Cost Effective Home Automation System Kiran Buktare 1, Ganesh Chainpure 2, Onkar Mamilwad 3, Pradip More 4 and R. A. Patil 5 1,2,3,4 B.Tech. Students, Department of Electrical Engineering, V.J.T.I., Mumbai 5 Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, V.J.T.I., Mumbai Abstract Home Automation refers to control the electronic appliances in the house automatically. Now-adays, people are being attracted towards smart home system. The main objective of this project has been followed by considering old aged people and differently abled people. The home automation is one of the most emerging trends in modernization of home appliance control. Presently, conventional wall switches are located in different parts of the house and one has to physically go near them and press them to turn the loads on/off. It becomes very difficult for the differently abled people to do so. In this project, we are controlling electrical appliances such as- fan, light, corridor light by using sensor like temperature sensor, light sensor etc. in automated way. Also, we are dealing with security of home by using door lock, fire extinguisher etc. The next advanced feature of this project is to determine the cost of electricity that has been used in every electronic device so that the optimization can be achieved. Index Terms Arduino, Home automation, Microcontroller. I. INTRODUCTION In the present day, security systems play an important role in the protection of lives and investment. This is achieved by the incorporation of various subsystems into the security system [1], [6] with a single control unit such as intruder control by door- lock feature, fire detection, etc. [2] a smart home is one that is equipped with lighting, heating, and electronic devices that can be controlled in automatic way. Home automation system focuses on controlling home electrical devices whether you are inside or outside your home. A home appliance is a device or instrument designed to perform a specific function, especially an electrical device, such as a fan. The words appliance and devices are used interchangeably. Automation is today s fact, where things are being controlled automatically, usually the basic tasks of turning ON/OFF certain devices. [4]Automation lowers the human judgment to the lowest degree possible but does not completely eliminate it. Assume a system, where all appliances can be controlled based on sensors such as IR sensor, fire sensor, temperature sensor [5] without access of user. The user could find a very comfortable, pleasant home. The system is designed with Arduino and Arduino are increasingly being used to implement control systems. Since the system is intended to control the devices, it is therefore important to understand micro-controllercontrolled system well [4]. Nowadays with the advancement of technology particularly in the field of Arduino, all the activities in our day-to-day living have become part of information technology and we find controllers in each and every application. Thus, the trend is directing towards micro-controller based project works. The Arduino is therefore, a selfcontained device, which does not require a host of associated support chips for its operation as conventional microprocessors [6] do. It offers several advantages over conventional multi-chip systems. There is a cost and space advantage as extra chip costs and printed circuit board and connectors required to support multi-chip systems are eliminated. The other advantages include cheaper maintenance, decreased hardware design effort and decreased board density, which is relevant in portable control equipment. Low cost high volume products requiring a relatively simple and cheap computer controller have traditionally characterized Arduino. II. LITERATURE REVIEW As per our survey currently there exists system neither at cheaper rates nor easy to handle. Various systems are hard to install, difficult to use and maintain. Current systems are generally proprietary, closed and not very user friendly. Based on Arduino or GSM or low cost home security system and home automation system we discuss some system in detail as below: a. Advanced low cost security system using sensors, Arduino and GSM communication module:- In this importance of home security measures are elaborated using easily available programmable sensors like PIR sensors. This also helps in the IJIRT 144519 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 104
variation and also maintains low cost. Digital Signal Processors and finger print reading which can be added to the current installation of security system so As to eliminate any occurring ambiguities in the current system. Also the work for developing a smart GUI using an Android application is under the purview with Ethernet servers using an HTTPS internet website, so as to communicate with the standalone system from anywhere. This will also help in the versatility and bring down the operation cost. b. Home automation using Arduino UNO: In this system we required Arduino UNO, Remote controller. By connecting all connection correctly apply a simple C or C++ code on Arduino. Sensor senses the motion so that it will give alert to user. User can control the system by remote controller. c. GSM based Control system: The extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the convenience of a simple phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any electrical device. This makes it possible for users to rest assured that their belongings are secure and that an electrical appliance was not left running when they left the house. control signals from the micro-controller to the electronic device used to achieve the switching action. Five different push button switches are used in door lock mechanism, when the predetermined password is pressed by user, this appeals enhanced security to our system. Another IR sensor is used. In corridor, when a person enters the corridor the led glows on. Fire sensor is connected to the system. When the fire is detected, the relay turns ON, which results in starting of water sprinkler mechanism. A 16x2 LCD display is used for displaying the different actions such as unit consumption of electricity, temperature of the system. So that, the user will be aware of consumption of electricity for different actions, while operating different devices in the home. For this, the circuit consisting of the current transformer followed by bridge rectifier and filter is used. The current transformer converts a high value AC current to the lower value DC current, this current is further fed to a rectifier for removal of the unwanted DC components from it, and the output of the rectifier is given to the filter for smooth DC current to the Arduino board. d. Implementation of home automation system: The home automation system has been experimentally proven to work satisfactorily by connecting sample appliance were successfully controlled from a wireless mobile device. The Bluetooth client was successfully tested on different mobile phones from different manufactures, thus proving its portability and wide compatibility. III. BLOCK DIAGRAM The basic block diagram of the smart home system is shown in figure. A micro-controller is used to obtain values of physical conditions through sensors connected to it. These integrated sensors such as IR sensor is connected at the entrance of the room, which detects the person when entered. The temperature sensor read temperature values and display it on LCD. When the temperature raises over the threshold value of 30ºC, the motor driver turns on and fan starts. The automatic switching of the light is controlled by the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) which determines the day light intensity. A relay switch is used to send IV. Fig.3.1: Block Diagram SYSTEM HARDWARE 1. Arduino Mega: This module is the heart of the Home Automation and Security system. The Arduino Mega 2560 is a IJIRT 144519 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 105
microcontroller board based on the ATmega1280 (datasheet). It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is compatible with most shields designed for the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila. The Arduino Mega can be programmed with the Arduino Software (IDE). 2. Sensors: In this project, four sensors are used and they are as follows: A) IR sensors. B) Temperature sensor (LM35). C) Light sensor (L14G2). D) Fire sensor. An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure the heat of an object, as well as detect motion. IR transmitter always emits the IR (Infrared) rays, which have to be received by IR receiver. When user came in front of IR sensor, the transmitted IR rays are reflected back to the IR receiver, as a result, the system will be aware of presence of human being. The temperature sensor used is LM35, whose electrical output proportional to the temperature (Centigrade). It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. Once the presence of Human being is confirmed (using IR sensor), this sensor measures Temperature. If temperature exceed 30ºC, then ceiling fan will be activated. L14G2 is an NPN phototransistor. It acts as a photodetector in the sense that it can convert the incident light into electric response. This sensor switches off the bulb during day time, even if human enters the room. The flame sensor infrared receiver module can detect a flame or light source of wavelength from 760nm to 1100nm. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted using the potentiometer provided. The circuit uses a LM393 comparator. If the flame is detected, then water sprinkler mechanism get started in the home. 3. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module. LCDs are economical, easily programmable and have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters. Here, 16x2 LCD module is used to display temperature in ºC, consumption of electricity in terms of unit and status of door (opened or closed),immediately after typing of password. 4. Relay: Relay boards are an array of relays and switches. They have input and output terminals and are designed to control the voltage supply. This provide independently programmable, real-time control for each of several onboard relay channels. The relays used in the system are 5V relay. Two Relay Boards are used in the system. One for bulb and another for water sprinkler. 5. Switches: A switch is a component which controls the openness or closeness of an electric circuit. They allow control over current flow in a circuit. Switches are critical components in any circuit which requires user interaction or control. Here, 5 switches are used in the system. Switches are assigned with particular values, and when user presses particularly assigned combination, it will open the door. V. SYSTEM SOFTWARE Arduino is an open source, computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board Fig. 5.1: Schematic Diagram IJIRT 144519 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 106
microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world. The Arduino s products are distributed as open-source hardware and software. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino project provides an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project. VI. RESULTS The system allows control to appliances by using different sensors. This home automation system is practically implemented and thus the results are obtained. Results of this automation system are as follows: Fig. 6.1 shows the opening of door, when appropriate switches are pressed. Fig 6.2. shows water sprinkler, when flame is detected by fire sensor. Fig. 6.3 shows LCD display of temperature value and unit consumption of electricity Fig. 6.1 shows the opening of door, when appropriate switches are pressed Fig. 6.2: shows water sprinkler, when flame is detected Fig. 6.3: shows LCD display of temperature value and unit consumption of electricity VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE The designed system appears to be cost effective home automation system yet an efficient one. This home automation system has been proven to work satisfactorily. The designed system not only monitors the sensor data like temperature, human presence, and flame with the help of sensors but actuates a process according to the requirement. The system appears to be reliable for old aged people and differently abled persons. Home security is obtained by door keypad lock. Future scope for the home automation systems involves making homes even smarter. It can be extended by the usage of security camera in order to monitor the activities around the home. The capacitive sensing switches can be used to replace push buttons implemented in low voltage activated switches. The next step would be to extend this system to automate a large scale environment, such as offices and factories. All the data gathered by sensors can be stored on cloud which can be further analysed to predict future demands and requirements, increasing efficiency and saving cost. Thus, this system can be extended for smart city and smart parking using Internet of Things (IoT). REFERENCES [1] Deepali Javale, Mohd. Mohsen, Shreerang Nandewar, Mayur Shingate, Home Automation and Security using Android ADK, March, 2013. [2] Raj Sharma, Chirag, Pranjal katara, Vishnu Shankar Proceedings of IEEE TechSym 2014 Satellite Conference VIT University, Paper on IJIRT 144519 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 107
Advanced Low-Cost Security system using sensors, Arduino and GSM communication module. [3] E. Yavuz, B. Hasan, I. Serkan and K. Duygu. "Safe and Secure PIC Based Remote Control Application for Intelligent Home, Volume 7, No. 5,May-2007. [4] Muhammad Izhar Ramli, Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Nabihah, "Towards Smart Home: Control Electrical Devices Online", 2006. [5] N. Sriskanthan and Tan Karand. "Bluetooth Based Home Automation System". Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol.26, pp. 281-289, 2002. [6] Kaur, I., "Microcontroller Based Home Automation System with Security", International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Vol. 1, No. 6, 2010. IJIRT 144519 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 108