Technology enabled Smart Waste Collection and Management system using IoT

Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 1283-1295 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu Technology enabled Smart Waste Collection and Management system using IoT Dr.N.Susila, Professor and Head, Department of Information and Technology, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore Sruthi Anand Assistant Professor Department of Information and Technology, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore Dr.J.Granty Regina Elwin Assosiate Professor Department of Information and Technology, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore Dr.T.Sujatha Assosiate Professor Department of Information and Technology, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore Abstract The tremendous growth of population has lead to a world of unclean and unhygienic environment. Though the significance produces a great impact on the living species, it is highly essential to take utmost care of the waste being dumped. 1283

The present scenario follows a traditional method of manually visiting the places of the bins and cleaning them.the overflow of waste in municipal regions leads to the creation of polluted environment which turns into hazardous for lives. It steers the development of numerous severe diseases. This will create a higher chance of the various diseases that are likely to be spread.. Evacuating the trash and to maintain the sanitation necessitates a smart waste management system. The conventional method of the waste bin management requires more human exertion, time and cost which are not viable with the present day scenario. Hence a system is developed to screen the garbage container where in the level of waste collected is intimated via messages so as to eliminate the overflow of the garbage bins. The model is implemented using Aurdino board, UNO, GSM and sensors. This smart waste management system is implemented which checks the waste level over the dustbins by using Sensor systems. Upon the threshold detection, instantaneously the respective authorities are notified through GSM/GPRS. This ensures dispense of stagnated wastes in the garbage bins which greatly helps to preserve the hygiene in the environment. 1. Introduction Many a days, garbage are left unattended and unnoticed for a longer period of time. These wastes include left over wastes from the Publics, industries etc. In the modern era of technology driven society, we are in need to implement a system to automate the process of cleaning away the garbages. To further proceed with the process of automation, we suggest and implement garbage bins designed to help us with the technology. These smart bins can be implemented on a large scale and the traditional dustbins may be removed so that it can avoid dumped wastes on the roads. The garbage level in the bins can be easily monitored and kept informed periodically. The idea behind implementing this is to avoid pollution and dangerous hazards caused due to the garbage. The system implements the smart technology with the help of ultrasonic sensors placed over the bins to continuously detect the wastes that are being put inside the bins. The Arduino kit and GSM are used to 1284

send notifications to the registered authorities to enable them to initiate and complete the process of cleaning. 1.1 Garbage Monitoring System:- The present society is a collection of technology enabled process and tasks which motivates mankind to provide an efficient way to execute tasks. With Internet and technology, we gain a lot of additional information that are needed to enhance the livelihood. The major concerns with the environment are handling the wastes. It becomes seamlessly difficult to control the amount of wastes that are generated from various sources and the other extent being handling the wastes. By doing so,we smoothly tend to improve the concerns of the society regarding hygiene. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes are the primary problems of the present era. The present system adopts manual intervention in checking the garbage bins area wise arduous technique that requires more manpower, time and cost. This can be easily avoided with the available technology like IoT. A simple and automatic waste monitoring system can be developed using Aurdino processors associating different sensors to make way to an effective garbage clearance system. This system will greatly help in to keep the cities clean and hygienic. 2. Related Work In the Paper proposed by Prof. Dr. Sandeep M. Chaware, the system is designed to monitor the garbage bins and thereby inform about the garbage level collected through a web page.the data I in the webpage is filtered and sent to the garbage collecting vehicles. The system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over the bins to detect the garbage level and compare it with the garbage bins depth. The system is implemented with the Arduino processor and LCD Screen which is used to display the status of the bins[1]. 1285

Kanchan Mahajan has proposed waste bin monitoring system using integrated technologies. Zigbee and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) are the best combinations used in the project. The system is implemented with the help of ARM 7 sensor.this controller passes a signal to the driver of the garbage truck informing about the location of the bin located and those that needs immediate attention, by the use of GSM module[2]. Akshatha.C.S has proposed garbage bin monitoring system for dry solid. This method implies that the dustbins interface with the Arduino, possessing weight sensors which collect information regarding the current status of refuse. All the data carried out are passed on to the app. The pressure sensor detects the level of garbage, whenever the garbage level reaches threshold the sensor notifies the Arduino Uno. The data from Arduino is uploaded to the cloud storage The push notification is then sent to the android application running in the registered android mobile[3]. S.S.Navghanya has proposed IOT based smart garbage and waste collection bin. In this system, the waste bins are connected to a microcontroller with wireless IR system. The web page carries information abput the status of the garbage through wifi. IR sensor is used to give status about different levels of garbage in the bin. The Weight sensor gets activated on crossing the threshold level. Their proposed work is to use sensor based system which is inexpensive rather than to use expensive smart bins. Also they use 3 IR sensors to indicate each level in dustbin and they have a wi-fi router to receive the instant status of the bin[4]. In another paper, ultrasonic proximity sensor, inductive sensor, raspberry pi, GSM, technology and artificial intelligence are involved in the process of cleaning the wastes. IR proximity sensors and load sensors are used to sense the load and its level of waste generated. When the threshold is reached, a signal is generated which is then transmitted to the RF transmitter. MATLAB based GUI are used. Ultrasonic sensors here detect the level of garbage and sends messages to the control room. GUI is used to display the location of the dustbin, status, date and time of garbage collection [5][6]. PG research institute has proposed garbage 1286

collection management system. GSM, zigbee, PIC-controller, ultrasonic sensor, moisture sensors are used. Gas sensor have provides an indication to the cleaning authority and needs urgent attention. Here, the se of sensors placed at low level are used to measure the level of dustbin for filling the garbage heaviness of garbage, condition of dustbin with respect to heat or cold. RF technology at lower section transmit the bin status to next section where zigbee and gsm are placed. Zigbee here is used for long distance communication where gsm is used for sending sms to the cleaner to clean the dustbin. Garbage level sensing process is performed by level sensor, some moist generated by the dustbin is sensed by thr moist sensor and the toxic gases generated by the garbage thrown is detected by the gas sensors[7]. Ranchan Mahajan has proposed waste bin monitoring system using IOT. In this proposal, Zigbee and global system for mobile communication are one of the netter ways to be used. The sensors are placed in the garbage bins at the public places and the threshold level indication is indicated to the ARM7 controller.the controller will give the indication to the driver of garbage collection truck as to which garbage bin is completely filled and needs urgent attention. ARM7 will give indication of sending messages using GSM technology. Suchit.S. Purohit has proposed RFID based solid waste. The use of RFID, GPS, GIS, GSM technologies are involved in the garbage monitoring. It consist of RFID tags mounted on containers, RFID reader mounted on trucks along with GPS for location tracking and GSM module for wireless communication. It is a web based application[8]. 3. Proposed Work In the existing waste management system, the garbage is collected in the streets twice a day. Although this system was thorough it was very inefficient. One street in a town may have easy accessibility and thereby populated whereas the other area of the same city may not. In these scenarios, it s quite apparent that the waste bins located in the former get filled easily rather than the latter. The proposed IoT enabled smart waste management system focuses on clearing the garbage bins in the selected city then and there so that cleanliness and hygiene is preserved. The system deploys arduino 1287

processor, a timer button and ultrasonic sensor to collect information regarding the wastes dumped as described in Fig 3.1. Even if the bin level is less than the threshold at one criterion, if it does not meet the other requirement on the number of days, the bin needs to be emptied. This process of two tier checking helps in avoiding the garbage bins left unattended for more than 3 days. The proposed work focuses to send messages at three states namely status of filled bins, unattended bins and the cleaned bins Sensor Fixed Smart Garbage Bin ULTRASONIC SENSOR AURDINO BOARD Timing Sensor to detect uncleaned bins Bin Level sensing for amount of waste dumped GSM MODULE NOTIFICATION MESSAGE Fig. 3.1 Block Diagram for smart bin management.this solution involves less time and fuel consumption as the trucks needs to visit only the selected garbage bins. The focus is not only on collection of 1288

route based fill level of the containers, also closely monitoring the other bins which are likely to be filled based on the past data. The sensors installed in the containers provide real time information on the fill level. This information helps to determine when and where to prioritize collection. Also to improvise the system, an added feature of sensitizing the wastes spread out outside the dust bins can be identified by fixing a camera at the top of the waste bin. The images collected are processed for identifying the amount of wastes spread out using spatial Poisson quantity detection algorithm. The pseudo code for the monitoring and effective management of smart bin is given below Procedure for smart bin monitoring Require : sensor fixed closed bin Determine : the status of the garbage bin Calculate : the time to clean the bins Set timer = 0; Set mt_dist=5 cm; Initialize th=2 cm; Initialize sen_count=0; If( sen_dis < th) then, Send notification. End if do { Set timer =1 ; Initialize date= sysdate; If(date > Sysdate + 3) then Initiate Alert Notification }while((bin_motion< mt_dist) && (sen_count >3)) ; End While End 1289

In this work, we clearly propose the idea of the garbage bins designed in such a way that it contains a button at the bottom. This is used to identify and reset the status of the bins once the garbage has been collected and the timer is initialized. By doing this, the bins that are cleaned to avoid decay and that are not filled can be known. The algorithm used here denotes that the bins start sensing the information once it reaches 4 cm, and gradually keeps sensing it till it reaches 2 cm. Once the threshold is reached, a notification message is sent to the concerned authority to indicate the status of the bins. 4. Results and Discussion: Fig 3.2 Process Diagram 1290

The system is implemented with the arduino based Garbage bins. When the garbage reach the threshold level, notification is sent to the Authority, where they are tracked to the path to clean the same. Since few decades, the wastes in the city are overflowing creating an unhygienic environment. The previous work involved manual intervention to clean up the bins that are full. The plastics and other intoxicants when dropped inside the dustbins most of the time land up being dropped outside or the filled garbage bin overflows the excess outside the bin causing tidiness all over. Thus, this kind of technology provides a great opportunity to maintain a clean environment and saving millions of lives from danger due to illness. In this system, we make use of Ultrasonic Sensor which is a highly efficient. Fig 4.1 and 4.2 describes the results of the proposed work. Fig. 4.1 Implemented Smart Bin 1291

Fig. 4.2 Message service The ultrasonic sensor senses the distance by using sound waves. The sound waves are monitored at specific frequency and sound wave recorded and generated to and fro. Thus the data from the database are continuously monitored and when the threshold level is reached, the messages are sent. 6. Conclusion Thus, this work clearly focuses on cleaning the garbage bins automatically when a specific level is reached. This approach paves a great way to build a smart city with proper hygiene mechanisms involved. Automation can easily help in reduction of manual effort and reduce the hectic process involved in cleaning the dumped wastes. By this method, we can also minimize the number of vehicles that are utilized everyday for the process, thereby saving fuel, cost and manpower. By employing such smart technologies in our daily activities, we can ensure maximum cleanliness in the city and extend the life span of the living species. 7. Limitations and Future Research This work focuses only on the garbage placed inside the bins. This work can further be extended to also take care of the spilled out waste outside the bins and also separate the bio degradable wastes and make it as manure for the future. References [1]. Glossary of Environment Statistics : Series F, No. 67 / Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, United Nations. New York: UN, 1997. 1292

[2].Waste Management in IoT- Enabled Smart Cities by Nalavadi Srikantha, Khaja Moinuddin, Lokesh K S, AswathaNarayana. [IEEE] International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242. [3].IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin by S.S.Navghane, M.S.Killedar, Dr.V.M.Rohokale. [IEEE]International Journal Of Advanced Research In Electronic And Communications Engineering ISSN:2278-909X. [4]. United Nations Environmental Programme (2013). "Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies Moving from Challenges to Opportunities." [5]. IoT Based Waste Management for Smart Cities by Prakash and Prabhu.[IEEE] International Journal Of Innovative Research In Computer And Communication Engineering ISSN:2320-9801. [6]. "Programming Arduino Getting Started with Sketches". McGraw-Hill. Nov 8, 2011. Retrieved 2013-03-28. [7]. Anton A. Huurdeman, The Worldwide History of Telecommunications, John Wiley & Sons, 31 July 2003, page 529. [8]. "GSM Global system for Mobile Communications". 4G Americas. Retrieved 2014-03- 22. [9]. Florence Nightingale, Selected Writings of Florence Nightingale, ed. Lucy RidgelySeymer (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1954), pp. 38287. [10]. National Waste & Recycling Association. "History of Solid Waste Management". Washington, DC. Retrieved 2013-12-09. [11] Smart Garbage Monitoring System using Internet of Things by S.Vinoth kumar,t.senthil kumar,kirtipille,chennai. [12]IoT Based Smart Waste Management by Indhu Anoop, Ayush Jain, Shwetha Pathak, GauriYadav.[IEEE]International Journal Of Advanced Research in Computer And Communications EngineeringISSN:2278-1021. [13] Waste Management in IoT- Enabled Smart Cities by Nalavadi Srikantha, Khaja Moinuddin, Lokesh K S, Aswatha Narayana. [IEEE] International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242. 1293

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