INTEGRATED PLANT PROTECTION APPLICATION IN HORTICULTURE Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture Laimutis RAUDONIS, Elena SURVILIENĖ, Alma VALIUŠKAITĖ, Laisvūnė DUCHOVSKIENĖ
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT One of the key points in applying the Integrated Plant Protection (IPP) is detection of the onset of pest and disease occurrence and timely application of plant protection measures. Pest and disease forecasting systems are developed and introduced for that purpose. Research on the efficiency of forecasting models for pests and diseases in horticultural plants under Lithuanian climate conditions using internet forecasting system imetos sm (Pessl Instrumental, Austria) was started at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2007. The forecasting system developed according to PHARE program by Twinning in Plant Protection Strengthening of the capacities for administration and control of the plant origin production in Lithuania by Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and State Plant Protection Service implemented together with UK Central Science Laboratory.
imetos sm (Pessl Instrumental, Austria) MET station and sensors: Air temperature Relative humidity Leaf wetness Precipitation Solar radiation Soil temperature Air pressure Soil humidity Wind direction Wind speed
imetos sm DATA TRANSMISSION GPRS Internet GPRS Internet database GPRS Measuring interval: 5 minutes Logging interval: 60 minutes Internet contact interval: 120 minutes between 6:00 and 22:00 Administration by standard browser on: http://www.fieldclimate.com
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT In the meteorological stations there are introduced forecasting models for: Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) Brown rot disease of stone fruits (Monilinia spp.) Onion downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) Onion neck rot (Botrytis spp.) Strawberry grey mould (Botrytis spp.) Strawberry powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis) Strawberry wilt (Phytophthora cactorum) Carrot alternaria leaf blight (Alternaria dauci) Beetroot cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola) Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) Apple blossom weevil (Anthonomus pomorum) Apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) Carrot fly (Psilae rosae) Onion maggot (Delia antiqua) Codling moth (Cydia pomonella)
10 meteorological stations were set up on large horticultural farms in Pasvalys, Šiauliai, Panevėžys, Kaunas, Klaipėda, Anykščiai, Alytus and Širvintos districts
SCHEME OF MET STATIONS FOR DISEASE AND PEST WARNING OF HORTICULTURAL PLANTS IN LITHUANIA Horticulture UAB Naradava, Pasvalys district UAB Aukštikalnių sodai, Pasvalys AB Dembavos medelynas, Panevėžys AB Ažuožerių sodai, Anykščiai district AB Luksnėnų sodai, Alytus district LIH, Kaunas district Internet Database Pessl, Austria Vegetable growing UAB Sodžiaus rytas, Pasvalys district Grower L. Šateika, Šiauliai district Grower R. Darvydas, Širvintos district Grower P. Vasiliauskas, Klaipėda district
Data interpretation
Carrots Alternaria dauci model
Apple scab model V. inaequalis conidia infection
Apple Fireblight model
Fire Blight (Apples and Pears) Risk Figure and PET interpretation Potential for Pathogen Presence Very low Low Low moderate Moderate High No Fire Blight in PETΣ 0 200 200 220 220 250 250 325 325+ area past 2 seasons Fire Blight in local PETΣ 0 100 100 200 200 220 220 325 325+ area 2 seasons ago Fire Blight in local PETΣ 0 100 100 200 200 220 220 300 300+ area last season Fire Blight in or PETΣ 0 60 60 110 110 160 160 220 220+ near your orchard Active cankers are now nearby PETΣ 0 0 60 60 80 80 160 160+
Strawberry Botrytis model
Efficiency of systems to control grey mould in strawberries, 2008 (Signum 334WG 1,8 kg -1 : I 12, 20, 26 of May; II 13 of May, 17, 21 of June) 70 60 54,13 62,44 Grey mould, % Efficiency of system, % 50 40 30 20 10 2,84 2,31 6,15 0 Conventional system (I) Botrytis model system (II) Control
Onion Botrytis model
Efficiency of systems to control Botrytis spp. in onion, 2008 (F+TBZ 400 SC 0,75 l -1 : I 29 of July, 5, 18, 26 of August; II 14 of July, 4, 14, 24 of August) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 7,4 5 8 60,65 Conventional system (I) 4,59 3 4 Botrytis model system (II) Infection on leaves, % Neck rot, % Neck rot after 2 mounts, % Efficiency of systems, % 76,65 20,83 16 19 Control
CONCLUSION Investigation carried out at LIH has proved that the forecasting system for apple scab and codling moth is fully adapted. Other forecasting models are being investigated for the first time and for correct application they need to be researched further.
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