Naturalists Missouri Wildflower Nursery Native Landscape Solutions Greene County Master Gardener 2018 Photo credit: Missouri Botanical Garden or natives can be used in more informal gardens. (Since they can be thugs, this might be preferred!) Photo Credit: grownative.org Photo Credit: Winner of the Gardenista Considered Design Awards Best Professional Landscape, Adam Woodruff & Associates, St. Louis, MO Why Plant Natives? Natives provide a natural habitat for butterflies, birds and beneficial insects. (Pollinators are an important part of our ecosystem and they need all the help they can get.) Natives usually require less water and little to no fertilizer or chemical pesticides. Missouri natives tend to be very tolerant of our extreme weather variations. (They are already acclimated to Missouri s weird weather.) Natives reduce maintenance when used to naturalize areas and can offer four seasons of interest when carefully integrated into your more formal landscape. SO MANY CHOICES SO LITTLE SPACE Amsonia Cilata Thread Leaf Blue Star Common Name: blue star Family: Apocynaceae Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: May Bloom Description: Pale blue Attracts: Birds & Butterflies Tolerate: Deer Photo credit: Obsessiveneuroticgardener.com 1
Amsonia Ilustris Shining Blue Star Antennaria neglecta Prairie (field) Pussytoes Common Name: shining blue star Family: Apocynaceae Bloom Time: May Bloom Description: Light blue, Rain Garden Attracts: Birds & Butterflies Tolerate: Deer Common Name: field pussytoes Height: 0.50 to 1.00 feet Spread: 0.50 to 1.00 feet Bloom Time: April to June Use: Ground Cover, Naturalizing (larval host for American Lady Butterfly Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil Aquilegia Canadensis Columbine Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Common Name: columbine Family: Ranunculaceae Bloom Description: Light pink/yellow to blood red/yellow Maintenance: Medium Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Rabbit, Deer, Drought, Dry Soil Common Name: swamp milkweed Family: Apocynaceae Zone: 3 to 6 Height: 4.00 to 5.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: July to August, pink, mauve to wet, Rain Garden & Birds Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Wet Soil Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Common Name: purple milkweed Family: Apocynaceae Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: May to July Bloom Description: Rose pink to purple & Birds Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky soil. Common Name: common milkweed Family: Apocynaceae Zone: 3 to 9 Spread: 0.75 to 1.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: Pink, mauve, white Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, 2
Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed Symphyotrichum laeve Smooth Aster Common Name: butterfly weed Family: Apocynaceae Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 1.00 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: June to August /orange, Rain Garden (larval host for Monarch Butterflies), Birds Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Common Name: smooth aster Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: September to October Bloom Description: Violet to purple rays and yellow centers Flower: Showy Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Aster novae angliae New England Aster Aster oblongifolius Aromatic Aster Common Name: New England aster Native Range: Eastern North America Height: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: August to September Bloom Description: Deep pink purple, Rain Garden Tolerate: Clay Soil Common Name: aromatic aster Height: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: August to September Bloom Description: Blue, purple Use: Ground Cover Attracts: Birds & Butterflies Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Baptisia australis Blue Wild Indigo Berlandiera texana Texas Green Eyes Common Name: blue false indigo Family: Fabaceae Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: May to June Bloom Description: Indigo blue Tolerate: Rabbit, Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, (There is also a white variety.) Common Name: green eyes Zone: 6 to 8 Height: 1.50 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: June to September rays and maroon center disks Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil 3
Blephilia ciliatra Ohio Horse Mint Boltonia asteroides False Aster Common Name: Ohio horsemint Family: Lamiaceae Height: 1.00 to 2.50 feet Spread: 0.75 to 1.50 feet Bloom Time: May to August Bloom Description: Blue, purple Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil Common Name: false aster Zone: 3 to 10 Height: 5.00 to 6.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: August to September, pink, lilac, purple with yellow centers. Tolerate: Clay Soil Photo credit: fws.gov Camassia scilloides Wild Hyacinth Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Common Name: wild hyacinth Type: Bulb Family: Asparagaceae Height: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Description: Pale blue to white flowers Use: borders, meadows & periphery of ponds Tolerate: Drought, Clay Soil, Black Walnut Common Name: bluebell Family: Campanulaceae Zone: 3 to 6 Height: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Spread: 0.50 to 1.00 feet Bloom Time: June to September Bloom Description: Blue, shaded areas of rock gardens Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Deer Castilleja coccinea Indian Paintbrush Chelone glabra White Turtlehead Common Name: Indian paintbrush Type: biennial perennial Family: Orobanchaceae Height: 0.75 to 1.50 feet Bloom Time: April to July Bloom Description: Orange red Use: naturalizing in native plant gardens, prairies or glades Common Name: white turtlehead Family: Plantaginaceae Spread: 1.50 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: August to October Bloom Description: Cream Sun: Part shade to wet, Rain Garden Tolerate: Erosion, Wet Soil Rose Turtlehead ( Chelone obliqua) is pink. 4
Coreopsis lanceolate Lanceleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis palmate Prairie Coreopsis Common Name: lanceleaf coreopsis Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: May to July Suggested Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Common Name: tickseed Height: 1.50 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: May to July Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Coreopsis tinctoria Plains Coreopsis Coreopsis tripteris Tall Coreopsis Common Name: plains coreopsis Type: Annual Zone: 2 to 11 Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: June to September rays with reddishbrown center disk Suggested Use: Annual Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Common Name: tickseed Height: 2.00 to 8.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 8.00 feet Bloom Time: July to September Bloom Description: Brown disks with yellow rays Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Dalea purpurea Purple Prairie Clover Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Common Name: purple prairie clover Family: Fabaceae Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: Rose/Purple Tolerate: Drought (White Prairie Clover (Dalea candida)) Common Name: pale purple coneflower Zone: 3 to 10 Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Description: Pale purple Suggested Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, 5
Echinacea paradoxa Yellow Coneflower Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Common Name: yellow coneflower Type: Herbaceous perennial Bloom Time: June to August Common Name: purple coneflower Native Range: Eastern North America Height: 2.00 to 5.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: Purplish pink Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Echinacea simulata Glade Coneflower Eupatorium purpureum Joe Pye Weed Common Name: wavy leaf purple coneflower Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Description: Pale pinkish purple Attracts: Birds & Butterflies Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Common Name: Joe Pye weed Height: 4.00 to 6.5 feet Spread: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: July to September Bloom Description: Mauve pink Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Wet Soil Photo credit: snetsingerbutterflygarden.org Glandularia canadensis Rose Verbena Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Common Name: rose verbena Family: Verbenaceae Height: 0.50 to 1.50 feet Bloom Time: May to August Bloom Description: Rose pink to rose purple Suggested Use: Annual, Ground Cover, Naturalize Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Common Name: sneezeweed Height: 3.00 to 5.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: August to October rays and dull yellow center disks to wet Use: Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Wet Soil 6
Helenium flexuosum Purple headed Sneezeweed Helianthus occidentalis Western Sunflower Common Name: purple headed sneezeweed Height: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: August to October rays with brownish purple center disk to wet Suggested Use: Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Common Name: sunflower Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: August to September Bloom Description: Orange yellow rays and yellow disks Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Helianthus salicifolius Willow leaved Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides Ox eye Sunflower Common Name: willow leaved sunflower Height: 8.00 to 10.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: September to October rays and dark brown center disks Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil Common Name: oxeye sunflower Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: Orange yellow rays with brown center disks Use: perennial borders & naturalize Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Heuchera parviflora Littleflower Alumroot Heuchera richardsonii Alumroot, Coral Bells Common Name: littleflower alumroot Family: Saxifragaceae Height: 0.75 to 1.00 feet Spread: 0.75 to 1.00 feet Bloom Time: September to November Bloom Description: pale pink Use: grown in rock gardens, borders, open woodland gardens, rocky slopes or native plant areas. Best planted in groups or massed. Common Name: alum root Family: Saxifragaceae Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Description: Cream Use: edging, rock garden Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Drought 7
Hibiscus laevis (militaris) Halberd leaved rose mallow Hypericum pyramidatum Great St. John s Wort Common Name: rose mallow Common Name: great St. John's wort Family: Malvaceae Family: Hypericaceae Height: 4.00 to 6.00 feet Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: July to October Bloom Time: June to August Bloom description: white or pink to wet Use: Water Plant, Rain Garden Use: borders, slopes Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Iodanthus pinnatifidus Purple Rocket Iris fulva Copper Iris Common Name: purple rocket Family: Brassicaceae Height: 1.5 to 2.5 feet Bloom Time: May to June Bloom Description: Light violet fading to white Sun: Part shade to full shade to wet, Rain Garden Tolerate: Heavy Shade Common Name: copper iris Family: Iridaceae Height: 1.5 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: May Bloom Description: Copper to wet Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Garden, bogs Attracts: Birds Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Wet Soil Iris virginica Southern Blue Flag Liatris aspera Rough Blazing Star Common Name: southern blue flag Family: Iridaceae Height: 2.5 to 3.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: May Bloom Description: Violet blue with yellow and white crested falls to wet Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Garden Attracts: Birds Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Common Name: blazing star Bloom Time: September Bloom Description: Purple, perennial borders Attracts: Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Photo credit: Pleasantrunnursery.com 8
Lilium michiganense Michigan Lily Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Common Name: Michigan lily Common Name: cardinal flower Type: Bulb Family: Liliaceae Family: Campanulaceae Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 2.00 to 5.00 feet Height: 2.00 to 4.50 feet Bloom Time: June or July Bloom Time: August to September Bloom Description: Orange with dark spots Bloom Description: Scarlet red to wet to wet Use: Rain Garden, Rain Garden Tolerate: Wet Soil Tolerate: Rabbit, Deer, Wet Soil Lobelia siphilitica Blue Lobelia Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Common Name: blue cardinal flower Common Name: Virginia bluebells Family: Campanulaceae Family: Boraginaceae Height: 1.5 to 3.00 feet Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: September to October Bloom Time: April and May Bloom Description: Blue Bloom Description: Blue Sun: Part shade to full shade to wet, Rain Garden Use: shady woodland Tolerate: Deer, Heavy Shade, Wet Soil Tolerate: Rabbit, Black Walnut Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower Monarda bradburiana Bee Balm, Horsemint Common Name: Allegheny monkey flower Family: Phrymaceae Spread: 0.75 to 1.00 feet Bloom Time: June to September Bloom Description: Lilac purple to wet Use: Water Plant, Bogs, Rain Garden Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Photo credit: Wildflower.org Common Name: eastern beebalm Family: Lamiaceae Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: May to June Bloom Description: Pink to white with purple Use: Herb, Naturalize, Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil 9
Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine Common Name: wild bergamot Family: Lamiaceae Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: June and July Bloom Description: Pink/lavender Suggested Use: Herb, Naturalize, Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil,, Black Walnut Photo credit: Flickr.com Common Name: wild quinine Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: May to August Use: naturalized, meadow, or prairie Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Penstemon cobaea Purple Beardtongue Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Common Name: dew flower Family: Plantaginaceae Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: May, pink to violet Use: Rock garden, wild garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Common Name: beardtongue Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Plantaginaceae Height: 3.00 to 5.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: April to June, Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil Photo credit: gobotany.newenglandwild.org Penstemon tubaeflorus Prairie Beardtongue Phlox bifida Sand Phlox Common Name: White wand beardtongue Family: Plantaginaceae Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: May to June Use: Native plant gardens, wild gardens Attracts: Hummingbird, Butterflies Tolerate: Deer Photo credit: Dykearboretum.org Common Name: sand phlox Family: Polemoniaceae Height: 0.25 to 0.50 feet Spread: 0.50 to 1.00 feet Bloom Time: March to May Bloom Description: Pale blue to nearly white Use: Ground Cover, Naturalize, Rock garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, 10
Phlox bifida Wild Sweet William Phlox glaberrima Smooth Phlox Common Name: wild sweet William Family: Polemoniaceae Height: 1.00 to 1.25 feet Spread: 0.75 to 1.00 feet Bloom Description: Rose/lavender or violet/blue Sun: Part shade to full shade Use: Ground Cover, Naturalize Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil Common Name: smooth phlox Family: Polemoniaceae Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Description: Reddish purple to pink, some white Tolerate: Deer Phlox paniculata Garden Phlox Common Name: garden phlox Phlox pilosa Downy Phlox Common Name: prairie phlox Family: Polemoniaceae Family: Polemoniaceae Height: 2.50 to 4.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Height: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Bloom Time: July to September Bloom Description: Pink purple to white Bloom Description: Pink Use: perennial border, woodland gardens Attracts: Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Rock gardens Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Black Walnut Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil Polemonium reptans Jacob s Ladder Pontederia cordata Pickerel Weed Common Name: Jacob's ladder Family: Polemoniaceae Height: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Bloom Time: April to June Bloom Description: Blue Sun: shade Suggested, woodland gardens Tolerate: Deer Common Name: pickerel weed Family: Pontederiaceae Zone: 3 to 10 Height: 1.75 to 2.50 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to October Bloom Description: Soft blue Sun: Half to Full sun Water: Wet Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Garden Fruit: Showy, Edible 11
Pycanthemum pilosum Hairy Mountain Mint Pycanthemum fenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Common Name: American mountain mint Family: Lamiaceae Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: July to September Common Name: slender mountain mint Family: Lamiaceae Native Range: Eastern North America Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: July to August Sun: Sun to part shade Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil Suggested, herb garden Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Ratibida columnifera Long headed Coneflower Ratibida pinnata Grey headed Coneflower Common Name: long head coneflower Bloom Time: June to September Bloom Description: Golden edged rusty rays and brown center disks Use: Meadows & Prairies Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil Photo credit: Minnesotaseasons.com Common Name: grey head coneflower Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to July Use: Native plant garden Tolerate: Drought, Clay Soil Photo credit: Minnesotaseasons.com Rudbekia fulgida Showy Coneflower Rudbekia missouriensis Missouri Coneflower Common Name: orange coneflower Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 2.00 to 2.50 feet Spread: 2.00 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: July to September Bloom Description: Orange / yellow, Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil,, Air Pollution Common Name: Missouri coneflower Height: 2.00 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Description: yellow, Rock gardens, Borders Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil 12
Rudbekia subtomentosa Sweet Coneflower Ruellia humilis Hairy Wild Petunia Common Name: sweet coneflower Height: 3.00 to 4.50 feet Bloom Time: August to September rays and brownish purple center disks to medium shade Use: Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil Common Name: wild petunia Family: Acanthaceae Height: 1.00 to 1.25 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to September Bloom Description: Lavender/lilac blue Use: edge of sunny, dry beds Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Salvia azurea Blue Sage Scutellaria incana Downy Skullcap Common Name: blue sage Family: Lamiaceae Height: 3.00 to 5.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: August to September Bloom Description: blue Use: prairies, wild areas Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Common Name: downy skullcap Family: Lamiaceae Height: 2.50 to 3.25 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: August to September Bloom Description: Blue to medium shade Water: average to moist Use: water garden candidate Tolerate: Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil Pakera aureus /obovatus Golden Ragwort/Squaw Weed Senna marilandica Wild Senna Common Name: round leaved ragwort Common Name: wild senna Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Fabaceae Height: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Height: 4.00 to 6.00 feet Spread: 0.50 to 1.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: July to August Sun: Half sun to full shade Sun: Sun to light shade Water: avg. to moist, dry to avg Water: Average to moist Use: Ground Cover, Naturalize, Rain Garden Use: Native plant garden Photo credit: Buyrareseeds.com Tolerate: Clay Soil 13
Silene caroliniana Wild Pink Silene regia Royal Catchfly Common Name: wild pink Family: Caryophyllaceae Height: 2 to 4 inches Spread: 0.75 to 1.00 feet Bloom Description: Pink Sun: Part sun to light shade Use: Rock gardens Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Common Name: royal catchfly Family: Caryophyllaceae Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: Red Use: Woodland gardens Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Silene virginica Fire Pink Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Common Name: fire pink Family: Caryophyllaceae Height: 1.00 to 1.25 feet Spread: 0.75 to 1.50 feet Bloom Description: Red Sun: Sun to medium shade d, Rock gardens Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Common Name: rosinweed Height: 5.00 to 7.50 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: July to August Sun: Half to Full sun Water: Dry to Medium Tolerate: Clay Soil Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Common Name: compass plant Common Name: cup plant Type: Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 5.00 to 9.00 feet Height: 4.00 to 8.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 3.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Time: July to September to Light Shade to wet, Rain Garden Tolerate: Clay Soil, Wet Soil 14
Sisyrinchium campestre Prairie Blue eyed Grass Solidago drummondii Cliff Goldenrod Common Name: prairie blue eyed grass Family: Iridaceae Zone: 2 to 8 Height: 0.75 to 1.00 feet Spread: 0.25 to 0.50 feet Bloom Time: May to June Common Name: goldenrod Height: 1.50 to 2.50 feet Spread: 1.50 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: September to October Bloom Description: Pale blue to white Sun: Sun to medium shade Sun: Half to Full sun Use: Rock gardens, pathway edger Maintenance: Low Use: Native plant garden, Rock garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag Goldenrod Solidago ptarmicoides White Upland Aster Common Name: broad leaf goldenrod Height: 1.50 to 2.50 feet Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: August to October Sun: Light to medium shade Tolerate: Deer, Heavy Shade, Clay Soil Common Name: prairie aster Height: 1.00 to 1.75 feet Bloom Time: July to September with pale yellow centers Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil Spigelia marilandica Indian Pink Thalia dealbata Water Canna Common Name: Indian pink Common Name: thalia Family: Loganiaceae Family: Marantaceae Zone: 6 to 10 Height: 2.00 feet Height: 4.00 to 5.00 feet Spread: 0.50 to 1.50 feet Spread: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Description: Red and yellow Bloom Description: Dark Blue Sun: Part shade to full shade Water: Wet Use: shade garden Use: Annual, Water Plant, Rain Garden Attracts: Hummingbirds Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil 15
Tradescantia ernestiana Woodland Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Common Name: spiderwort Family: Commelinaceae Height: 0.50 to 1.25 feet Bloom Description: Rose red to blue to deep purple Sun: Part shade to full shade to wet, rock gardens, shade gardens Common Name: Ohio spiderwort Family: Commelinaceae Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: May to July Bloom Description: Deep blue Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Verbesina helianthoides Yellow Crownbeard Common Name: American blue vervain Family: Verbenaceae Height: 3.00 to 5.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: June to September Bloom Description: Purplish blue to wet, Rain Garden Tolerate: Wet Soil Photo credit: Cloudheadhollowblogspot.com Common Name: crown beard Height: 3.00 to 4.50 feet Bloom Time: May to September Sun: Sun to Light shade Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, Shallow Rocky Soil Veronia arkansana Curlytop Ironweed Veronicastrum virginicum Culver s Root Common Name: great ironweed Common Name: Culver's root Family: Plantaginaceae Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: purple to pale blue Sun: Sun to Light shade to wet to wet, Cottage garden, wet areas Use: Rain Garden, Cottage garden Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Tolerate: Wet Soil 16
Aesculus pavia Red Buckeye Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry Common Name: serviceberry Common Name: red buckeye Type: Tree Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Rosaceae Family: Sapindaceae Height: 15.00 to 25.00 feet Height: 6.00 to 20.00 feet Spread: 15.00 to 25.00 feet Spread: 12.00 to 15.00 feet Bloom Time: March to May Bloom Time: April to June Bloom Description: Bright red Suggested Use: Flowering Tree Use: Hedge, Flowering Tree, Rain Garden Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Clay Soil Fruit: Showy, Edible Tolerate: Clay Soil, Air Pollution Amorpha canescens Lead Plant Common Name: lead plant Amorpha fruticosa Indigo Bush Common Name: false indigo Type: Deciduous shrub Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Fabaceae Family: Fabaceae Native Range: North America Zone: 2 to 9 Height: 6.00 to 10.00 feet Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 6.00 to 15.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: June Bloom Description: Purple, blue to light shade Suggested Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil and easywildflowers.com Bloom Time: May to June Bloom Description: Purple with orangeyellow anthers to wet Use: Erosion control, wind breaks Tolerate: Wet Soil Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Common Name: black chokeberry Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Rosaceae Height: 6.00 to 8.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Use: Hedge, Naturalize, Rain Garden Fruit: Showy, Edible Asimina triloba PawPaw Common Name: pawpaw Type: Tree Family: Annonaceae Height: 20.00 to 30.00 feet Spread: 15.00 to 30.00 feet Bloom Description: Maroon to wet Use: Rain Garden Flower: Fragrant, Insignificant Fruit: Showy, Edible Tolerate: Wet Soil 17
Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Common Name: New Jersey tea Common Name: buttonbush Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Rhamnaceae Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 5.00 feet Bloom Time: May to July Use: Native plant gardens, shrubby groundcover Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Rubiaceae Height: 6.00 to 10.00 feet Spread: 4.00 to 8.00 feet Bloom Time: June to wet Suggested Use: Rain Garden Fruit: Showy Tolerate: Drought, Dry Soil, Other: Winter Interest Tolerate: Erosion, Wet Soil Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Common Name: eastern redbud Type: Tree Family: Fabaceae Height: 20.00 to 30.00 feet Spread: 25.00 to 35.00 feet Bloom Time: March to April Bloom Description: Pink Use: Street Tree, Flowering Tree, Naturalize Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Black Walnut Common Name: dogwood Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Cornaceae Height: 6.00 to 8.00 feet Spread: 6.00 to 12.00 feet Bloom Time: June ish white to wet Use: Hedge, Rain Garden Flower: Showy Tolerate: Deer, Erosion Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood Crataeaus viridis Green Hawthorn Common Name: green hawthorn Common Name: flowering dogwood Type: Tree Family: Cornaceae Height: 20.00 to 30.00 feet Spread: 15.00 to 30.00 feet Type: Tree Family: Rosaceae Zone: 4 to 7 Height: 25.00 to 35.00 feet Spread: 25.00 to 35.00 feet Bloom Time: May (bracts) Use: Flowering Tree Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Black Walnut Use: Flowering Tree Fruit: Showy Other: Winter Interest, Thorns Tolerate: Drought, Clay Soil, Dry Soil 18
Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Lindera benzoin Spice Bush Common Name: Virginia sweetspire Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Iteaceae Height: 4.00 to 6.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 5.00 feet Bloom Time: May to July to wet Use: Rain Garden Tolerate: Heavy Shade, Erosion, Clay Soil, Wet Soil Common Name: spice bush Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Lauraceae Height: 6.00 to 14.00 feet Spread: 6.00 to 12.00 feet Bloom Time: February to March Bloom Description: Greenish yellow Use: Woodlands, Rain Garden Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Heavy Shade, Clay Soil Physocarpus opulifolium Ninebark Prunus mexicana Mexican Plum Common Name: ninebark Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Rosaceae Zone: 2 to 8 Height: 8.00 to 9.00 feet Spread: 4.00 to 6.00 feet Bloom Time: May to June Bloom: White or pink Use: Hedge Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Photo credit: Missouri Common Name: Mexican plum Type: Tree Family: Rosaceae Zone: 6 to 8 Height: 15.00 to 25.00 feet Spread: 15.00 to 25.00 feet Use: Flowering Tree Fruit: Showy, Edible Photo credit: Flickr.com Viburnum rufidulum Rusty Black Haw Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Common Name: rusty blackhaw viburnum Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Adoxaceae Height: 10.00 to 15.00 feet Spread: 10.00 to 20.00 feet Use: Hedge Photo credit: pixshark.com Common Name: big blue stem Type: Ornamental grass Family: Poaceae Height: 5.00 to 8.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: September to February Bloom Description: Purplish red, native garden, erosion control Leaf: Good Fall Other: Winter Interest Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, Black Walnut, Air Pollution 19
Carex stricta Tussock Sedge Chasmanthium latifolium River Oats, Sea Oats Common Name: tussock sedge Common Name: Indian woodoats Type: Rush or Sedge Type: Ornamental grass Family: Cyperaceae Family: Poaceae Height: 1.25 to 2.00 feet Spread: 1.00 to 2.50 feet Bloom Time: May to June Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Description: Reddish brown Bloom Description: Green to wet to wet Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Garden Suggested Flower: Showy, Good Cut, Good Dried Leaf: Evergreen Other: Winter Interest Tolerate: Deer, Erosion Other: Winter Interest Tolerate: Black Walnut Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye Elymus hystrix Bottlebrush grass Common Name: Canada wild rye Type: Ornamental grass Family: Poaceae Height: 3.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Description: Greenish Flower: Good Cut, Good Dried Common Name: bottlebrush grass Type: Ornamental grass Family: Poaceae Height: 2.50 to 4.00 feet Bloom Time: June to July Bloom Description: Green maturing to brown Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil, Black Walnut, Air Pollution Flower: Showy, Good Cut Attracts: Birds Tolerate: Drought, Heavy Shade, Erosion, Dry Soil, Black Walnut, Air Pollution Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Aristolochia tomentosa Dutchman s Pipevine Common Name: little bluestem Type: Ornamental grass Family: Poaceae Zone: 3 to 9 Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: July to October Bloom Description: Purplish bronze Use: Borders, wild gardens Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Erosion, Dry Soil,, Black Walnut, Air Pollution Common Name: Dutchman's pipe Type: Vine Family: Aristolochiaceae Height: 20.00 to 30.00 feet Spread: 5.00 to 10.00 feet Bloom Time: May to June Bloom Description: Greenish yellow Flower: Showy Use: trellises, arbors, porches, verandas 20
Bignonia capreoluta Cross Vine Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Common Name: cross vine Type: Vine Family: Bignoniaceae Height: 35.00 to 50.00 feet Spread: 6.00 to 9.00 feet Bloom Time: April to June Bloom Description: Orange red Flower: Showy, Fragrant Use: arbors, trellisses Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Heavy Shade Common Name: trumpetcreeper Type: Vine Family: Bignoniaceae Height: 25.00 to 40.00 feet Spread: 5.00 to 10.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: Orange, scarlet Maintenance: High Flower: Showy Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Clay Soil WARNING! THUG ALERT! Lonicera flava Yellow Honeysuckle Lonicera sempiverens Coral Honeysuckle Common Name: honeysuckle Type: Vine Family: Caprifoliaceae Height: 10.00 to 20.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Bloom Description: orange yellow Use: trellis, fence, native plant garden Attracts: Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies Common Name: trumpet honeysuckle Type: Vine Family: Caprifoliaceae Height: 8.00 to 15.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Bloom Time: April to July Bloom Description: Scarlet/orange with yellow inside to part sun Flower: Showy Attracts: Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies Tolerate: Deer, Black Walnut Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Black Walnut Passiflora incarnata Passion Flower Step One: Evaluate Your Site Common Name: purple passionflower Type: Vine Family: Passifloraceae Height: 6.00 to 8.00 feet Spread: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August with purple crown Use: trellis, arbor, wall, or fence Tolerate: Drought Native plants are grouped into a variety of diverse categories: plants that attract birds, hummingbirds, pollinators, or butterflies; plants to grow in rain gardens, on prairies, in glades or forests; plants for shady to full sun areas; and plants to grow in dry, average or soggy wet soils. When you decide to grow natives, determine the right plants for your space. This is a critical first step towards success. (Simply sprinkling around a package of wildflower seeds usually results in a disappointing failure.) You should determine: Sun vs. Shade * Dry vs. Wet * Clay, Loamy, or Sandy Soil (a ph of 5.5 to 7.5 is best for growing wildflowers) 21
Webster County Master Gardener Meeting Marshfield, MO 7/19/2018 Step Two: Site Preparation When incorporating native plants (not seeds) into your existing flower beds, you can skip this step. But when planting seeds, site prep is a must. It is really important when planting seeds to first prepare a seed bed that contains no living vegetation. Initially you should kill off all of the existing non native vegetation by covering the desired area with heavy black plastic for a couple of months and keep that area covered until you are ready to plant. (Or use a couple of applications of herbicide correctly timed to accomplish the same thing if so inclined.) When the time is right, the seeds must make direct contact with the soil so it might be necessary to burn off any thick thatch (dried vegetation) that might remain. And Finally To attract pollinators: plant wildflowers in borders, meadows, shade gardens, cottage gardens, rain gardens, naturalized areas, rocky slopes and open woodland areas. Mass plantings are better for many wildflowers because their foliage may become scruffy after blooming as they go into dormancy. Watch out for thuggish behavior. Many aggressive natives do not stay where they are planted! Attracting Butterflies as Pollinators Include both host plants and nectar plants to attract a wider selection of butterflies (Swallowtails, Fritillaries, Skippers, Brushfooted butterflies, Queen, Emperors, Leafwings, Longwings, Monarchs, etc.) Plant in full sun Plant both nectar source and larval host plants Plant in a pesticide free environment Happy Gardening! Where to find authentic Missouri native seeds and plants: www.hamiltonnativeoutpost.com www.grownative.org www.mowildflowers.net www.missouribotanicalgarden.org www.easywildflowers.com www.greenscapegardens.com 22