Building Codes & Standards for Healthcare
Building Codes and Standards AHJs Codes Defend in Place Walls Sprinklers Fire Alarm
Important Dates for Healthcare Facilities 7/5/16 NFPA Life Safety Code 101 2012 Edition adopted by CMS CMS Enforcement date: 11/1/16 TJC Enforcement date: 11/7/16 Wisconsin adopts NFPA 101 2012 Edition Enforcement: 10/1/17 Wisconsin adopts 2015 ICC codes along with FGI Guidelines 2014 Edition Ventilation only Enforcement: 5/1/18
Building Codes for Healthcare DHS 2012 LSC 101 Major Changes: Cooking Open to the Corridors Gas Fireplaces in sleeping compartments Fixed Furniture in 8 Corridor More Combustible Decorations Relative Humidity in OR s
New Referenced Codes and Standards 2012 LSC Categorical Waivers based on partial use of 2012 LSC NO longer applicable 2012 2012 HEALTH CARE CODE (Risk Based, Elec, Med Gas, Ventilation, Equip) 2010 2009 2011 2010 2012 Chapter 43 Building Renovations 2010 2010 2011 2010 2012 2011
National Fire Protection Association NFPA Health Care Facilities NFPA 99 2012 edition Chap 4 Risk Assessments Chap 5 / 11 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems and Equipment Chap 6 / 10 Electrical Systems and Equipment Chap 9 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditional (HVAC) Chap 14 Hyperbaric Facilities Chap 15 Features of Fire Protection
Unique Building Features in Healthcare Hospitals Compartmentalization creates the ability to defend in place
Unique Building Features in Healthcare Electrical distribution systems multiple Transfer Switches Isolated power systems with line isolation monitors or protect for wet locations in OR s or GFI s Life Safety Circuits for life support systems Must have Diesel Generator Back up
Unique Building Features in Healthcare Medical Gas systems
Unique Building Features in Healthcare Ventilation and smoke control
Unique Building Features in Healthcare Sprinklers
Conflicts Exist in Code Adoptions Most Restrictive Applies Codes are not always in alignment NFPA sometimes conflicts with ICC State can Adopt a more stringent rule Most restrictive rule or code applies The Difficulty plans cannot always clearly indicate what code standards are being applied to the existing construction.
DHS Plan Review Applications
State Level DSPS Department of Safety and Professional Services Building and Structures Plan Review ICC International Code Council IBC, Energy, Fuel Gas, Existing Building Code, and Mechanical Code State Plumbing, Elevator, Pressure Vessels (Boilers & Hyperbaric). SPS 316 Electrical NFPA 70 SPS 314 State Fire Prevention NFPA 1 Referenced: FGI Design Guidelines
OSHA and DNR Asbestos OSHA and DNR Asbestos OSHA 1910.1001(J)(2)i) Building & facility owners shall determine the presence, location and quantity of ACM and/or PACM at work site NR 447 Pre inspection is required prior to ANY demolition or renovation Demolition: Wrecking or taking out of any load supporting structural member Renovation: Altering a facility or one or more facility components in any way
OSHA and DNR Asbestos Identify friable and non friable materials Obvious loose or crumbling ACM or suspect ACM Floor coverings and/or mastics DNR FAQ s @ http://http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/demo/asbestosfaq.html The age of a building does not matter ACM are still made and available. Re use of materials also increases the possibility that asbestos containing materials may be in a newer buildings. Remember multiple regulators DNR, DHS, OSHA, EPA, and local AHJs E.G. Milwaukee Thanks to Bill Best for this info
OSHA Silica Rule
Design Standards FGI Guidelines Document Facilities Guidelines Institutes: Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Health Care State of Wisconsin: 2014 Edition in SPS 364 The Joint Commission : 2014 Edition Standard ASHRAE 170 HVAC provisions adoption by DSPS in 2018 Infection Control Risk Mitigation Ventilation of Construction Zone
FGI Ventilation Table (Partial)
Assisted Living Facilities State of Wisconsin: CBRF Community Based Residential Facility DHS 83 RCAC Residential Care Apartments Complex DHS 89 Adult Family Homes DHS 88 Small CBRF s (5 8 bed) per WCBC Code to UDC Uniform Dwelling Code
The Joint Commission Certification Management Plans: Environment of Care Environmental Safety, Security, Hazardous Materials and Waste, Fire Safety Medical Equipment Management, Utilities Systems CMS Validation Surveys by DHS Hospitals and Nursing Homes
Defend in Place Principle Smoke compartment walls and doors to provide measures of safety Divide building into zones Zones provide alternative evacuation options Horizontal evacuations (preferred) Vertical evacuation if necessary Building evacuation only if necessary
Life Safety Principles Save all patients and staff Control spread of fire Maybe extinguish fire at origin RACE: (Some Fire Departments like ACER ) R Rescue from room of origin A Activate alarm system C Contain the fire (close the door positive latch) E Evacuate or Extinguish (if possible)
Fire Safety Technology Sprinkler design Standard sprinkler heads all that available until 1990 s Quick response sprinkler heads Life savings and control of fire spread: New sprinkler heads have changed the Life Safety Code parameters and philosophy QR s defined new wall type Smoke Resistant Smoke Tight walls Formerly all walls rated like Fire Barriers Smoke Resistant walls require quality Maintenance
Fire Safety Technology Full Building Sprinkler Credits Construction Type Travel Distance Delayed Egress Locking Hazardous Room Enclosures Corridor Walls and Doors Smoke Dampers Window Sizes
Life Safety Plan
Walls Provide Time Critical Areas e.g.: Operating Rooms Nurseries NICU s ICU s CCU s Psychiatric Units Emergency Dept.
Wall Types: Sound Smoke Tight or Fire Rated Fire Walls Fire Barriers Smoke Barriers Shaft Enclosures Smoke Tight Walls Smoke Protection Only Sound Walls for FGI Requires Sound Privacy Acoustics Rated Walls have a FRR Fire Resistive Rating Smoke Tight Walls have a Zero 0 Rating but must be tight fitting CMS has a Gap Memo Conflict with NFPA 101 and IBC regarding smoke tight ceilings
Walls Functional Uses Building Separations Fire Walls Occupancy Separations Fire Barriers Hazardous Areas Separations Fire Barriers Vertical Separations: Shafts Stairs / Equipment Smoke / Fire Barrier Compartments Corridor Walls Smoke Tight or Fire Partitions Horizontal Exits Used in the place of Stairs for Exit Distance Compliance Stair Extensions Exit Passageways Horizontal Tunnel or Shaft
Smoke Barrier compartment or Smoke Zones 1 Hour Fire Barrier Wall Wall Floor to Deck Exterior to Exterior Doors 20 minute Must self close. No Latching Required but allowed Higher Ratings Than 1 Hour Will Require Additional Hardware Smoke Zones
Room Separation Smoke Tight Walls Only Approved Automatic Sprinkler System (AASS) Philosophical Change: Fire Barrier Separation Evacuation Critical QR Residential Heads Sprinkler Protection Sprinklers Heads As Life Saving Devices Glass Allowed but Smoke Tight Walls? Reduction in Barriers and Dampers Use +
Building Separations Fire Barriers
Fire Barriers & Door Assemblies Hazardous Areas: Soiled utility rooms Store & supply rooms size critical on design? Equipment Rooms? Oxygen storage rooms Mechanical & boiler rooms Trash & chute rooms Maintenance shops Paint shops
Floors Shafts Smoke Containment Mechanical Rooms & Shaft Design Vertical Sections of Hospitals Floor to Floor Separation Shaft to Floor Floor Penetrations
Open Stairs & Shaft Walls Connecting Floor Levels: Stairs Ventilation Shafts Pipe Shafts Electrical Shafts Lobbies Atriums Open Stair Exceptions Smoke Control
Smoke Barrier Doors & Walls
Smoke Barrier Compartment Zones Define Areas of Refuge w/ Horizontal Evacuation: Options to Total Evac. RACE Terminology Rescue Alarm Control Evacuate or Extinguish
Security Doors Special Locking or Access Control
Questions?