Demonstration of Commonly Suggested Shade Annual Alternatives to Garden Impatiens Year 2

Demonstration of Commonly Suggested Shade Annual Alternatives to Garden Impatiens Year 2 Nora Catlin, Floriculture Specialist, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County In 2013 a two-year trial was established at the Long Island Horticultural Research & Extension Center to demonstrate commonly suggested shade annual alternatives to garden impatiens (Impatiens walleriana). The goal of this trial was to serve as a resource for growers, gardeners, and landscapers seeking substitute plants for garden impatiens, which are threatened by impatiens downy mildew. In 2013, 43 cultivars of 16 species were grown in the demonstration. For information on the plants trialed in 2013, please refer to the trial report posted on http://ccesuffolk.org/agriculture/floriculture/long-island-trial-gardens. Additional photos are also posted. In 2014, a total of 79 cultivars of 29 species were included in the demonstration (Table 1). Plants were planted into the field under a high tunnel fitted with 50% shade cloth during the last week of June. Plants were planted on 12-inch centers within the plot, with 24 inches between plots. Each plot was replicated 3 times to account for varying soil conditions or pests. All plant material was in 3- to 4-inch containers at planting. Prior to planting, landscape fabric was laid in between the rows for weed management, and the beds were fertilized with a controlled-release fertilizer (14-14-14, Harrell s, 3-4 month) at a rate of approximately 2 lb N/1000 sq ft. After planting the beds were mulched to a 2- to 4-inch depth for weed management. Plants were irrigated with trickle tape, which was installed immediately after planting and prior to mulching. Table 1. Plants and cultivars included in the 2014 Shade Annual Demonstration Trial. Plant Cultivar Plant Material a Agastache (Agastache hybrida) Arcado Pink S Ageratum (Ageratum houtonianum) Hawaii 5-0 S Bacopa (Sutera x hybrida) Betty Pink V Bacopa (Sutera cordata) Snowstorm White V Begonia (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum) Ambassador White S Begonia (Begonia x hybrida) Baby Wing Pink S Begonia (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum) Bada Boom White S Begonia (Begonia x benariensis) Big Red w/ Bronze Leaf S Begonia (Begonia x benariensis) Big Red w/ Green Leaf S Begonia (Begonia x tuberhybrida) Breezy White S Begonia (Begonia x tuberhybrida) Go Go Rose S Begonia (Begonia boliviensis) Santa Cruz Sunset S Begonia (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum) Senator White S Begonia (Begonia x hybrida) Sparks Will Fly S Begonia (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum) Volumia Rose Bicolor S

Table 1. (cont d.) Plant Cultivar Plant Material a Begonia (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum) Volumia Scarlett S Begonia (Begonia x benariensis) Whopper Red w/ Bronze Leaf S Browalia (Browallia speciosa major) Bells Blue S Caladium (Caladium hortulanum) Artful Fire and Ice T Caladium (Caladium hortulanum) Artful Heartfire T Euphorbia (Euphorbia hypericifolia) Diamond Delight V Fuchsia (Fuchsia hybrid) (unknown) V Fuchsia (Fuchsia hybrid) Lena V Geranium (Pelargonium interspecific) Calliente Fire V Geranium (Pelargonium interspecific) Calliope Burgundy V Helichrysum (Helichrysum petiolare) -- V Heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) Scentropia Dark Blue V Hypoestes (Hypoestes sanguinolenta) Splash Select Red S Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Big Bounce Cherry V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Big Bounce Lavender V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Big Bounce Lilac V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Big Bounce Red V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Big Bounce Violet V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Big Bounce White V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Bounce Cherry V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Bounce Lilac V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Bounce Pink Flame V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Bounce Violet V Impatiens (Impatiens hybrida) Bounce White V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Florific Red S Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Florific Sweet Orange S Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Florific White S Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Infinity Red V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Paradise New Red V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Paradise White V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Pure Beauty White V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Ruffles Red V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Sonic Deep Red V Impatiens (Impatiens x hybrida hort) SunPatiens Compact Red V Impatiens (Impatiens x hybrida hort) SunPatiens Deep Rose V Impatiens (Impatiens x hybrida hort) SunPatiens White V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Super Sonic Orange Ice V Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Super Sonic White V Ipomoea (Ipomoea batatas) Blackie V Ipomoea (Ipomoea batatas) Margarita V Ipomoea (Ipomoea batatas) Sidekick bronze V Iresine (Iresine herbstii) Blazin Lime S

Table 1. (cont d.) Plant Cultivar Plant Material a Lobelia (Lobelia erinus) Techno Heat Upright Dark Blue V Lobelia (Lobelia erinus) Techno Heat Upright Light Blue V Lobelia (Lobelia erinus) Techno Heat White V Lobularia (Lobularia hybrid) Dark Knight V Lobularia (Lobularia hybrid) Snow Princess V Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) Whirlybird Mix S Nemesia (Nemesia hybrid) Sunsatia Raspberry V Nierembergia (Nierembergia scoparia) Purple Robe S Oxalis (Oxalis triangularis) -- Petunia (Petunia x hybrida) Easy Wave Burgundy Velour S Petunia (Petunia x hybrida) Easy Wave Red Velour S Phlox (Phlox hybrid) Intensia Blueberry V Plectranthus (Plectranthus neochilus) Lobster Claw V Plectranthus (Plectranthus coleoides) Nicoletta V Salvia (Salvia splendens) Ablazin Tobasco S Salvia (Salvia splendens) Salsa Scarlett S Salvia (Salvia splendens) Salsa White S Torenia (Torenia fournieri) Kauai Deep Blue S Torenia (Torenia fournieri) Kauai White S Torenia (Torenia hybrida) Summer Wave Large Violet V Vinca (Catharanthus roseus) Cora White S Viola (Viola x wittrockiana) Anytime Sunlight V a S = seed, V = vegetative cutting, T = tuber Evaluations of plant performance and observations were recorded throughout the season. During evaluations, flower quality, foliage quality, and overall impact were scored on a 1 to 5 scale, and averaged for an overall season-long score (1=poor, 2=below average, 3=acceptable/good, 4=above average/great, 5=outstanding; flower scores were eliminated for the foliage plants Caladium, Helichrysum, Ipomoea, Hypoestes, Iresine, and Plectranthus). The overall average score for each evaluation and the season-long average score can be found in Table 2. Plant height and width were recorded for the middle plant of each plot on 31-July; the average height and width measurements can be found in Table 3. The flowering plants with the highest season-long average scores included: Agastache Arcado Pink Begonia Ambassador White Begonia Baby Wing Pink Begonia Bada Boom White Begonia Big Red w/ Bronze Leaf Begonia Big Red w/ Green Leaf Begonia Senator White Begonia Volumia Rose Bicolor Begonia Volumia Scarlet Begonia Whopper Red w/ Bronze Leaf Impatiens Big Bounce White Impatiens Bounce Cherry Impatiens Bounce Pink Flame Impatiens Bounce Violet Impatiens Bounce White Impatiens SunPatiens White Lobularia Dark Knight Lobularia Snow Princess The foliage plants with the highest season-long average included: Plectranthus Lobster Claw Ipomoea Sidekick Bronze Ipomoea Margarita Plectranthus Nicoletta Ipomoea Blackie

Table 2. Overall average evaluation score for each evaluation and the season-long average score. Evaluation Scores a 10-July 12-Aug 29-Aug 15-Sept Season-Long Agastache Arcado Pink 4.1 4.9 4.8 3.9 4.4 Ageratum Hawaii 5-0 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.0 Bacopa Betty Pink 2.4 3.8 2.3 2.3 2.7 Bacopa Snowstorm White 2.1 3.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 Begonia Ambassador White 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.6 Begonia Baby Wing Pink 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.8 Begonia Bada Boom White 3.8 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.5 Begonia Big Red w/ Bronze Leaf 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 Begonia Big Red w/ Green Leaf 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 Begonia Breezy White 3.7 2.2 2.0 1.1 2.2 Begonia Go Go Rose 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.0 3.6 Begonia Santa Cruz Sunset 3.7 2.9 2.8 2.4 3.0 Begonia Senator White 3.8 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.4 Begonia Sparks Will Fly 2.7 2.6 2.7 1.9 2.5 Begonia Volumia Rose Bicolor 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.5 Begonia Volumia Scarlet 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 Begonia Whopper Red w/ Bronze Leaf 4.4 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.8 Browalia Bells Blue 2.1 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.0 Caladium Artful Fire and Ice 3.7 3.2 3.7 4.1 3.7 Caladium Artful Heartfire 2.9 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.9 Euphorbia Diamond Delight 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.3 Fuchsia (unknown) 4.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.8 Fuchsia Lena 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 Geranium Calliente Fire 2.5 3.1 3.8 3.2 3.1 Geranium Calliope Burgundy 2.9 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.2 Helichrysum 4.7 4.8 3.7 3.2 4.1 Heliotrope Scentropia Dark Blue 3.7 4.6 4.5 3.7 4.1 Hypoestes Splash Select Red 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.5 Impatiens Big Bounce Cherry 3.4 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.2 Impatiens Big Bounce Lavender 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.1 Impatiens Big Bounce Lilac 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.3 Impatiens Big Bounce Red 3.6 4.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 Impatiens Big Bounce Violet 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 Impatiens Big Bounce White 3.9 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.5 Impatiens Bounce Cherry 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.4 Impatiens Bounce Lilac 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.8 Impatiens Bounce Pink Flame 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 Impatiens Bounce Violet 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.7 Impatiens Bounce White 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.6 Impatiens Florific Red 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.2 2.5 Impatiens Florific Sweet Orange 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.9 2.8

Table 2. (cont d.) Evaluation Scores a 10-July 12-Aug 29-Aug 15-Sept Season-Long Impatiens Florific White 2.0 2.8 2.9 3.5 2.8 Impatiens Infinity Red 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.2 Impatiens Paradise New Red 3.0 3.8 4.2 4.4 3.9 Impatiens Paradise White 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.9 3.2 Impatiens Pure Beauty White 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 Impatiens Ruffles Red 4.0 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.4 Impatiens Sonic Deep Red 3.6 3.4 4.1 4.3 3.9 Impatiens SunPatiens Compact Red 3.2 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.0 Impatiens SunPatiens Deep Rose 3.1 3.9 4.3 4.0 3.8 Impatiens SunPatiens White 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 Impatiens Super Sonic Orange Ice 4.3 4.7 4.2 3.7 4.2 Impatiens Super Sonic White 3.2 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.5 Ipomoea Blackie 3.2 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.5 Ipomoea Margarita 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 Ipomoea Sidekick Bronze 3.8 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.6 Iresine Blazin Lime 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 Lobelia Techno Heat Upright Dark Blue 4.1 4.3 3.7 3.3 3.9 Lobelia Techno Heat Upright Light Blue 4.5 4.6 4.4 3.4 4.2 Lobelia Techno Heat White 4.1 4.2 4.0 2.8 3.8 Lobularia Dark Knight 3.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.6 Lobularia Snow Princess 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 Naturtium Whirlybird Mix 3.4 4.2 5.0 4.7 4.3 Nemesia Sunsatia Raspberry 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 Nierembergia Robe Purple 2.5 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 Oxalis 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 Petunia Easy Wave Burgundy Velour 3.6 3.1 2.1 1.8 2.7 Petunia Easy Wave Red Velour 3.4 2.8 1.9 1.8 2.5 Phlox Intensia Blueberry 2.9 3.1 2.6 1.6 2.5 Plectranthus Lobster Claw 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 Plectranthus Nicoletta 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.5 Salvia Ablazin Tobasco 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.6 Salvia Salsa Scarlett 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.1 2.7 Salvia Salsa White 3.2 2.6 2.2 1.9 2.5 Torenia Kauai Deep Blue 2.9 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.3 Torenia Kauai White 4.0 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.8 Torenia Summer Wave Large Violet 3.4 4.5 4.4 3.4 3.9 Vinca Cora White 2.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.6 Viola Anytime Sunlight 2.7 3.4 3.4 2.8 3.1 a Flower quality, foliage quality, and overall impact were scored on a 1 to 5 scale, and averaged for an overall score. All evaluations were then averaged for an overall season-long score. 1=poor, 2=below average, 3= acceptable/good, 4=above average/great, 5=outstanding. Flower scores were eliminated for the foliage plants Caladium, Helichrysum, Ipomoea, Hypoestes, Iresine, and Plectranthus.

Table 3. Average height and width of trial plants, measured on 31-July (approximately 4 weeks after planting). Height (in) Width (in) a Agastache Arcado Pink 19.0 11.3 Ageratum Hawaii 5-0 3.5 5.3 Bacopa Betty Pink 5.2 14.3 Bacopa Snowstorm White 4.2 12.3 Begonia Ambassador White 12.8 11.6 Begonia Baby Wing Pink 15.2 15.7 Begonia Bada Boom White 11.7 11.5 Begonia Big Red w/ Bronze Leaf 14.2 15.7 Begonia Big Red w/ Green Leaf 12.3 16.3 Begonia Breezy White 8.5 15.6 Begonia Go Go Rose 10.7 10.6 Begonia Santa Cruz Sunset 10.0 17.3 Begonia Senator White 12.5 10.7 Begonia Sparks Will Fly 7.5 7.8 Begonia Volumia Rose Bicolor 14.8 14.2 Begonia Volumia Scarlett 13.7 13.6 Begonia Whopper Red w/ Bronze Leaf 16.3 17.7 Browalia Bells Blue 10.3 9.4 Caladium Artful Fire and Ice 10.5 11.6 Caladium Artful Heartfire 7.8 10.3 Euphorbia Diamond Delight 8.0 11.2 Fuchsia Lena 5.5 10.8 Fuchsia (unknown cv) 5.8 6.7 Geranium Calliente Fire 10.5 11.3 Geranium Calliope Burgundy 8.7 12.3 Helichrysum 11.8 16.8 Heliotrope Scentropia Dark Blue 12.7 10.3 Hypoestes Splash Select Red 11.3 7.8 Impatiens Big Bounce Cherry 10.8 14.4 Impatiens Big Bounce Lavender 11.8 15.3 Impatiens Big Bounce Lilac 10.3 13.5 Impatiens Big Bounce Red 12.5 15.5 Impatiens Big Bounce Violet 9.3 13.8 Impatiens Big Bounce White 9.8 13.5 Impatiens Bounce Cherry 9.7 12.2 Impatiens Bounce Lilac 7.7 11.0 Impatiens Bounce Pink Flame 9.3 14.3 Impatiens Bounce Violet 7.7 13.1 Impatiens Bounce White 7.5 11.3 Impatiens Florific Red 2.8 6.6 Impatiens Florific Sweet Orange 2.2 5.9 Impatiens Florific White 3.7 6.8

Table 3. (cont d.) Height (in) Width (in) a Impatiens Infinity Red 7.3 10.5 Impatiens Paradise New Red 9.0 10.5 Impatiens Paradise White 8.0 10.4 Impatiens Pure Beauty White 9.2 10.3 Impatiens Ruffles Red 7.7 8.9 Impatiens Sonic Deep Red 8.5 11.7 Impatiens SunPatiens Compact Red 8.5 12.0 Impatiens SunPatiens Deep Rose 8.5 11.0 Impatiens SunPatiens White 11.7 13.3 Impatiens Super Sonic Orange Ice 10.2 12.2 Impatiens Super Sonic White 10.3 12.0 Ipomoea Blackie 7.3 19.1 Ipomoea Margarita 7.5 28.3 Ipomoea Sidekick Bronze 8.8 17.2 Iresine Blazin Lime 7.2 12.2 Lobelia Techno Heat Upright Dark Blue 7.5 9.4 Lobelia Techno Heat Upright Light Blue 8.7 11.5 Lobelia Techno Heat White 6.0 13.2 Lobularia Dark Knight 7.5 12.3 Lobularia Snow Princess 9.5 18.5 Nasturtium Whirlybird Mix 11.2 9.3 Nemesia Sunsatia Raspberry 12.2 28.8 Nierembergia Robe Purple 8.5 10.5 Oxalis 5.0 7.5 Petunia Easy Wave Burgundy Velour 9.5 12.8 Petunia Easy Wave Red Velour 8.0 11.1 Phlox Intensia Blueberry 5.8 10.8 Plectranthus Lobster Claw 5.8 13.6 Plectranthus Nicoletta 5.5 16.3 Salvia Ablazin Tobasco 19.2 9.8 Salvia Kauai White 7.7 10.2 Salvia Salsa Scarlett 10.7 7.5 Salvia Salsa White 13.5 8.6 Salvia Summer Wave Large Violet 6.7 14.5 Torenia Kauai Deep Blue 6.3 7.5 Viola Anytime Sunlight 5.3 8.7 Vinca Cora White 6.8 5.4 a 2 measurements taken at 90 degrees, then averaged

Some Observations and Comments Impatiens A total of 11 cultivars of New Guinea impatiens and a total of 14 cultivars of New Guinea impatiens interspecific hybrids with were included in the 2014 trial. Similar to 2013, New Guinea impatiens and their interspecific hybrids were among the top performers. As a group, the interspecific crosses ( SunPatiens and Bounce ) slightly outperformed the New Guinea impatiens; the interspecifc hybrids tested rated above average to outstanding and the New Guinea impatiens rated average to above average. New Guinea impatiens Florific Red, Sweet Orange and White generally rated poorly, though these cultivars were smaller in size and not in flower at the time of planting, which resulted in poor ratings in the first half of the season. Had more developed plants been planted, these cultivars might have had better season-long evalutaion scores. New Guinea impatiens and its interspecific hybrids should be considered excellent options for shade, but expect to see some variation in cultivar performance. Begonia In 2014, wax-leaf begonias (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum; Ambassador White, Bada Boom White, Senator White, Volumia Rose Bicolor, Volumia Scarlett ), Begonia x benariensis ( Big Red w/ Bronze Leaf, Big Red w/ Green Leaf, Whopper Red w/ Bronze Leaf ), Begonia x tuberhybrida ( Breezy White, Go Go Rose ), Begonia boliviensis ( Santa Cruz Sunset ), and Begonia x hybrida ( Baby Wing Pink, Sparks Will Fly ) were trialed. Similar to 2013 all wax-leafed begonias had great to outstanding landscape performance. Ambassador White, Volumia Rose Bicolor, and Volumia Scarlet were larger in size, almost approaching the height of begonia Big and Baby Wing Pink. Also similar to 2013, the cultivars of Begonia x benariensis trialed had outstanding landscape performance. Begonia x hybrida Baby Wing Pink had excellent landscape performance, performing similarly to the Begonia x benariensis in the trial. Begonia x tuberhybrida Go Go Rose had average to above average performance flowers were striking and colorful, but plants were not uniform in plant growth, flower quantity, or foliage quality. A few begonias tested were affected by disease: Begonia x hybrida Sparks Will Fly, Begonia x tuberhybrida Breezy White, and Begonia boliviensis Santa Cruz Sunset had poor evaluation scores as a result of bacterial leaf spot. Torenia Two upright forms of torenia were tested ( Kauai Deep Blue and Kauai White ) and one trailing form ( Summer Wave Large Violet ). Based on the 2013 and 2014 trials, expect better season-long landscape performance from the trailing types. The upright forms perform well in the early season, but their spent blooms become obvious and unattractive later in the season, diminishing their impact. Lobularia, Helioptrope, Nasturtium, Agastache, Lobelia These plants were the most surprising because they are not often recommended for shade and all had great season-long landscape performance. Lobularia Snow Princess and Dark Knight, heliotrope Scentropia Dark Blue, Nasturtium Whirlybird Mix, Agastache Arcado Pink, Euphorbia Diamond Delight, and Lobelia Techno Heat Upright Dark Blue, Techno Heat Upright Light Blue, and Techno Heat White were included in the 2014 trial. Consider these plants all good options for brightening up a shady spot. Some notes: some Agastache cultivars can easily reseed; euphorbia was less vigorous in shade; some spent flower blooms were noticeable and unattractive on lobelia in the late season. Foliage In 2014 various foliage plants were included: Caladium ( Artful Fire and Ice, Artful Heartfire ), Helichrysum, Hypoestes ( Splash Select Red ), Ipomoea ( Sidekick Bronze, Margarita, Blackie ), Plectranthus ( Lobster Claw, Nicoletta ), and Iresine ( Blazin Lime ). Ipomoea and Plectranthus had the highest evaluation scores for foliage plants in 2014, and Helichrysum had good performance until the end of the season. Hypoestes and Iresine had okay, but not great, performance. The caladium cultivars trialed in 2014 only had average landscape performance, a contrast to 2013 when the cultivars trialed ( Miss Muffet and Fanny Munson ) had great to outstanding performance. This could be a reflection of a difference in cultivar performance or the different environmental conditions between 2013 and 2014.

Browalia, Fuchsia Browalia and fuchsia have long been recommended for shade. While fuchsia is known to thrive in shade, the two cultivars included in this trial did not preform well in the landscape. Based on this limited trial, fuchsia seems best for containers or hanging baskets. Browalia had good, but not outstanding, performance. This is still a plant to recommend for shade, but if customers want higher impact and color perhaps steer them to other plants. Vinca, Petunia, Geranium Vinca (Catharanthus) is often suggested as an alternative to impatiens because some feel the plants look similar, and occasionally petunias and geraniums are suggested for shade or part shade. Vinca Cora White, petunia Easy Wave Burgundy Velour and Easy Wave Red Velour, and geranium Calliente Fire and Calliope Burgundy were trialed in 2014. All of these plants had season-long evaluation scores that were either below average or average. While these plants might sometimes have acceptable landscape performance, they are best in sun or part sun. Other Plants Oxalis had good to great evaluation scores, expect more impact from the foliage than the flowers. Salvia (S. splendens) might be another option for shade, but deadheading is likely necessary for best performance. The viola included in the 2014 trial had good performance for most of the season; it would be interesting to try other cultivars. Plants that only had acceptable landscape performance but might be worth trying again include Ageratum, Nierembergia, and Phlox; also Bacopa and Nemesia, but only for early season impact. Project work supported by NY Farm Viability Institute (NYFVI), C.J. Van Bourgondien, Inc., Colorful Gardens, Emerald Flora, Emma s Garden Growers, Jay Guild Greenhouses, Landcraft Environmentals, and Van de Wetering Greenhouses. Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County 423 Griffing Avenue, Suite 100, Riverhead, NY 11901-3071 Cornell Cooperative Extension in Suffolk County provides equal program and employment opportunities. Cornell Cooperative Extension is funded in part by Suffolk County through the office of the County Executive and the County Legislature.