L 3-1 Heritage Report: Reasons for Heritage Designation Peter Archdekin Farmhouse 4585 Mayfield Road December 2011 1
L 3-2 Profile of Subject Property Municipal Address 4585 Mayfield Road PIN Number 142250084 Roll Number 10-07-0-009-16800-0000 Legal Description CON 4 EHS PT LOT 17 RP 43R18639 PT PART 1 Ward Number 9 Property Name Current Owner Peter Archdekin Farmhouse Kettle Point Investors Inc. c/o Metrus Development Inc Owner Concurrence Current Zoning Agricultural Current Use(s) Vacant Construction Date Circa 1860 Notable Owners or Occupants Heritage Resources on Subject Property Archdekin Family Building; cultural heritage landscape Relevant Council Resolutions Additional Information 2
L 3-3 1. Introduction The property at 4585 Mayfield Road is worthy of designation under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act for its cultural heritage value or interest. The property meets the criteria for designation prescribed by the Province of Ontario under Ontario Heritage Act, Regulation 9/06 for the categories of design/physical value, historical/associative value, and contextual value. 2. Description of Property The Peter Archdekin Farmhouse at 4585 Mayfield Road (Mayfield Road and Dixie Road) is a one-and-a-half storey masonry house with a fieldstone foundation and an asphalt gable roof. The structure is sited away from the road and is surrounded by mature trees. The lot is a simple rectangular shape with a frontage along Mayfield Road, covering a total site area of 67.27 acres. The field to the west and south is agricultural and ploughed, while the field to the east is occupied by natural regeneration growth. 3. Statement of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest The cultural heritage value of 4585 Mayfield Road is related to its design or physical value as a one-and-a-half storey masonry farmhouse that is an exellent example of rural vernacular architecture with Gothic revival influences. The farmhouse represents a typical rural dwelling built during the late 19th century. The property exhibits several defining elements that were normative for homes built in the former Toronto Gore, including a central gabled dormer, decorative bardgeboard, radiating voussoirs, and quoins. Since the façade of the house appears to be in excellent condition, with no obvious alterations, the architectural merit is considered higher than many surviving examples of its kind. The property also has historical or associative value as it is associated to Brampton s early settlers, in particular the Archdeakin (also Archdeacon and Archdekin) family. Timothy Street was granted the Crown Patent for Lot 17, Concession 4, East of Hurontario Street, in 1820. Thomas Street was a saddler by trade and is said to have been granted lands in Chinguacousy in 1819 as partial compensation for his work in the survey of the township. Street sold all of the property to Benjamin Degrew in 1821. In 1837, 130 acres of the east part of the lot was sold to James Graham. The property changed owners several times from 1837 until 1863, when it was purchased by Peter Archdekin from William Forster. The present house seems to have been built in the midto-late 1860s. The Archdeacons arrived from Ireland in 1829 and were among the first to settle in the Mayfield area. Thomas and Matilda Gray Archdeakin gave birth to Peter Archdeakin in 1833. He served as a School Board Trustee in 1863, 1866 and 1869. Peter married Mary Speirs and had 9 children. 3
L 3-4 The 1877 Historical Atlas of Peel County indicates that the property was owned by Peter Archdeacon (Archdekin) and contained a residence with an orchard where the current house sits. The 1891 and 1901 Census Returns show that Thomas Archdekin, presumably a son of Peter, lived in the brick house on Lot 17. The lot also contained another house of frame construction on the east side where Peter Archdekin lived in 1891. Upon his death in 1898, Peter Archdekin subdivided the lot in two equal parts and granted them to his sons, Austin and Leo Gray. His will also stipulated that his surviving wife, Mary Speirs, had the right to live in the home on the homestead during her lifetime. She died in 1915. The Archdeacon family remained in the area throughout the years, farming and pursuing other forms of business. Jim Archdekin (son of Stan Archdekin) is most notably known for his long service to Brampton first as a member of town council and then as the Mayor of Brampton from 1969 until his death in 1982. Jim was one of Brampton s most popular mayors. At his funeral, more than 3,000 people paid their respects in what was perhaps the largest funeral the city had ever seen. His brother Elmore was also a notable Brampton resident, serving as a chairman for the Brampton Hydro Commission for 17 years. The 4585 Mayfield Road property also holds important contextual value. The house is associated with the area known as Mayfield Village, located at the intersection of the 3rd Line of Bramalea Road and Mayfield Road. It contained 50 people with a brick schoolhouse, a general store, a post office, a blacksmith shop and a hotel in 1877. The Peter Archdekin Farmhouse is one of the few surviving buildings from this former community. The property is also directly associated with the early settlement of Brampton and its rich agricultural legacy. Although the fields are no longer being farmed and other related structures are gone, the preserved farmhouse serves as a physical link between the past and the present. Through its preservation within the community, it continues to act as a reminder of the agricultural landscape that once dominated the area. 4. Description of Heritage Attributes Unless otherwise indicated, the reason for designation apply generally to all exterior elevations, facades, foundation, roof and roof trim, all doors, windows, other structural openings and associated trim, all architectural detailing, construction materials of wood, stone, brick, plaster parging, metal and glazing and related building techniques, fencing, all trees, shrubs, hedgerows, other vegetation and the grounds and vistas generally. To ensure that the cultural heritage value of this property is conserved, certain heritage attributes that contribute to its value have been specifically identified and they include: Centre gabled dormer with arched window, decorative bargeboard and finial Dichromatic brickwork including quoins, band, lozenges Radiating voussoirs with sawtooth brick detail 4
L 3-5 Stone window sills Red masonry construction Returned eaves Keystone Mature trees surrounding the house 5. Alteration History and Heritage Integrity 5.1 Alteration History The following are the known alterations to the subject property: The front door has been reduced in size and the windows have been changed There is a summer kitchen addition on the back 5.2 Recommended Restoration Measures The following recommendations for future restoration and conservation are included for information purposes only. They are provided for the benefit of present and future property owners. These recommendations are non-binding, and property owners are under no obligation to restore any lost or missing attributes or features. The recommendations were made in the Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment for Countryside Villages Block Plan 48-1 prepared by Scarlett Janusas and E.R.A. Architects: In a few areas, there is spalling near the foundation of the building; moderate areas of repointing and brick replacement/rebuilding will be required on the main house to replace spalled or missing bricks The interior of the house has suffered water damage at the second floor due to holes in the roofline; repair/replacement of the roof should be undertaken immediately Most of the rain gutters and flashings around the building are either damaged or missing, and the windows and doors will also require restoration and replacement 6. Archaeological Potential The subject property has no known archaeological value. 7. Policy Framework In the context of land use planning, the Province of Ontario has declared that the wise use and management of Ontario s cultural heritage resources is a key provincial interest. 5
L 3-6 A set of Provincial Policy Statements (PPS) provides planning policy direction on matters of provincial interest in Ontario. These statements set the policy framework for regulating the development and use of land. The current set of policies was last reviewed in 2005. At that time, the cultural heritage policies were strengthened considerably. The relevant heritage policy statement is PPS 2.6.1, which states that significant built heritage resources and significant cultural heritage landscapes shall be conserved. PPS 2.6.1 is tied to Section 3 of the Ontario Planning Act which stipulates that land use planning decisions by municipalities shall be consistent with the Provincial Policy Statements. The policy is also integrated with the Ontario Heritage Act. This piece of legislation grants municipalities powers to preserve locally significant cultural heritage resources through heritage designation. Decisions as to whether a property should be designated heritage or not is based solely on its inherent cultural heritage value or interest. City Council prefers to designate heritage properties with the support of property owners. However, Council will designate a property proactively, without the concurrence of a property owner as required. These principles are reflected in Brampton s Official Plan. The relevant policies are as follows: 4.9.1.3: All significant heritage resources shall be designated as being of cultural heritage value or interest in accordance with the Ontario Heritage Act to help ensure effective protection and their continuing maintenance, conservation and restoration. 4.9.1.5: Priority will be given to designating all heritage cemeteries and all Class A heritage resources in the Cultural Heritage Resources Register under the Ontario Heritage Act. 4.9.1.6: The City will give immediate consideration to the designation of any heritage resource under the Ontario Heritage Act if that resource is threatened with demolition, significant alterations or other potentially adverse impacts. In addition, Section 9 of The Countryside Villages Secondary Plan (Chapter 48b) states: 9.1 Conservation of cultural heritage resources within the Countryside Villages Secondary Plan Area shall be undertaken in accordance with Section 4.9 and other relevant policies of the Official Plan. For the purposes of this Chapter, cultural heritage resources shall include structures, sites, cultural landscapes, environments and vegetation, and artifacts, which are of historical, architectural or archaeological value, significance or interest. 6
L 3-7 9.2 The Cultural Heritage Map attached to this Chapter identifies those cultural heritage resources identified as Significant by the Heritage Study completed by Archaeological Services Inc. for the Countryside Villages Secondary Plan. 9.3 The Heritage Resources designations on the Cultural Heritage Map may be removed or relocated without the need for an amendment to this Chapter. 9.4 Proponents of development are encouraged to retain and conserve buildings of architectural or historic merit on their original sites, wherepossible, and to promote the integration of these resources into any plans which may be prepared for such development. 9.5 All development adjacent to or incorporating a heritage resource should, from an urban design perspective, be respectful of the resource, having regard for scale, massing, setbacks, materials and design features. 9.6 All development in the Countryside Villages Secondary Plan Area will require appropriate archaeological assessment to be undertaken in accordance with current technical guidelines and to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Culture. These principles are also guided by recognized best practices in the field of heritage conservation. 8. Acknowledgments Janusas, Scarlett and E.R.A. Architects. Countryside Villages Block Plan 48 1: Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment (DRAFT). October 31, 2011. Unterman McPhail Associates Loverseed, Helga V. Brampton: An Illustrated History. Windsor: Windsor Publications, Inc., 1987. Walker & Miles. Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel. [2000 Edition]. Campbellford: Wilson s Publishing Company Ltd., 1877. 7
L 3-8 9. Appendix Position of the principal structure within the 67.27 acre lot Figure 1: Aerial map of 4585 Mayfield Rd Figure 2: Aerial view of 4585 Mayfield Road showing mature vegetation surrounding the house. 8
L 3-9 Figure 3: Proposed development block plan showing the location of the retained house at 4585 Mayfield Road (KLM Planning Partners Inc) Figure 4: North elevation (Source: ERA Architects, 2010) 9
L 3-10 Figure 3: South elevation (Source: ERA Architects, 2010) Figure 4: West elevation (Source: ERA Architects, 2010) 10
L 3-11 Figure 5: East elevation (Source: ERA Architects, 2010) Figure 6: 4585 Mayfield Road taken from Mayfield Road illustrating the deep setback and trees surrounding the house (2008). 11
L 3-12 Figure 7: Centre-Gable roof with vargeboard, a finial, arched window, and dichromatic brick work (2008) Figure 8: Radiating voussoirs over windows with a keystone and sawtooth brick detail (2008) 12
L 3-13 Figure 9: Close-up of masonry wall revealing subtle dichromatic brickwork (2008) Figure 10: Front facade (2001) 13
L 3-14 Figure 10: Front façade (2011) 14