Any County, New York. Custom Soil Resource Report for. Homer Vegetable Research Farm. United States Department of Agriculture

United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm January 01, 2019

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 2

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3

Contents Preface... 2 Soil Map... 5 Soil Map...6 Legend...7 Map Unit Legend... 8 Map Unit Descriptions... 9 Any County, New York...11 DgB Darien gravelly silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes... 11 EbB Erie channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes... 12 EcA Chippewa and Alden soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes... 14 Em Eel silt loam... 16 FdB Fredon silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes... 17 Gn Genesee silt loam... 18 Ha Halsey silt loam... 20 Hc Halsey mucky silt loam...21 HdA Howard gravelly loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes...22 HdC Howard gravelly loam, 5 to 15 percent simple slopes... 24 HpE Howard and Palmyra soils, 25 to 35 percent slopes...25 HsB Hudson silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes...27 HsC3 Hudson silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded... 28 HsD3 Hudson silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded... 30 HwB Hudson and Collamer silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes... 31 Mm Madalin mucky silty clay loam... 33 Mp Muck and Peat...34 PaD Palmyra gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes... 36 PhA Phelps gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes... 37 PhB Phelps gravelly silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes... 39 RkA Rhinebeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes... 40 RkB Rhinebeck silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes... 41 RnC3 Rhinebeck silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded...43 W Water...44 Ws Wayland soils complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded... 44 References...47 4

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 5

Soil Map N Map Scale: 1:11,400 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet. Meters 0 150 300 600 900 Feet 0 500 1000 2000 3000 Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84 6

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:20,000. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Any County, New York Survey Area Data: Version 14, Sep 3, 2018 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 6, 2016 Aug 29, 2012 Nov Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot 7

Map Unit Legend Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI DgB Darien gravelly silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes EbB Erie channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 11.6 2.0% 42.1 7.1% EcA Chippewa and Alden soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes 5.2 0.9% Em Eel silt loam 41.9 7.1% FdB Fredon silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes 2.9 0.5% Gn Genesee silt loam 17.1 2.9% Ha Halsey silt loam 17.9 3.0% Hc Halsey mucky silt loam 2.4 0.4% HdA Howard gravelly loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes HdC Howard gravelly loam, 5 to 15 percent simple slopes HpE Howard and Palmyra soils, 25 to 35 percent slopes HsB Hudson silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes HsC3 Hudson silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded HsD3 Hudson silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded HwB Hudson and Collamer silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes 127.4 21.5% 14.6 2.5% 7.6 1.3% 25.4 4.3% 9.4 1.6% 9.8 1.7% 1.4 0.2% Mm Madalin mucky silty clay loam 12.0 2.0% Mp Muck and Peat 1.1 0.2% PaD Palmyra gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes PhA Phelps gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes PhB Phelps gravelly silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes RkA Rhinebeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes RkB Rhinebeck silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes RnC3 Rhinebeck silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded 8.4 1.4% 30.1 5.1% 8.3 1.4% 55.7 9.4% 61.2 10.3% 0.0 0.0% W Water 11.3 1.9% 8

Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Ws Wayland soils complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded 67.0 11.3% Totals for Area of Interest 591.7 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. 9

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 10

Any County, New York DgB Darien gravelly silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xld Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained Map Unit Composition Darien and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Darien Setting Landform: Drumlinoid ridges, hills, till plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Loamy till derived predominantly from calcareous gray shale Typical profile H1-0 to 9 inches: gravelly silt loam H2-9 to 13 inches: gravelly silt loam H3-13 to 30 inches: gravelly silty clay loam H4-30 to 60 inches: gravelly silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 15 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 7.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Minor Components Erie 11

Rhinebeck Ovid Lyons Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Ilion Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes EbB Erie channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2wn35 Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feet Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 105 to 180 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Erie and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Erie Setting Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Till Typical profile Ap - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loam E - 9 to 13 inches: channery silt loam Bg - 13 to 15 inches: channery silt loam Bx - 15 to 38 inches: channery silt loam C - 38 to 72 inches: channery loam 12

Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 21 inches to fragipan Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low (0.01 to 0.14 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 7 to 14 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Langford Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Drumlinoid ridges, hills, till plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest, side slope, interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Chippewa Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Fremont Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear 13

EcA Chippewa and Alden soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2v32v Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feet Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 105 to 180 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Chippewa and similar soils: 55 percent Alden and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Chippewa Setting Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Loamy till dominated by siltstone, sandstone, and shale fragments Typical profile Ap - 0 to 7 inches: silt loam Eg - 7 to 15 inches: channery silt loam Bxg - 15 to 45 inches: channery silt loam C - 45 to 72 inches: channery silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 8 percent Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to fragipan Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w Hydrologic Soil Group: D 14

Hydric soil rating: Yes Description of Alden Setting Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, side slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: A silty mantle of local deposition overlying loamy till Typical profile H1-0 to 10 inches: mucky silt loam H2-10 to 23 inches: silt loam H3-23 to 36 inches: channery silt loam H4-36 to 60 inches: channery silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Frequent Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.2 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Volusia Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Hills, mountains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Chippewa, very poorly drained Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes 15

Em Eel silt loam Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xll Elevation: 600 to 1,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Eel (teel) and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Eel (teel) Setting Landform: Flood plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Talf Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Silty alluvium Typical profile H1-0 to 10 inches: silt loam H2-10 to 27 inches: fine sandy loam H3-27 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D 16

Minor Components Genesee (hamlin) Tioga Chenango Wayland Landform: Flood plains Hydric soil rating: Yes Middlebury FdB Fredon silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xln Elevation: 250 to 1,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained Map Unit Composition Fredon and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Fredon Setting Landform: Valley trains, terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Loamy over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 15 inches: silt loam H2-15 to 25 inches: gravelly loam 17

H3-25 to 60 inches: gravelly silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 9 to 18 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 3 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Minor Components Phelps Howard Palmyra Halsey Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Lamson Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Gn Genesee silt loam Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xlq Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland 18

Map Unit Composition Genesee and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Genesee Setting Landform: Flood plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Rise Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Silty alluvium Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silt loam H2-12 to 38 inches: very fine sandy loam H3-38 to 60 inches: stratified very gravelly loamy sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 36 to 60 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: High (about 11.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 1 Hydrologic Soil Group: B Minor Components Fredon Eel (teel) Tioga Middlebury Chenango 19

Ha Halsey silt loam Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xlr Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Halsey and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Halsey Setting Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 8 inches: silt loam H2-8 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3-28 to 60 inches: stratified sandy loam to very gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Occasional Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 6.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Hydric soil rating: Yes 20

Minor Components Fredon Phelps Lamson Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Muck and peat Landform: Marshes, swamps Hydric soil rating: Yes Canandaigua Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Hc Halsey mucky silt loam Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xls Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Halsey and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Halsey Setting Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits 21

Typical profile H1-0 to 8 inches: mucky silt loam H2-8 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam H3-28 to 60 inches: stratified very gravelly sand to sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Frequent Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 6.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Lamson Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Canandaigua Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Fredon Phelps Muck and peat Landform: Swamps, marshes Hydric soil rating: Yes HdA Howard gravelly loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xlt 22

Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Howard and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Howard Setting Landform: Valley trains, terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits, containing significant amounts of limestone Typical profile H1-0 to 9 inches: gravelly loam H2-9 to 25 inches: loam H3-25 to 47 inches: gravelly silt loam H4-47 to 60 inches: Error Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2s Hydrologic Soil Group: A Minor Components Fredon Genesee (hamlin) Eel (teel) 23

Phelps Valois HdC Howard gravelly loam, 5 to 15 percent simple slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xlv Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Howard and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Howard Setting Landform: Valley trains, terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits, containing significant amounts of limestone Typical profile H1-0 to 9 inches: gravelly loam H2-9 to 25 inches: loam H3-25 to 47 inches: gravelly silt loam H4-47 to 60 inches: Error Properties and qualities Slope: 5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.8 inches) 24

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Minor Components Phelps Lansing Fredon Genesee (hamlin) Valois HpE Howard and Palmyra soils, 25 to 35 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xm2 Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Howard and similar soils: 40 percent Palmyra and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Howard Setting Landform: Valley trains, terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex 25

Parent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits, containing significant amounts of limestone Typical profile H1-0 to 9 inches: gravelly loam H2-9 to 25 inches: loam H3-25 to 47 inches: gravelly silt loam H4-47 to 60 inches: Error Properties and qualities Slope: 25 to 35 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Description of Palmyra Setting Landform: Terraces, deltas, outwash plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits, derived mainly from limestone and other sedimentary rocks Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: gravelly loam H2-12 to 21 inches: gravelly clay loam H3-21 to 60 inches: stratified extremely gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope: 25 to 35 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e 26

Hydrologic Soil Group: A Minor Components Chenango Valois Langford Mardin Arkport HsB Hudson silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xm6 Elevation: 300 to 1,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Hudson and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hudson Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits 27

Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay loam H2-12 to 36 inches: silty clay loam H3-36 to 60 inches: silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Minor Components Rhinebeck Cayuga Collamer Niagara HsC3 Hudson silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xm7 Elevation: 300 to 1,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland 28

Map Unit Composition Hudson and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hudson Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay loam H2-12 to 36 inches: silty clay loam H3-36 to 60 inches: silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 6 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Minor Components Cayuga Ovid Collamer Rhinebeck 29

HsD3 Hudson silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xm8 Elevation: 300 to 1,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Hudson and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hudson Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay loam H2-12 to 36 inches: silty clay loam H3-36 to 60 inches: silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 12 to 20 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D 30

Minor Components Cayuga Ovid Collamer Rhinebeck HwB Hudson and Collamer silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xmf Elevation: 300 to 1,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Hudson and similar soils: 40 percent Collamer and similar soils: 40 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hudson Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silt loam H2-12 to 36 inches: silty clay loam H3-36 to 60 inches: silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent 31

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Description of Collamer Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Silty and clayey glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 8 inches: silt loam H2-8 to 11 inches: silt loam H3-11 to 27 inches: silt loam H4-27 to 48 inches: stratified very fine sand to silt Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 30 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 8.2 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Minor Components Rhinebeck Niagara 32

Dunkirk Cayuga Mm Madalin mucky silty clay loam Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xng Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Madalin and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Madalin Setting Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 8 inches: mucky silty clay loam H2-8 to 26 inches: silty clay H3-26 to 60 inches: clay Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Frequent Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 8.4 inches) 33

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Ovid Canandaigua Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Muck and peat Landform: Swamps, marshes Hydric soil rating: Yes Rhinebeck Hudson Mp Muck and Peat Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xnk Elevation: 250 to 2,400 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Saprists and similar soils: 40 percent Fibrists and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Saprists Setting Landform: Swamps, marshes Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope 34

Landform position (three-dimensional): Talf Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Organic material Typical profile H1-0 to 72 inches: muck Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to very high (0.20 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Frequent Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 23.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8w Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Description of Fibrists Setting Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Organic material Typical profile H1-0 to 72 inches: peat Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to very high (0.20 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Frequent Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 23.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8w Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D Hydric soil rating: Yes 35

Minor Components Canandaigua Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Fresh water marsh Landform: Marshes Hydric soil rating: Yes Alden Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Sloan Landform: Flood plains Hydric soil rating: Yes Madalin Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes PaD Palmyra gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xnw Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Palmyra and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Palmyra Setting Landform: Deltas, outwash plains, terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex 36

Parent material: Loamy over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits, derived mainly from limestone and other sedimentary rocks Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: gravelly loam H2-12 to 21 inches: gravelly clay loam H3-21 to 60 inches: stratified extremely gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Minor Components Howard Phelps Genesee (hamlin) Eel (teel) Fredon PhA Phelps gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xnx Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches 37

Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Phelps and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Phelps Setting Landform: Valley trains, terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits, containing significant amounts of limestone Typical profile H1-0 to 9 inches: gravelly silt loam H2-9 to 15 inches: gravelly loam H3-15 to 25 inches: silt loam H4-25 to 60 inches: stratified gravelly loam to silt Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 15 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Minor Components Fredon Palmyra Howard 38

Braceville Arkport PhB Phelps gravelly silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xny Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Phelps and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Phelps Setting Landform: Terraces, valley trains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits, containing significant amounts of limestone Typical profile H1-0 to 9 inches: gravelly silt loam H2-9 to 15 inches: gravelly loam H3-15 to 25 inches: silt loam H4-25 to 60 inches: stratified gravelly loam to silt Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: ly well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 15 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches) 39

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Minor Components Howard Palmyra Fredon Arkport Braceville RkA Rhinebeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xp0 Elevation: 80 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained Map Unit Composition Rhinebeck and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Rhinebeck Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear 40

Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silt loam H2-12 to 23 inches: silty clay loam H3-23 to 60 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 8.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Minor Components Ovid Niagara Hudson Madalin Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Canandaigua Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes RkB Rhinebeck silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xp1 41

Elevation: 80 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained Map Unit Composition Rhinebeck and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Rhinebeck Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silt loam H2-12 to 23 inches: silty clay loam H3-23 to 60 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 8.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Minor Components Canandaigua Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Ovid Hudson 42

Niagara Madalin Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes RnC3 Rhinebeck silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9xp2 Elevation: 80 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Rhinebeck and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Rhinebeck Setting Landform: Lake plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Clayey and silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay loam H2-12 to 23 inches: silty clay loam H3-23 to 60 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 6 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent Available water storage in profile: (about 8.5 inches) 43

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Minor Components Ovid Niagara Hudson Madalin Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Canandaigua Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes W Water Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1nc3d Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 160 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Water: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Ws Wayland soils complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2srgv Elevation: 160 to 1,970 feet 44

Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 68 inches Mean annual air temperature: 43 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 105 to 180 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Wayland and similar soils: 60 percent Wayland, very poorly drained, and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Wayland Setting Landform: Flood plains Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Silty and clayey alluvium derived from interbedded sedimentary rock Typical profile A - 0 to 6 inches: silt loam Bg1-6 to 12 inches: silt loam Bg2-12 to 18 inches: silt loam C1-18 to 46 inches: silt loam C2-46 to 72 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to high (0.14 to 14.17 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 12.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Description of Wayland, Very Poorly Drained Setting Landform: Flood plains Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Silty and clayey alluvium derived from interbedded sedimentary rock 45

Typical profile A - 0 to 6 inches: mucky silt loam Bg1-6 to 12 inches: silt loam Bg2-12 to 18 inches: silt loam C1-18 to 46 inches: silt loam C2-46 to 72 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): ly low to high (0.14 to 14.17 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 12.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Wakeville Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flood plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Talf Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear 46

References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 47

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/internet/fse_documents/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf 48

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York (Homer Vegetable Research Farm) N Map Scale: 1:11,400 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet. Meters 0 150 300 600 900 Feet 0 500 1000 2000 3000 Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84 Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 01/01/2019 Page 1 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York (Homer Vegetable Research Farm) MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Area of Interest (AOI) Soil Rating Polygons Soil Rating Lines OM depletion high OM depletion moderately high OM depletion moderate OM depletion moderately low OM depletion low Not rated or not available OM depletion high OM depletion moderately high OM depletion moderate OM depletion moderately low OM depletion low Soil Rating Points Not rated or not available OM depletion high OM depletion moderately high OM depletion moderate OM depletion moderately low OM depletion low Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:20,000. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Any County, New York Survey Area Data: Version 14, Sep 3, 2018 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 6, 2016 Aug 29, 2012 Nov The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 2 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Organic Matter Depletion Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI DgB Darien gravelly silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Darien (75%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.84) Not water gathering surface (0.33) 11.6 2.0% oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.23) EbB Erie channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Erie (80%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.77) Not water gathering surface (0.33) 42.1 7.1% ly aerated (0.30) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.17) Langford (10%) Not water gathering surface (1.00) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.84) ly aerated (0.46) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.17) Chippewa (5%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.85) Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 3 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI ly aerated (0.31) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.17) Fremont (5%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.83) Not water gathering surface (0.33) oxidation rate (0.29) ly aerated (0.28) antecedent organic matter content (0.27) EcA Chippewa and Alden soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Chippewa (55%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.85) ly aerated (0.31) 5.2 0.9% oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.17) Alden (30%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.84) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.17) ly aerated (0.15) Volusia (10%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.94) Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 4 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Not water gathering surface (0.33) oxidation rate (0.29) ly aerated (0.28) moisture deficit (0.17) Em Eel silt loam OM depletion moderate Eel (teel) (75%) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) 41.9 7.1% Not water gathering surface (0.67) ly aerated (0.54) antecedent organic matter content (0.36) oxidation rate (0.29) FdB Fredon silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Fredon (75%) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) 2.9 0.5% antecedent organic matter content (0.36) Not water gathering surface (0.33) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) Gn Genesee silt loam OM depletion moderate Genesee (75%) Well aerated (1.00) 17.1 2.9% Not water gathering surface (1.00) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 5 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI antecedent organic matter content (0.36) oxidation rate (0.29) Ha Halsey silt loam OM depletion moderately low Halsey (75%) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) 17.9 3.0% oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.15) Hc Halsey mucky silt loam OM depletion moderately low Halsey (75%) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) 2.4 0.4% oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.15) HdA Howard gravelly loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes OM depletion moderate Howard (75%) Well aerated (1.00) Not water gathering surface (1.00) 127.4 21.5% Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) antecedent organic matter content (0.36) oxidation rate (0.29) HdC Howard gravelly loam, 5 to 15 percent simple slopes OM depletion moderate Howard (75%) Well aerated (1.00) Not water gathering surface (1.00) 14.6 2.5% Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 6 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) antecedent organic matter content (0.36) oxidation rate (0.29) HpE Howard and Palmyra soils, 25 to 35 percent slopes OM depletion moderate Howard (40%) Well aerated (1.00) Not water gathering surface (1.00) 7.6 1.3% Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) antecedent organic matter content (0.36) oxidation rate (0.29) Palmyra (35%) Well aerated (1.00) Not water gathering surface (1.00) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.84) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) HsB Hudson silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Hudson (80%) Not water gathering surface (0.67) 25.4 4.3% ly aerated (0.51) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.32) oxidation rate (0.29) Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 7 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI antecedent organic matter content (0.27) HsC3 Hudson silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded OM depletion moderately low Hudson (80%) Not water gathering surface (0.67) ly aerated (0.51) 9.4 1.6% Medium amount of clay surface area (0.32) oxidation rate (0.29) antecedent organic matter content (0.27) HsD3 Hudson silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded OM depletion moderately low Hudson (80%) Not water gathering surface (0.67) ly aerated (0.51) 9.8 1.7% Medium amount of clay surface area (0.32) oxidation rate (0.29) antecedent organic matter content (0.27) HwB Hudson and Collamer silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes OM depletion moderate Hudson (40%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.74) Not water gathering surface (0.67) 1.4 0.2% ly aerated (0.51) oxidation rate (0.29) antecedent organic matter content (0.27) Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 8 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Collamer (40%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.88) Not water gathering surface (0.67) antecedent organic matter content (0.36) ly aerated (0.36) oxidation rate (0.29) Mm Madalin mucky silty clay loam OM depletion low Madalin (75%) oxidation rate (0.29) 12.0 2.0% moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.15) Mp Muck and Peat OM depletion moderately low Saprists (40%) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) 1.1 0.2% oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.15) Fibrists (35%) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.15) PaD Palmyra gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes OM depletion moderate Palmyra (75%) Well aerated (1.00) Not water gathering surface (1.00) 8.4 1.4% Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 9 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Medium amount of clay surface area (0.84) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) PhA Phelps gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Phelps (75%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.88) Not water gathering surface (0.67) 30.1 5.1% ly aerated (0.38) oxidation rate (0.29) antecedent organic matter content (0.27) PhB Phelps gravelly silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Phelps (75%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.88) Not water gathering surface (0.67) 8.3 1.4% ly aerated (0.38) oxidation rate (0.29) antecedent organic matter content (0.27) RkA Rhinebeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes OM depletion moderately low Rhinebeck (75%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.74) 55.7 9.4% Not water gathering surface (0.33) oxidation rate (0.29) Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 10 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.25) RkB RnC3 Rhinebeck silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Rhinebeck silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded OM depletion moderately low OM depletion moderately low Rhinebeck (75%) Rhinebeck (75%) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.74) Not water gathering surface (0.33) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.25) Not water gathering surface (0.33) oxidation rate (0.29) moisture deficit (0.26) ly aerated (0.25) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.21) 61.2 10.3% 0.0 0.0% W Water Not rated Water (100%) 11.3 1.9% Ws Wayland soils complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded OM depletion moderately low Wayland (60%) Not water gathering surface (1.00) Medium amount of clay surface area (0.82) oxidation rate (0.29) ly aerated (0.20) moisture deficit (0.17) 67.0 11.3% Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 11 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Component name (percent) Rating reasons (numeric values) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Wakeville (10%) Low amount of clay surface area (1.00) antecedent organic matter content (0.36) Not water gathering surface (0.33) ly aerated (0.31) oxidation rate (0.29) Totals for Area of Interest 591.7 100.0% Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI OM depletion moderately low 349.9 59.1% OM depletion moderate 218.5 36.9% OM depletion low 12.0 2.0% Null or Not Rated 11.3 1.9% Totals for Area of Interest 591.7 100.0% Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 12 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm Description Soil Organic Matter Depletion Soil health is primarily influenced by human management, which is not captured in soil survey data at this time. These interpretations provide information on inherent soil properties that influence our ability to build healthy soils through management. A fertile and healthy soil is the basis for healthy plants, animals, and humans. Soil organic matter is the very foundation for healthy and productive soils. Understanding the role of organic matter in maintaining a healthy soil is essential for developing ecologically sound agricultural practices. Perhaps just as important is identifying areas at greater risk of organic matter depletion. For organic matter to accumulate in soil, the processes that synthesize organic matter generally need to be greater than the processes that destroy organic matter. These processes occur at continental and local scales. Continental-scale factors include the mean annual temperature, which ultimately governs the rates of biological processes, including both the synthesizing and destroying of organic matter. Another continental-scale factor is the amount of water generally available for use by plants and soil microbes. The amount of available water is governed by the amount of rainfall or snowmelt that an area receives in relation to evapotranspiration. This interpretation does not take into account the application of irrigation water. The continental-scale factors are modified by local factors. Oxygen is needed for both the accumulation and destruction of organic matter. It can be excluded from the soil by seasonal saturation, which generally favors the accumulation processes. The antecedent organic matter content is used as an indicator of the level of a soil s vulnerability to loss of organic matter. In general, well aerated soils tend to have higher oxidation rates but may still accumulate organic matter, depending on other factors, such as ground cover, length of time that living roots are present in the soil, and management practices. Clay-sized particles in the soil help protect organic compounds and so tend to favor organic matter accumulation. The shape of the land surface also influences the organic matter content. Water and sediment tend to accumulate in concave areas while material tends to disperse in convex areas. The degree of limitation caused by each of these properties is rated for a soil and the sum of the ratings is the overall rating. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Numerical ratings indicate the propensity of the individual soil properties to influence organic matter degradation. The ratings are shown in decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest ability to enable organic carbon depletion (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature becomes least likely to allow organic matter depletion (0.00). Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils enable the depletion of organic matter. "Organic matter depletion high" indicates that the soil and site have features that are very conducive to the depletion of organic matter. Very careful management will be needed to prevent serious organic matter loss when these soils are farmed. "Organic matter depletion moderately high", "Organic Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 13 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm matter depletion moderate", and "Organic matter depletion moderately low" are a gradient of the level of management needed to avoid organic matter depletion. "Organic matter depletion low" indicates soils that have features that are favorable for organic matter accumulation. These soils allow more management options while still maintaining favorable organic matter levels. The map unit components listed for each map unit in the accompanying Summary by Map Unit table in Web Soil Survey or the Aggregation Report in Soil Data Viewer are determined by the aggregation method chosen. An aggregated rating class is shown for each map unit. The components listed for each map unit are only those that have the same rating class as listed for the map unit. The percent composition of each component in a particular map unit is presented to help the user better understand the percentage of each map unit that has the rating presented. Other components with different ratings may be present in each map unit. The ratings for all components, regardless of the map unit aggregated rating, can be viewed by generating the equivalent report from the Soil Reports tab in Web Soil Survey or from the Soil Data Mart site. Onsite investigation may be needed to validate these interpretations and to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. This interpretation is being provided for review and comment by the user community. Please forward any feedback to the Soils Hotline soilshotline@lin.usda.gov. References Owens, P., E. Winzeler, Z. Libohova, S. Waltman, D. Miller, and B. Waltman. Evaluating U.S. Soil Taxonomy soil climate regimes: Application across scales. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/internet/fse_documents/nrcs142p2_053084.pdf (accessed 1 March 2018). Page-Dumrose, D.S. 1993. Susceptibility of volcanic ash-influenced soils in northern Idaho to mechanical compaction. U.S. Forest Service Intermountain Research Station. Research Note INT-409. Pimentel, D. 2006. Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8:119-137. Schmitt, A., and B. Glaser. 2011. Organic matter dynamics in a temperate forest as influenced by soil frost. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 174(5):754 764. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201100009. Schmidt, M.W.I., M.S. Torn, S. Abiven, T. Dittmar, G. Guggenberger, I.A. Janssens, and S.E. Trumbore. 2011. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. Nature 478:49-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10386. Soil Survey Staff. 2014. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th edition. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC. https:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/class/taxonomy/? cid=nrcs142p2_053580. Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 14 of 15

Organic Matter Depletion Any County, New York Homer Vegetable Research Farm U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 1997. Predicting soil erosion by water: A guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Agriculture Handbook 703. https:// www.ars.usda.gov/arsuserfiles/64080530/rusle/ah_703.pdf. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National Soil Survey Handbook, Title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ref/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 (accessed 1 March 2018). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/internet/fse_documents/ nrcs142p2_052290.pdf (accessed 1 March 2018). Zhanyu, Z., L. Sheng, J. Yang, X.-A. Chen, L. Kong, and B. Wagan. 2015. Effects of land use and slope gradient on soil erosion in a red soil hilly watershed of southern China. Sustainability 7(10):14309-14325; doi:10.3390/su71014309. Rating Options Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 1/11/2019 Page 15 of 15

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075370 N7 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Element lbs/acre Very Low Low Optimum High Very High Phosphorus (P) 33 Potassium (K) 188 Calcium (Ca) 3,332 Magnesium (Mg) 319 : Element Value Element Value Element Soil ph 6.9 Manganese (Mn), lbs/acre 33 %OM Buffer ph 6.4 Zinc (Zn), lbs/acre 17 Iron (Fe), lbs/acre 2 Aluminum (Al), lbs/acre 34 - Value 4.2 Crop History (1 = last year, etc.) Sample Information Summary Year Crop 3 Squash-Winter 2 Clover Seeding Clover-Grass Maintenance Soil Name: Howard Tillage Depth: 7 9 Inches Drainage: Not Specified % Legume: 1 %- 25% Legume Crop Code: MIX Type: Maintenance Soil Fertilizer Recommendations (1=current yr, 2=next yr, etc.) tons/ acre lbs/ acre Year Crop Lime N Range P2O5 Range K2O 1 Mixed Vegetables 2 Sorghum-Sudan Hybrid 0.00 0.00 120-140 70 90 40 20 40.00 0.00 Comments - Improve yield and plant quality as well as protect the environment with proper fertilization. Modified Morgan analysis results reported in pounds per acre. For assistance interpreting your report, contact your local Cooperative Extension office at 607-272-2292 or http://cce.cornell.edu/pages/default.aspx for a complete list of Cornell Cooperative Extension offices. Nutrient recommendations provided by Cornell University. These are general comments. Always consult with your crop adviser for recommendations specific to your farm. Yr1 Do not exceed 80 100 lbs/acre of N + K2O in the fertilizer band. If more K2O is required, plowdown or broadcast before planting. Yr1 Less sidedressed N will be required if legumes or manure have been incorporated prior to planting. Yr1 K2O fertilizer recommendation above appropriate for coarse or moderately coarse soils normally used in vegetable crop production. Yr1 Apply 100 lbs/acre of N at or near planting time. Page 1 of 2 Visit h tp://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agroone for interpretive infonmation. 4M

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com (I) Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075370 N7 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Yr1 Broadcast 50% and apply the remainder in bands when setting plants. Yr1 Seeding: the fertilizer band should be 2 inches below the seed and 2 inches to the side of the row. Yr1 Sidedress 30-40 lbs/acre of N 3 to 4 weeks after thinning or setting the plants. Yr1 Additional sidedressed N should not be required unless there was leaching from heavy rains. Yr2 Band most if not all P2O5 at planting. Yr2 Do not exceed 80-100 lbs/acre of N + K2O in the fertilizer band. If more K2O is required, plowdown or broadcast before planting. Page 2 of 2 Visit http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agro0ne for interpretive information. 4M

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com Cornell Univcrsitv College of Agricttlture and Life Sciences Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075480 TUNNEL 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Element lbs/acre Very Low Low Optimum High Very High Phosphorus (P) 164 Potassium (K) 464 Calcium (Ca) 3,754 Magnesium (Mg) 445, Element Value Element Value Element Soil ph 7.2 Manganese (Mn), lbs/acre 38 Aluminum (Al), lbs/acre Iron (Fe), lbs/acre 4 Zinc (Zn), lbs/acre 12 %OM Value 28 5.0 Crop History (1 = last year, etc.) Sample Information Summary Year Crop Soil Name: Howard Crop Code: GRE 3 Beans-Snap Tillage Depth: 7-9 Inches Type: Maintenance 2 Peppers Drainage: Not Specified 1 Peppers % Legume: 100% Non-legume Soil Fertilizer Recommendations (1=current yr, 2=next yr, etc.) tons/ acre lbs I acre Year Crop Lime N Range P2O5 Range 1 Grasses Seeding 0.00 30-50 0 2 Tomatoes-All Others 0.00 130 20 K2O 0.00 0.00 Comments - Improve yield and plant quality as well as protect the environment with proper fertilization. Modified Morgan analysis results reported in pounds per acre. For assistance interpreting your report, contact your local Cooperative Extension office at 607-272-2292 or http://cce.comell.edu/pages/default.aspx for a complete list of Cornell Cooperative Extension offices. Nutrient recommendations provided by Cornell University. These are general comments. Always consult with your crop adviser for recommendations specific to your farm. Yr1 Band most if not all P2O5 at planting. Yr2 Plow down and incorporate 40 lbs/acre of N plus 1/2 the P2O5 and K2O. Yr2 Band an additional 40 lbs/acre of N plus the remaining P2O5 and K2O. Yr2 Transplants: bands should be 4 inches deep and 3 to 4 inches from the row. Page 1 of 2 Visit http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agro0ne for interpretive information. 4M

- Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com Cornell Univcn;ity College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075480 TUNNEL 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Yr2 Seeding: the fertilizer band should be 2 inches below the seed and 2 inches to the side of the row. Yr2 An additional 50 lbs/acre of N is recommended about the time the first clusters set fruit. Yr2 Manure or plowed sod can substitute for the sidedressing. Yr2 After heavy rains on coarse soils, additional sidedressing may be needed. Yr2 The use of a plastic mulch will decrease leaching loss of N. Yr2 Do not exceed 100 lbs/acre of N+K2O in the fertilizer band. If additional K2O is needed plow down or broadcast prior to planting. Yr2 Plow down sod or cover crop will provide 82.50 lbs/acre of N. Reduce sidedress N applications appropriately. Yr2 High soil P response to P unlikely in warm soil. Crops seeded or transplanted into cooler soils may respond to banded or starter P. Yr2 K2O fertili er recommendation above appropriate for coarse or moderately coarse soils normally used in vegetable crop production. Yr2 Transplants: zinc sulfate recommended in transplant water (0.2%). Page 2 of 2 Visit http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agro0ne for interpretive information. 4M

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One - - "'- Cornell University 730 Warren Road College of Agriculture Ithaca, NY 14850 and Life Sciences Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075520 S13 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Element lbs/acre* Very Low Low Optimum High Very High Phosphorus (P) 14 Potassium (K) 75 Calcium (Ca) 4,163 Magnesium (Mg) 433 Element Value Element Value Element Soil ph 6.2 Manganese (Mn), lbs/acre 48 %OM Buffer ph 6.3 Zinc (Zn), lbs/acre 5 Iron (Fe), lbs/acre 4 Aluminum (Al), lbs/acre 20 Value 5.2 Crop History (1 = last year, etc.) Year Crop ------------------- 3 Rye-Seed Production 2 Clover Seeding Clover Maintenance Sample Information Summary Soil Name: Eel Crop Code: RYC Tillage Depth: 7-9 Inches Type: Maintenance Drainage: Not Specified % Legume: 50% -100% Legume Soil Fertilizer Recommendations (1=current yr, 2=next yr, etc.) tons/ acre lbs/ acre Year Crop Lime N Range P205 Range K2O 1 Rye-Cover Crop 2 Mixed Vegetables 0.00 0.00 10-20 120-140 0 40 0.00 130.00 Comments - Improve yield and plant quality as well as protect the environment with proper fertilization. Modified Morgan analysis results reported in pounds per acre. For assistance interpreting your report, contact your local Cooperative Extension office at 607-272-2292 or http://cce.cornell.edu/pages/default.aspx for a complete list of Cornell Cooperative Extension offices. Nutrient recommendations provided by Cornell University. These are general comments. Always consult with your crop adviser for recommendations specific to your farm. Yr1 Band most if not all P2O5 at planting. Yr2 Do not exceed 80-100 lbs/acre of N + K2O in the fertilizer band. If more K2O is required, plowdown or broadcast before planting. Yr2 Plow down sod or cover crop will provide 36.00 lbs/acre of N. Reduce sidedress N applications appropriately. Yr2 K2O fertilizer recommendation above appropriate for coarse or moderately coarse soils normally used in vegetable crop production. Page 1 of 2 Visit http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agroone for interpretive information. 4M

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com I Cornell Unh ersitv College of Agricl.tlture and Life Sciences Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075520 S13 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Yr2 Your soil appears to be fine textured. For these soils the K2O fertilizer recommendation can be adjusted 20% downward. Yr2 Apply 100 lbs/acre of N at or near planting time. Yr2 Broadcast 50% and apply the remainder in bands when setting plants. Yr2 Seeding: the fertilizer band should be 2 inches below the seed and 2 inches to the side of the row. Yr2 Sidedress 30-40 lbs/acre of N 3 to 4 weeks after thinning or setting the plants. Yr2 Additional sidedressed N should not be required unless there was leaching from heavy rains. Page 2 of 2 Visit http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agro0ne for interpretive information. 4M

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Agro-One Agronomy Services Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075770 ORG13 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Element lbs/acre* Very Low Low Optimum High Very High Phosphorus (P) 14 Potassium (K) 160 Calcium (Ca) 3,266 Magnesium (Mg) 372 Element Value Element Value Element Soil ph 6.1 Manganese (Mn), lbs/acre 36 %OM Buffer ph 6.2 Zinc (Zn), lbs/acre 15 Iron (Fe), lbs/acre 2 Aluminum (Al), lbs/acre 39 Value 5.0 Crop History (1 = last year, etc.) Year Crop 3 Rye-Seed Production 2 Squash-Summer 1 Oats Sample Information Summary Soil Name: Halsey Crop Code: BET Tillage Depth: 7-9 Inches Type: Maintenance Drainage: Not Specified % Legume: 100% Non-legume Soil Fertilizer Recommendations (1=current yr, 2=next yr, etc.) tons I acre lbs / acre Year Crop Lime N Range P205 Range K20 Beets 1.00 150-175 50 200.00 Comments - Improve yield and plant quality as well as protect the environment with proper fertilization. Modified Morgan analysis results reported in pounds per acre. For assistance interpreting your report, contact your local Cooperative Extension office at 607-272-2292 or http://cce.cornell.edu/pages/default.aspx for a complete list of Cornell Cooperative Extension offices. Nutrient recommendations provided by Cornell University. These are general comments. Always consult with your crop adviser for recommendations specific to your farm. Yr1 Yr1 Yr1 Yr1 Two sidedressings each of about 50 lbs/acre N are desireable 4 and 6 weeks after planting. The remaining N should be applied in a band at planting and as a broadcast preplant application. Do not exceed 100 lbs/acre of N+K2 O in the fertilizer band. If additional 1<20 is needed plow down or broadcast prior to planting. Seeding: the fertilizer band should be 2 inches below the seed and 2 inches to the side of the row. Page 1 of2 Visit http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agroone for interpretive information. 4M

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com I Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075770 ORG 13 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Yr1 The second sidressing can be reduced or eliminated if a legume sod was plowed down, or manure applied. Yr1 If high rates of K2O are needed, plow down at least 50%. Yr1 Band a high proportion of the P2O5 to produce vigorus seedlings. Yr1 If N deficiency is likely because of leaching or water-logged soil, sidedress 30 to 50 lbs/acre of additional N. Yr1 Apply 2.5 to 5 lbs/acre of B over the row at planting when both crop nutrition an weed control are desired. Yr1 If only nutrional needs are important, the same quantity of B may be mixed in the fertilizer. Yr1 Use the lower rate of B where this nutrient has been applied 2 or 3 times in the previous 5 years. Yr1 When over the row applications are made, severe stunting may occur on soils below ph 6 or 3% organic matter. Yr1 Even lower rates (1 lb/acre of B) might be applied to fields with a long history of B application. Yr1 Caution: beans, peas, and cucurbits are especially sensitive to boron residues. Yr1 Lime rate is for 100% ENV. To calculate actual rate: rate to use= recommended rate/env (of lime source) x 100. Yr1 K2O fertilizer recommendation above appropriate for coarse or moderately coarse soils normally used in vegetable crop production. Page 2 of 2 Visit http://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agro0ne for interpretive information. 4M

Agro-One Soil Analysis with Cornell Nutrient Guidelines Also sent to: Agro-One 730 Warren Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: (800) 344-2697 Fax: (607) 257-1350 www.dairyone.com Cornell Univcrsitv College of Agriculture and Ll fe Sciences Lab Sample ID: Field/Location: Date Sampled: Date Tested: Statement ID: Description: County: 73075830 ORG20 11/27/2018 CU HOMER VEG RES FARM Any V Element lbs/acre Very Low Low Optimum High Very High Phosphorus (P) 13 Potassium (K) 105 Calcium (Ca) 4,380 Magnesium (Mg) 364 Element Value Element Value Element Soil ph 6.5 Manganese (Mn), lbs/acre 32 %OM Buffer ph 6.3 Zinc (Zn), lbs/acre 55 Iron (Fe), lbs/acre 3 Aluminum (Al), lbs/acre 43 Value 4.9 Crop History (1 = last year, etc.) Year Crop ------------------- 3 Oats 2 Squash-Winter Sorghum-Sudan Hybrid Sample Information Summary Soil Name: Rhinebeck Crop Code: MIX Tillage Depth: 7-9 Inches Type: Maintenance Drainage: Not Specified % Legume: 100% Non-legume Soil Fertilizer Recommendations (1 =current yr, 2=next yr, etc.) tons/ acre lbs/ acre Year Crop Lime N Range P2O5 Range K2O Mixed Vegetables 0.00 120-140 40 80.00 Comments - Improve yield and plant quality as well as protect the environment with proper fertilization. Modified Morgan analysis results reported in pounds per acre. For assistance interpreting your report, contact your local Cooperative Extension office at 607-272-2292 or http://cce.cornell.edu/pages/default.aspx for a complete list of Cornell Cooperative Extension offices. Nutrient recommendations provided by Cornell University. These are general comments. Always consult with your crop adviser for recommendations specific to your farm. Yr1 Do not exceed 80. 100 lbs/acre of N + 1<20 in the fertilizer band. If more 1<20 is required, plowdown or broadcast before planting. Yr1 K2O fertilizer recommendation above appropriate for coarse or moderately coarse soils normally used in vegetable crop production. Yr1 Your soil appears to be fine textured. For these soils the K20 fertilizer recommendation can be adjusted 20% downward. Yr1 Apply 100 lbs/acre of Nat or near planting time. Page 1 of 2 Visit http://cnal.cals.comell.edu/links/index.html or www.dairyone.com/agro0ne for interpretive information. 4M