Introduction to Geotextiles and the use of Polyester in Geosynthetics, and a brief outline of the Scheme for promotion of usage of Geotextiles in the NER of the Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India Charudatta R. Prayag Deputy Director Ahmedabad Textile Industry s Research Association Ahmedabad
What are geotechnical textiles? Textile products manufactured from natural and man-made fibres, woven and nonwoven, used in geological applications involving rock, soil, or other natural elements in civil engineering projects. Functions Separation Reinforcement Filtration Drainage Protection GEOTECHNICAL TEXTILES Benefits of Geotechnical Textiles: Durability Initial Strength Ecologically Efficient Low Maintenance Customizable Fabric Geotechnical textiles are used globally to address dangers to infrastructure caused by degradation and natural disasters.
BENEFITS OF GEOTECHNICAL TEXTILES Geotechnical textiles are incognito supporters of infrastructure Provide structural stability and safety to the structure Multifunctional elements to improve the serviceability of infrastructure Can help extend the maintenance intervals for infrastructure Service potential of over 120 years in structures Mitigation potential of geotechnical textiles EROSION CONTROL FILTRATION SEPARATION PROTECTION PACKAGING REINFORCEMENT SEALING DRAINAGE
CONCEPT OF USE OF GEOGRID FOR SOIL REINFORCEMENT
CONCEPT OF USE OF GEOGRID FOR SOIL REINFORCEMENT
TYPES OF GEOTECHNICAL TEXTILES AND POLYMERS USED Geosynthetic Type Geotextiles Geogrids/Geocomposites Geonets Geomembranes/Geo Clay Liners Geofoams Geopipes Polymer Used PP, PET, PE, PA PET, PP, HDPE MDPE, HDPE HDPE, LLDPE, PVC, PP EPS HDPE, PVC, PP
TYPES OF GEOTECHNICAL TEXTILES
APPLICATIONS OF GEOTECHNICAL TEXTILES Application Retaining wall Embankment Shallow Foundation Roads-Unpaved Roads-Paved Railway Tracks Filters and Drains Slopes Slope Stabilisation Types of Geosynthetics Geotextiles or Geogrids Geotextiles, Geogrids or Geocomposites Geotextiles, Geogrids, Geocells, Geocomposites Geotextiles, Geogrids Geomembranes, Geocomposites Geotextiles, Geogrids, Geomembranes Geotextiles, Geocomposites Geotextile,Gabions, Geosynthetic mats,meshes Geotextiles, Geogrids Containment Facility Geomembranes, Geosynthetic Clay Liners Tunnels Geomembranes with protective nonwovens
APPLICATION AREAS OF GEOTECHNICAL TEXTILES Road and railways Reinforced slopes and walls Landfills Tunnelling Reservoir Linings
POLYMERS COMMONLY USED IN GEOSYNTHETICS Geotextiles Manufactured from either polyester or polypropylene Polypropylene is lighter than water (SG-0.9), strong and durable. Polypropylene filaments and staple fibers are used in manufacturing woven and nonwoven geotextiles. Polyester is heavier than water, has higher strength and creep properties. Two principal types or structures of geotextile: Wovens and Nonwovens. Other manufacturing techniques, for example knitting and stitch bonding are occasionally used.
PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS COMMONLY USED IN GEOSYNTHETICS POLYMER S.G. M.Pt. C Tensile Strength, MN/m² Modulus of elasticity, MN/m² Strain at Break % PP 0.90-0.91 165 400-600 2000-5000 10-40 PET 1.22-1.38 260 800-1200 12000-18000 8-15 PE 0.91-0.96 130 80-600 200-600 10-80 PVC 1.30-1.50 160 20-50 10 100 50-150 PA 1.05-1.15 220-250 700-900 3000-4000 15-30
RESISTANCE OF POLYMERS COMMONLY USED IN GEOSYNTHETICS Property PP PET PE PA UV light stabilized Medium High Low Medium Chemicals High Low High Medium Heat upto 100 C Medium High Low Medium Hydrolysis High High High High Creep Low High Low Medium
GEOTECHNICAL POLYMERS USED Polymer Resin% Plasticizer % Filler% C-black pigment% Additives % PE 95-98 0 0 2-3 0.25-1 PP 85-98 0 0-13 2-4 0.25-2 PVC 50-70 2.5-3.5 0-10 2-6 2-5 PET 98-99 0 0 0.5-1 0.5-1 PA 98-99 0 0 0.5-1 0.5-1 PS 98-99 0 0 0 1-2
GEOTEXTILES IN NORTH EAST ATIRA CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE -GEOTEXTILES
SCHEME FOR PROMOTING USAGE OF GEOTEXTILES IN NER, OFFICE OF TEXTILE COMMISSIONER, MINISTRY OF TEXTILES, GOVT. OF INDIA The Scheme was launched in March 2015. Aim is to promote usage of Geotechnical Textiles in the North Eastern Region. The Scheme supports the incremental cost, if any, due to use of Geotextiles for following areas: Road Construction, Slope Stabilisation Water Reservoirs Financial Outlay : Rs.427 Crore Duration : 05 Years ( 2014-15 to 2018-19)
SCHEME OBJECTIVES To demonstrate use of Geotechnical textiles as a modern cost-effective technology in the development of infrastructure in fragile geological conditions of NER To promote the use of geotechnical textiles material and create a market for these products in the NER through inducing demand side pull; Stimulate development of technical textile industry in the NER
GEOTECHNICAL TEXTILES APPLICATIONS IN NER Topographic characteristics of NER Floods and heavy rainfall Landslides and sinking zones Road blocks Potential applications of Geotechnical textiles in NER Road construction Slope and hill protection Water reservoir lining
SITE IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH Landslide area Road constructed on both sides. 300 mtr stretch in between to connect these sides is under heavy landslide and no optimal solution is available using conventional solution.
SCHEME IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY 1. Pilot Project identification : by Project Authority 2. Site inspection : by COE 3. DPR-1 of the pilot project : To be prepared by Project Authority based on traditional solution. Cost of DPR to be funded by Project Authority 4. DPR -2 of the pilot project : To be prepared on Geotechnical textiles-based solution by the agency nominated by the Central Government (COE Geotech) with the participation Project Authority Cost of preparation of DPR will be funded by Central government DPR 2 would also include bid specifications for geotechnical textile material for floating tender
ISSUES
PAVEMENT IMPROVEMENT WITH GEOSYNTHETICS Designed by using Nonwoven Geotextiles and Biaxial Geogrids to overcome the above issues. TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF PAVEMENT WITH GEOSYNTHETICS
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES
ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES
RESERVOIR IMPROVEMENT WITH GEOSYNTHETICS Reservoir Lining System Designed by using Non-Woven Geotextiles, and HDPE Geomembranes to overcome the above issues. TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF RESERVOIR LINING WITH GEOSYNTHETICS
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES Improved the reservoir Capacity. Maintain the water in the Reservoir throughout the year. Reduce the seepage through the reservoir base and side slopes. Increased Design Life Reduces Disturbance and Weakening of Original base and side slopes. Increases the stability of slopes and Reservoir
ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES Reduced earthwork quantities Fewer construction layers are needed More simplified and rapid constructions can be established Savings on construction time can be obtained Do not require large construction equipments Do not require special skills for construction except few cases Lower construction costs and reduces the cost of O&M Sustainable consumption: lower carbon footprint. Saving of Natural resources for future generation by avoiding concrete lining. Environmentally friendly solution
COMPLETED ROAD IN IMPHAL, MANIPUR Airport Road of length 2.2 Kms at Manipur has been completed
ATIRA GEOTEXTILE TESTING FACILITY Ahmedabad Textile Industry s Research Association P.O. Ambawadi Vistar, Ahmedabad- 380 015 Phones : 91-79-26307921-22-23, Ext. 346; Fax : 91-79-26304677 email : ttl@atira.in ATIRA North East Region Centre, 19, Bhabani Prasad Barua Road, Narikolbari Guwahati 781024 Phone : (0361) 2970338 email: atira_nerc@atira.in
GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL ANALYSIS: INDEX TESTING Puncture Resistance Wide Width Strength Tear Strength Apparent Opening Size Analyzer Tensile Testing Machine Melt Flow Index Tester Thickness Gauge Water Permeability Perpendicular to the plane of the geosynthetic (without load, falling head) Carbon Black Content Analyser
GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL ANALYSIS: WATER VAPOR PERMEABILITY UNDER LOAD
GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL ANALYSIS UV AND WEATHERING EXPOSURE Global UV 200 Cold Impact Chamber ATLAS Weather-O-meter
Creep Testing GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL ANALYSIS: PERFORMANCE TESTING
Direct Shear Box GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL ANALYSIS: PERFORMANCE TESTING Pull out Tester Testing: Direct Shear Box & Pull out Tester
Performance Test GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL ANALYSIS: PERFORMANCE TESTING