BS 7913 Launch event. 10 March 2014 Somerset House, London

BS 7913 Launch event 10 March 2014 Somerset House, London

Conservation of cultural heritage and the importance of standards Tim Yates, Chair of British Standards Committee B/560 Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. Launch of BS 7913 - Guide to the conservation of historic buildings

Standards and standardisation A standard is a published document that contains a technical specification or other precise criteria designed to be used consistently as a rule, guideline, or definition. All standards take the form of either: Specifications Methods Vocabularies Codes of practice Guides. Steel sections and tram lines Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 Launch of BS 7913 - Guide to the conservation of historic buildings 3

Standards and standardisation The original purpose of standards was to ensure that fixtures and fittings were of a consistent size and quality Over the past 100 years the purpose of Standards has shifted towards providing a minimum quality and making sure that methods and materials reflect good practice. Standards and codes of practice allow specifications to be written in a clear and concise way. Standards can also be used to support accreditation schemes for conservators and building conservation craftsmen. Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 4

Standards and Cultural Heritage 2002 British Standards and Codes of Practice related to conservation Guidance on good practice Code of practice for the cleaning and surface repair of buildings (BS8221 Parts 1 and 2) BS7913:1998 Guide to the principles of the conservation of historic buildings Other standards linked to building conservation Testing of natural stone Specification of mortars Not written with conservation in mind. Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 5

Standards and Cultural Heritage 2002 European Standards - 'Standardisation in the field of conservation of Cultural Heritage' Based on earlier work undertaken by UNESCO. Terminology relevant to movable and immovable artefacts, and to the conservation of the artefacts and the material constituting the artefacts Guidelines for a methodological approach to the knowledge of the artefacts and of the materials constituting the artefacts, of the deterioration processes, and of preservation/ conservation work Test and analysis methods for the diagnosis and for the characterisation of the artefacts Tests and analysis methods for the evaluation of the performance of conservation products Test and analysis methods for the evaluation of indoor conservation conditions particularly transport, packaging and exhibition environments Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 6

Standards and Cultural Heritage 2002 European Standards - 'Standardisation in the field of conservation of Cultural Heritage it seems only sensible that building conservation also should develop standards and codes of practice. However, there is always a risk of standards being developed internationally that do not reflect local (or regional) good practice and which may also stifle innovation and the development of new skills. Therefore, the industry must make sure that its views are represented on both national and international standards committees. Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 7

Standards and Cultural Heritage Why do we need standards for cultural heritage? Conservation, like many other activities and businesses, has become increasingly global. As a result there was a need for a common set of conservation principles o The Venice Charter (1966) (which stresses the importance of setting, respect for original fabric, precise documentation of any intervention, the significance of contributions from all periods to the building's character, and the maintenance of historic buildings for a socially useful purpose) o UNESCO Recommendation for the Protection of Moveable Cultural Property (1978) (which defines the broad range of items that make up moveable cultural property and identifies measures to safeguard property and to indemnify in case of damage, alteration or loss of the property resulting from transport and exhibition, environmental conditions, handling, faulty packaging, and other unfavourable conditions). Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 8

Standards and Cultural Heritage Why do we need standards for cultural heritage? As the trend towards globalisation has continued a need for a common language and common framework within which to work has become important and it is this that the European Standards are trying to achieve. The intention is not to provide rigid and prescriptive solutions but to provide common questions, and common ways to describe and evaluate cultural heritage. The UK standards take this further on and focus down on the UK s needs but still within the same common framework. Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 9

Standards and Cultural Heritage 2014 British Standards Committee B/560 Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage BS 7913 Guide to the principles of the conservation of historic buildings (2013). BS 8221 Part 1 Code of practice for the cleaning of natural stones, brick, terracotta and concrete (2012) BS 8221 Part 2 Code of practice for the surface repair of natural stones, brick and terracotta (2000/2012) BS 6270 Part 3 Code of practice for cleaning and surface repair of buildings -- Metals (cleaning only) (1991/2013) BS 5454 / PD 5454 Guide for the storage and exhibition of archival materials (2000/2012) Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 10

Standards and Cultural Heritage 2014 European Standards Committee B/560 Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage and CEN/TC 346 Cultural Heritage Working Group Number BS 7913 Guide to the principles General methodologies of the conservation and terminology of historic buildings (2013). CEN/TC 346/WG 1 CEN/TC 346/WG 2 BS 8221 Part 1 Code of practice for the cleaning of natural stones, brick, terracotta and heritage concrete (2012) CEN/TC 346/WG 3 BS 8221 Part 2 Code of practice materials for constituting the surface cultural heritage repair of natural stones, brick and terracotta (2000/2012) CEN/TC 346/WG 4 BS 6270 Part 3 Code of practice Packing and for transport cleaning and surface repair of buildings -- Metals (cleaning only) (1991/2013) CEN/TC 346/WG 5 CEN/TC 346/WG 6 BS 5454 / PD 5454 Guide for the storage and exhibition of archival materials Specifying and measuring Indoor/outdoor climate (2000/2012) CEN/TC 346/WG 7 CEN/TC 346/WG 8 CEN/TC 346/WG 9 CEN/TC 346/WG 10 CEN/TC 346/WG 11 Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. Working Group Title Characterisation and analysis of porous inorganic materials constituting cultural Evaluation of methods and products for conservation works on porous inorganic Protection of collections Exhibition lighting of cultural heritage - Joint Working Group between CEN/TC 346 and CEN/TC 169 Energy efficiency of historic buildings Waterlogged wood Historic timber structures 12/03/2014 Conservation process 11

Standards and Cultural Heritage 2014 European Standards Committee B/560 Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage and CEN/TC 346 Cultural Heritage Standard Number Standard Title BS EN 15757:2010 BS EN 15758:2010 BS EN 15759-1:2011 BS EN 15801:2009 BS EN 15802:2009 BS EN 15803:2009 BS EN 15886:2010 BS EN 15898:2011 BS EN 15946:2011 Conservation of Cultural Property - Specifications for temperature and relative humidity to limit climate-induced mechanical damage in organic hygroscopic materials Conservation of Cultural Property - Procedures and instruments for measuring temperatures of the air and the surfaces of objects Conservation of cultural property - Indoor climate - Part 1: Guidelines for heating churches, chapels and other places of worship Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water absorption by capillarity Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of static contact angle Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water vapour permeability (dp) Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Colour measurement of surfaces Conservation of cultural property - Main general terms and definitions Conservation of cultural property - Packing principles for transport Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 12

Standards and Cultural Heritage 2014 European Standards Committee B/560 Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage and CEN/TC 346 Cultural Heritage Standard Number Standard Title BS EN 15999-1:2014 Conservation of Cultural property - Guidelines for design of showcases for exhibition and preservation of objects - Part 1: General requirements BS EN 16085:2012 BS EN 16095:2012 BS EN 16096:2012 BS EN 16141:2012 BS EN 16242:2012 BS EN 16302:2013 BS EN 16322:2013 Conservation of Cultural property - Methodology for sampling from materials of cultural property - General rules Conservation of cultural property - Condition recording for movable cultural heritage Conservation of cultural property - Condition survey and report of built cultural heritage Conservation of cultural heritage - Guidelines for management of environmental conditions - Open storage facilities: definitions and characteristics of collection centres dedicated to the preservation and management of cultural heritage Conservation of cultural heritage - Procedures and instruments for measuring humidity in the air and moisture exchanges between air and cultural property Conservation of cultural heritage - Test methods - Measurement of water absorption by pipe method Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Test methods - Determination of drying properties Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 13

Standards and Cultural Heritage Looking to the future The development of standards is set to continue for the foreseeable future The work programme for CEN TC346 will be reviewed in 2015 but there doesn t seem to be any shortage of topics for the committee to work on. The continuing interest in museum collections and exhibitions means that there is a continuing need to develop and apply standards to assess and protect them. There are also new challenges for the cultural heritage Concerns over climate change and the need to make buildings (including museums and collections) The challenge of new materials and new styles of building to conserve and protect for future generations. Copyright 2014 BSI. All rights reserved. 12/03/2014 18

BS 7913 Launch event 10 March 2014 Somerset House, London

BS 7913: 2013: Guide to the Conservation of Historic Buildings John Edwards MA, DipBldgCons, BCAS, CEnv, FRICS, FCIOB, IHBC Lead author of BS 7913: 2013 and Chair of the drafting panel Member of Committee B/560: Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage Cadw, Assistant Director

BS 7913 produced by expert practitioners But also by public consultation 1. Overseen by BSI Committee B/560: Conservation of tangible cultural heritage wide range of conservation (in its broadest sense) experts. 2. BS 7913 drafting panel of Building Conservation experts under a Chair reporting to B/560. Edit by BSI. 3. Core drafting input: Cadw/English Heritage, Historic Scotland, National Trust, IHBC, CIOB, RICS, CEM, RIBA. 4. Core drafting team: John Edwards (Chair), Rory Cullen, Karen Williamson, Henry Russell, Stephen Bond, Richard Storah, Dave Chetwyn and input from many others. 5. Disciplines represented included: Architects, Engineers, Surveyors, Archaeologists, Builders, Town Planners.

John Edwards Produced by experts for experts!

John Edwards Produced by experts for everyone!

Input competing demands By the panel and through consultation 1. Content just buildings and structures or more? Archaeology or not? Conservation Principles or not or somewhere in-between? 2. Title Buildings/ Assets. Common terminology/ Heritage official terminology/ Mainstream terminology. 3. Proportionality too much on history/ not enough, too much on technical detail or not enough, too much on process or not enough? Much more. 4. Conflicting views even from within same organisations policy teams/ practitioners. Is a new BS required? Striking the balance!

Content covering the whole process 1. Description of buildings/architecture & conservation history. 2. Significance, conservation principles and values. 3. Heritage management pro-active & re-active reconciling values 4. Historic areas as well as structures / buildings. 5. Condition surveys, inspections, investigations and pathology 6. Common defects & their assessment. 7. Common repair issues. 8. New development & adaptation. 9. Maintenance 10. Sustainability and energy efficiency. 11. Project Management. 12. Project Supervision 13. Competence & Accreditation

BS 7913: 2013 in context Making the case for a new standard Conservation in practice: Cardiff Castle Clock Tower 1989 Case Study

Cardiff Castle Clock Tower Cardiff Castle Clock Tower 1989 Case Study

Inside the Clock Tower top floor Summer Smoking Room 1989 Case Study

Cardiff Castle Clock Tower Cardiff Castle Clock Tower 1989 Case Study

This is Conservation practiced in 1989! Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance. Cultural significance means: aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present or future generations 1989 Case Study

Cardiff Cardiff Castle Castle Clock Clock Tower Tower 1989 1989 Case Study Partial replacement v whole replacement. Disagreement over the need for minimum intervention and consideration of wider issues including significance and risks to the structure

1989 Case Study Decision Making Criteria - 1989 Technical necessity & feasibility Aesthetics Interpretation Education

Cardiff Castle Clock Tower - informed by significance Artistic completeness..

Artistic completeness..

Authoritative Guidance BS 7913: 1998 Following traditional practice of conservation not based on managing significance

Understanding necessary for Conservation SIGNIFICANCE Significance analysis Conservation Plans (and Conservation Management Plans) Heritage Impact Assessments Requires both! TECHNICAL Surveys (Condition, Quinquennial, etc.) Inspections Targeted Specialist Investigations

Authoritative Guidance RICS: 2008 based on managing significance

Authoritative Guidance English Heritage Conservation Principles: 2008 based on managing significance

Authoritative Guidance Cadw Conservation Principles: 2011 based on managing significance

Authoritative Guidance BS 7913: 2013 based on managing significance

Guidance with whole industry mainstream appeal Authoritative Guidance BS 7913: 2013 based on managing significance

Content activities needed for conservation 1. Description of buildings/architecture & conservation history. 2. Significance, conservation principles and values. 3. Heritage management pro-active & re-active reconciling values 4. Historic areas as well as structures / buildings. 5. Condition surveys, inspections, investigations and pathology 6. Common defects & their assessment. 7. Common repair issues. 8. New development & adaptation. 9. Maintenance 10. Sustainability and energy efficiency. 11. Project Management. 12. Project Supervision 13. Competence & Accreditation

Content activities needed for conservation 10. Sustainability and energy efficiency The most effective way of ensuring energy efficiency and sustainability is to keep historic buildings in good repair so that they last as long as possible, do not need replacement and do not suffer from avoidable decay that would require energy and carbon to rectify. They should provide occupancy in an efficient manner, involving minimal production of carbon and use of energy without harming significance or the physical performance of the historic fabric. Using natural ventilation and light, and proper temperature and humidity control for individual rooms are ways of minimizing energy usage that respect the building s material characteristics.

Content activities needed for conservation 10. Sustainability and energy efficiency Elements such as walls can be over a third less energy efficient if damp. Some energy efficient measures can have an adverse effect on sustainability. The actual energy efficiency of historic buildings and their potential energy efficiency with the addition of energy efficient measures should be taken in account at the outset (see 6.3). The need for energy efficiency and low carbon might also influence the selection of materials and work methods as they can impact on thermal performance and weather resistance. Building materials and products should be sourced and procured in a sustainable manner. The historic building should be regularly inspected..

Helping to assure quality & appropriateness 12. Project Supervision 1. Project Supervision is necessary but should be proportionate. 2. Project Supervision works alongside Project Management. 3. Develop quality management processes at the beginning of a project risk analysis approach to focus on priorities contractor and client side have roles and interface. 4. Project Supervision involves visual inspections and tests as appropriate. 5. Works /Contractor Supervisors to adopt systematic quality inspections and tests which are recorded. 6. Client side Project Supervisor to interface with Works/ Contractor supervisor, check the records and supplement with own inspections and tests.

Using BS 7913: 2013 Authoritative guide 1. A new standard to draw attention to best practice. 2. A basis from which best practice can be measured & delivered. 3. For all old buildings and protected/ Listed buildings. 4. UK heritage sector covering the broadest of issues. 5. UK mainstream property and construction industry they know about British Standards. 6. Beyond the UK. 7. A basis for consistent training in building conservation some or all of content. 8. A basis for internal training within organisations some or all of content.

BS 7913 Launch event 10 March 2014 Somerset House, London