MD 15128 and Its Impact on Lab Facilities RPIC / SLCan Sustainable Laboratories Regional Workshop September 5, 2013 Timothy Ma, P. Eng., M. Eng., PMP Senior Mechanical Engineer Mechanical and Laboratory Engineering Advisory and Practices (Professional Services) PTSM/HQ, Real Property Branch
Professional & Technical Service Management (PTSM) National Centre of Expertise (NCOE) for Architectural and Engineering Services Provide technical direction, advisory and support to: All 6 regions in PWGSC Other government departments and agencies Consultants Topics 2
Technical Standards and Guidelines MD 15000 Environmental Standard MD 15126 Laboratory HVAC MD 15129 Perchloric Hoods MD 15161 Control of Legionella in Mechanical Systems ED 16200 - Elevators Commissioning Procedures and Manuals Lightings and Controls Standard Topics 3
TOPICS 1. Background 2. What is in? 3. Intent of MD 15128 4. MD 15128 and ASHRAE 110 5. Other Relevant Fume Hood Testing Standards Topics 4
What is a fume hood? It is a ventilated, partially enclosed work space designed to accomplish the following: Capture, contain, and exhaust all contaminants generated within the enclosure. Background Prevent the spread of contaminants outside the fume hood to the laboratory user and other laboratory personnel. 5
Bypass Fumehood The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. Background 6
Why test fume hoods? 1. Fume hood performance to contain contaminants is directly related to the health and safety of lab workers. 2. Performance can change/deteriorate over time. Background 3. Testing is required to ensure compliance with Canada Labour Code Part II Occupational Health and Safety. 7
Treasury Board Directive TB 5-1 Safety Guide for Laboratory Operations Prior to 2004, all federal departments were required to follow TB 5-1 Safety Guide for Laboratory Operations. Types of fume hood tests: 1. Face velocity 2. Exhaust air volume 3. Fan performance 4. Smoke test Frequency of fume hood tests New installations Annually after installation Background 8
Treasury Board Directive TB 5-1 Safety Guide for Laboratory Operations In 2004, TB acknowledged that TB 5-1 was not current and would not be updated. TB encouraged individual departments to establish their own performance criteria and testing procedures. Background TB 5-1 has been archived since 2005 and is no longer applicable. 9
Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat Background 10
PWGSC Mechanical Design Guidelines MD 15128 - Laboratory Fume Hoods In January 2004, PWGSC published MD15128 2004 Minimum Guidelines for Laboratory Fume Hoods. MD 15128 was an effort by PWGSC to update guidelines on the performance criteria for fume hoods. PWGSC endorsed and promoted MD 15128 for all federal departments. Background In June 2008, PWGSC published MD 15128 2008 Laboratory Fume Hoods. In April 2013, PWGSC published Laboratory Fume Hoods. 11
Laboratory Fume Hoods Guidelines MD 15128-2013 I2SL website http://www.i2sl.org/elibrary/documents/ fumehoods2013.pdf GCPedia website English http://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/gcwiki/ index.php?title=engineering and technical services&setlang=en&uselang=e French http://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/gcwiki/index.php? title=génie mécanique et électrique&setlang=fr&uselang=fr 12 Background
What is in MD15128 2013? Update of MD 15128 2008 Test procedures updated/improved due to new fume hoods and technologies becoming available in the market Update based on 4- to 5-year update cycle Tests aligned with ASHRAE 110P Addenda A and B of MD 15128 2008 incorporated into Six chapters and four appendices 13
Contents Chapter 1: General Chapter 2: Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods Chapter 3: Laboratory Fume Hood Design Elements Chapter 4: Fume Hoods and Laboratory Layout Chapter 5: Fume Hood Tests Integral with Commissioning Efforts Chapter 6: Fume Hood Performance and Testing Requirements 14
Contents Appendix A: Smoke Visualization Test Protocol Appendix B: Use and Maintenance of Laboratory Fume Hoods Appendix C: On-Site Test Forms Appendix D: Fume Hood Operation, Controls, and Alarms 15
Chapter 1: General Responsibility for Laboratory Safety The laboratory director is responsible for lab users health and safety. New fume hood installations must meet MD 15128. Changes in the use of fume hoods must be approved by the laboratory director. Safety directives must be developed and training provided. Regular O&M review and reporting are required. 16
Chapter 2: Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods Descriptions of Different Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods Constant air volume bypass Variable air volume High performance Floor-mounted Perchloric acid Radioisotope Auxiliary air Ductless 17
Chapter 3: Laboratory Fume Hood Design Elements Descriptions of Design Elements of Different Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods Constant air volume bypass, variable air volume, high performance Accessories Laboratory services electrical, plumbing, fixtures, etc. Integrate with lab HVAC and exhaust systems Operating modes occupied and unoccupied, in-use and not inuse Operations, controls and alarms 18
Chapter 4: Fume Hoods and Laboratory Layout Fume Hood Locations in areas of minimum turbulence 2.4 m away from laboratory entrance sidewall 300 mm away from any wall 1.5 m spacing when facing each other 1.5 m away from opposite wall 1 m away from nearest furniture 19
Chapter 4: Fume Hoods and Laboratory Layout Supply Air Diffuser Locations (Good, Better, Best) Diffuser Zone 1 Diffuser Zone 2 FT 6 1. 5 m 45 Diffuser Zone 1 Diffuser Zone 2 Diffuser Zone 3 20
Chapter 5: Fume Hood Tests Integral With Commissioning Efforts Fume hoods must function together with lab supply air, exhaust air, and lab static pressure settings. Many subcontractors are needed to be involved in the commissioning of a laboratory: General contractor Fume hood manufacturer representative Test, adjustment, and balance (TAB) subcontractor Building Automation System (BAS) controls subcontractor Fume hood testing agent 21
Chapter 5: Fume Hood Tests Integral With Commissioning Efforts Table 5-1 identifies tasks and responsibilities in the following applications: purchase, and manufacturer s tests installation new fume hoods on site tests new fume hoods annual tests existing fume hoods 22
Chapter 6: Fume Hood Performance and Testing Requirements Recommended Qualifications of Testing Agent 1. Minimum 3 years experience in fume hood testing 2. HVAC Systems and Laboratory Design course 3. ASHRAE 110 Testing Workshop or Fume Hood Testing Seminar for Certified Professionals 4. Full cognizance of MD 15128 23
Recommended Performance Criteria for Cross Draft Tests Table 6-1: Cross Draft Tests Cross drafts measured 1.5 m above floor level and 0.5 m from hood; test with sash at normal operating position. As Manufactured Challenge fume hood performance: During all tests in Tables 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, and 6-5, create a single 0.25 m/s cross draft, directed horizontally, 45 degrees incident to the plane of the sash. On Site (As Installed/As Used) New fume hoods in new/refitted lab: Average value less than or equal to 0.15 m/s Existing fume hoods: Average value less than 0.25 m/s 24
Figure 6-1: Cross Draft Testing 25
Recommended Performance Criteria for Velocity and Flow Tests Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - CAV Bypass Fume Hoods Face velocity: At design sash position Average of all readings Variation allowed for individual readings As Manufactured On Site (As Installed/As Used) 0.5 m/s ± 0.01 m/s 0.5 m/s ± 0.02 m/s ± 20% of average ± 20% of average Bypass effectiveness Ave. face vel. at 150 mm sash opening < 1.25 m/s < 1.25 m/s 26
Recommended Performance Criteria for Velocity and Flow Tests Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - High Performance Fume Hoods As Manufactured On Site (As Installed/As Used) Face velocity Average 0.3 m/s ± 0.01 m/s 0.35 m/s ± 0.02 m/s Variation allowed for individual readings ± 0.05 m/s No reading less than 0.25 m/s 27
Recommended Performance Criteria for Velocity and Flow Tests Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - VAV Fume Hoods (continue on next page) Face velocity: At design sash position As Manufactured On Site (As Installed/As Used) Average 0.5 m/s ± 0.01 m/s 0.5 m/s ± 0.02 m/s Variation allowed for individual readings ± 20% of average ± 20% of average Face velocity: Sash at 66% and 33% of design sash position Average 0.5 m/s ± 0.05 m/s 0.5 m/s ± 0.05 m/s Variation allowed for individual readings ± 20% of average ± 20% of average 28
Recommended Performance Criteria for Velocity and Flow Tests Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - VAV Fume Hoods (continued) Flow response VAV speed of response: time to reach 90% of the average steady-state value VAV time to steady state: return to ± 10% of avg. face velocity or flow As Manufactured Within 3 seconds of initial sash movement Within 5 seconds of initial sash movement On Site (As Installed/As Used) Within 3 seconds of initial sash movement Within 5 seconds of initial sash movement Minimum flow per ANSI Z9.5 Sash lowered completely Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour 29
Recommended Performance Criteria for Velocity and Flow Tests Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - VAV Fume Hoods (continued) Flow response VAV speed of response: time to reach 90% of the average steady-state value VAV time to steady state: return to ± 10% of avg. face velocity or flow As Manufactured Within 3 seconds of initial sash movement Within 5 seconds of initial sash movement On Site (As Installed/As Used) Within 3 seconds of initial sash movement Within 5 seconds of initial sash movement Minimum flow per ANSI Z9.5 Sash lowered completely Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour 30
Table 6-3: Smoke Visualization Performance Criteria Rating Initial Observation Final Observation Pass High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is not observed within 150 mm of sash plane. The hood receives a High Pass rating. Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed within 150 mm of sash plane, but is not observed outside the plane of the sash. Fail Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed as an intermittent escape outside the plane of the sash. This occurrence automatically is assigned a Low Fail rating and requires two additional tests be conducted at this location to confirm escape. The hood receives a Low Pass rating. If the observations during the 2nd or 3rd tests indicate repeated escape beyond the plane of the sash, the rating of Low Fail remains. If there is no indication of repeated escape, the test receives a Low Pass rating. High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed continuously escaping outside the plane of the sash, or intermittently beyond the plane of the sash and into the room. The hood receives a High Fail rating. 31
Table 6-3: Smoke Visualization Performance Criteria Rating Initial Observation Final Observation Pass High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is not observed within 150 mm of sash plane. The hood receives a High Pass rating. Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed within 150 mm of sash plane, but is not observed outside the plane of the sash. Fail Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed as an intermittent escape outside the plane of the sash. This occurrence automatically is assigned a Low Fail rating and requires two additional tests be conducted at this location to confirm escape. The hood receives a Low Pass rating. If the observations during the 2nd or 3rd tests indicate repeated escape beyond the plane of the sash, the rating of Low Fail remains. If there is no indication of repeated escape, the test receives a Low Pass rating. High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed continuously escaping outside the plane of the sash, or intermittently beyond the plane of the sash and into the room. The hood receives a High Fail rating. 32
Smoke Generator equipped with an analog controller that can control the volume of smoke generation, and the time interval between smoke generation cycles. The smoke fluid consumption rates are controllable between 1 ml/min and 10 ml/min (high volume challenge). 33
Smoke Diffuser a self supporting device that can be placed in the hood diffusion exit velocities < 0.127 m/s (25 fpm) delivering smoke at a rate of up to 4.4 l/ s (8-9 cfm) The vertical height is longer than the design operating sash height, minimum 76.2 cm (30 inches) Final Smoke Diffusion Primary Smoke Diffusion Outside diameter is 11.4 cm (4.5 inches) 34
Smoke Generator and Diffuser Set-up Smoke Diffuser Smoke Transfer Hose Smoke Generator and Transfer Fan Air Flow 35
Tracer Gas Tests Table 6-4: Tracer Gas Tests (continue on next page) Tracer gas static sash position Design sash position Sash fully open As Manufactured Ave. < 0.025 ppm Peak < 0.100 ppm Ave. < 0.05 ppm Peak < 0.25 ppm On Site (As Installed/As Used) Ave. < 0.05 ppm Peak < 0.25 ppm On a project-specific basis, designers to determine the need for fully open sash testing (not for CAV hoods) 36
Tracer Gas Tests Table 6-4: Tracer Gas Tests (continued) Peripheral scan, design sash position Record all detectable concentrations and their locations; record 30-second rolling averages As Manufactured Include in test report. Seek approval from project authority On Site (As Installed/As Used) Include in test report. Seek approval from project authority Sash movement effect Maximum 45-second rolling average < 0.05 ppm < 0.05 ppm 37
Table 6-5: Additional Required Tests Simulated experimental apparatus placed inside fume hood, with all velocity, visualization and tracer gas tests repeated On site, as used condition Fume hood monitor and alarm Accurate within 5% of average face velocity or flow Alarm response within 10 seconds Hood static pressure At design sash position and 0.5 m/s face velocity < 62 Pa Noise level At working position in front of fume hood < 70 dba 38
Table 6-7: Fume Hood Test Frequency Annual tests Cross drafts Face velocity CAV bypass effectiveness VAV flow response VAV minimum flow Smoke visualization VAV response and stability Fume hood monitor and alarm Static pressure Noise level Calibration of sensors connected to BAS 39
Table 6-7: Fume Hood Test Frequency Every five years Tracer gas static sash position Tracer gas peripheral scan Tracer gas sash movement effect 20% of hoods can be tested every year, instead of 100% every 5 years 40
Summary of Updates in MD15128 2013 Clarification of lab director s role Preferred air supply diffuser locations Responsibility matrix: fume hood purchase, installation, and testing Smoke visualization test with modified fog generator and diffuser Peripheral scan tracer gas test More detailed test procedures Digital collection of data 41
Is MD 15128 more stringent than ASHRAE 110? ASHRAE 110 Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods provides testing procedures only. MD 15128 provides performance criteria for each procedure. The two documents complement each other. E.g., Face Velocity Test: ASHRAE 110 specifies how to do the test. MD 15128 specifies the acceptable performance at 0.5 m/s at the design sash position. Intent of 42
Do departments other than PWGSC have to follow MD 15128? No. TB encouraged individual departments to establish their own performance criteria and testing procedures. PWGSC highly recommends OGDs to adopt MD 15128: It is the only document of its kind in the Government of Canada. It is widely recognized in the fume hood industry. PWGSC has extensive expertise in this area. Intent of 43
Can a fume hood tester declare that a fume hood fails and is not to be used? No. Only the laboratory director has the authority to declare that a fume hood fails and is not to be used. The fume hood tester should only provide test results, stating the MD 15128 criteria that were not met. Reason: Only the lab director understands the risks of the contaminants. Intent of 44
Clarification of the Intent of MD 15128 MD 15128 criteria will increase our costs, not only in testing, but also in fixing laboratory HVAC systems, and we cannot afford it. It is related to the health and safety of lab workers health. MD 15128 provides the tools for the lab director to ensure compliance with CLC Part II. Intent of 45
Comparing MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 The following tables compare the information given in the two documents for the different types of tests: TESTS ASHRAE 110 1995 Conditions Cross Drafts As Manufactured As Installed As Used (project specific) Detailed test method Performance criteria As Manufactured As Installed As Used (project specific) Notes only No test method No performance criteria MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 46
Comparing MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 Smoke Visualization Tests TESTS MD15128 2013 ASHRAE 110 1995 Local Smoke Visualization Large Volume Smoke Visualization No longer applicable Smoke generator only Controlled smoke released Smoke diffuser apparatus Detailed test method Detailed performance criteria Detailed test method Performance criteria Smoke candle or dry Ice or smoke generator General test method No performance criteria MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 47
Comparing MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 Velocity and Flow Tests TESTS MD15128 2013 ASHRAE 110 1995 Face Velocity ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria Bypass Effectiveness VAV Flow Response General test procedure Detailed performance criteria ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria No test procedure No performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 VAV Flow Stability ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria 48
Comparing MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 Velocity and Flow Tests TESTS MD15128 2013 ASHRAE 110 1995 Face Velocity ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria Bypass Effectiveness VAV Flow Response General test procedure Detailed performance criteria ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria No test procedure No performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 VAV Flow Stability ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria 49
Comparing MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 Containment Tests TESTS MD15128 2013 ASHRAE 110 1995 Tracer Gas Sash Movement Effect ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria ref ASHRAE 110 method Detailed performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria Detailed test method No performance criteria MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 50
Comparing MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 Additional Tests TESTS ASHRAE 110 1995 Simulated Apparatus Detailed test method Performance criteria Minimum Flow Test method Fume Hood Alarm Performance criteria Accuracy, enunciation, and responses Performance criteria Notes only No test method No performance criteria No test method No performance criteria No test method No performance criteria MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110 51
Other Relevant Fume Hood Testing Standards ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 2012 American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation NFPA 45 2011 Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals CSA Z316.5 04 Fume Hoods and Associated Exhaust Systems Other Relevant Standards 52
Conclusions MD 15128 was developed by considering all other relevant testing requirements. PWGSC believes that MD 15128 is more comprehensive than many other standards, while not necessarily imposing higher performance criteria. Conclusions MD 15128 helps to accomplish two important objectives: 1. Offers better protection to Government of Canada employees in terms of health and safety. 2. Sets the standard for the ever-changing fume hood technology to meet clearly defined performance criteria. 53
Thank You Questions? Timothy.ma@pwgsc.gc.ca (819) 956-0465 54