Subject Name: RESERVOIR AND FARM POND DESIGN (2+1) CONTENTS (Name of Course Developer: Prof. B. C. Sahoo and Prof. S. N. Panda, AgFE Department, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302) Module 1: Fundamentals of Reservoir and Farm ponds Lesson 1: Introduction to rainwater harvesting 1.1 Definition and Scope of rainwater harvesting 1.2 History of rainwater harvesting 1.3 Need and importance of rainwater harvesting 1.4 Components of rainwater harvesting Lesson 2: Land Drainage Systems Hydrological Aspects of Water Harvesting 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Hydrological Cycle and Water Balance 2.3 Hydrological Characteristics 2.4 Factors Affecting Runoff 2.5 Runoff Models Suitable for Water Harvesting Lesson 3: Identification of Areas Suitable for Water Harvesting 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Parameters for identifying suitable areas 3.3 Methods of Data Acquisition 3.4 Tools Lesson 4: Reservoir/dam and Farm ponds 4.1 Definition 4.2 Classification of dams 4.3Selection criteria of a dam 4.4Introduction and Classification Farm Ponds Lesson 5: Earthen Embankments 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basic terminologies Lesson 6: Earthen Embankment Classification 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Hydraulic-fill method 6.3 Rolled-fill method
Module 2: Basic Design Aspect of Reservoir and Farm Pond Lesson7: Components of embankment 7.1 Cutoff trenches 7.2 Core 7.3 Casing 7.4 Internal drainage system Lesson8: Basic Design Concept I 8.1 Site Selection 8.2 General design considerations for earth dam Lesson 9: Basic Design Concept II 9.1 Catchment and Reservoir Yield 9.2 Computing Design or Dependable Catchment Yield. 9.3 Flow Duration Curves for Computing Dependable Flow Lesson 10: Design of Dam Components 10.1 Top width 10.2 Free board 10.3 Cutoff trench 10.4 Central impervious core 10.5 Casing or outer shell 10.6Internal drainage system 10.7Slope protection 10.8 Surface drainage 10.9 Impervious blanket 10.10Design of Spillway 10.11 Basic Design Requirements Module 3: Seepage and stability analysis of reservoir and farm ponds Lesson 11: Seepage through Dam 11.1 Definition and Basic Concept 11.2 Darcy's law 11.3 Flow Variables 11.4 Laplace's equation of continuity Lesson 12: Estimation of Seepage Flow 12.1Introduction 12.2 Dupuit s Solution 12.3 Solution of Schafferank and van Iterson 12.4Freeboard and Wave Protections 12.5 Seepage Charts
Lesson 13: Determination of Location of Seepage Line 13.1 Phreatic Line in Earth Dam 13.2 Derivation of Phreatic Line with Filter 13.3 Equation of Parabola 13.4 Phreatic Line in Earthen Dam without Filter Lesson 14: Flow Net 14.1 Streamlines and Equipotential Lines 14.2 Flow Nets 14.3 Characteristics of Flow Nets Lesson 15: Seepage Analysis I 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Permeability of Layered Deposits 15.3 Flow Nets for Soil with Anisotropic Permeability 15.4 Seepage in Anisotropic Soil: Example Lesson 16: Seepage Analysis II 16.1 Stability condition during Steady Seepage 16.2 Stability of Upstream Slope during Sudden Drawdown Lesson17: Failure and Damages I 17.1Nature and Importance 17.2Slope Stability Failures 17.3Piping Failures 17.4 Overtopping Failures 17.5 Foundation Failures Lesson 18: Failure and Damages II 18.1 Causes of Earthen Dam Failure 18.3 Structural Failures Lesson 19: Control of Seepage Using Drainage System 19.1 Seepage Control through Embankments 19.2 Seepage Control through Foundations 19.3 Design criteria of filters Lesson 20: Stability Analysis I 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Infinite Slope Analysis 20.3 Location of Critical Circles Lesson 21: Stability analysis II 21.1 Slices Method of Stability Analysis 21.2 Swedish Slip Circle Method 21.3 Location of the Centre of the Critical Slip Circle
Lesson 22: Stability Analysis III 22.1 Significance of Pore-water Pressure in the Design of Earth Dam 22.2 Consolidation 22.3 Stability Charts Lesson 23: Stability Analysis IV 23.1 Foundation Stability against Shear 23.2 Seismic Stability of Earth Dam Lesson 23: Risk and Reliability analysis of farm ponds and reservoir Module 4: Construction of Reservoir and Farm Ponds Lesson 25: Construction 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Setting the Dam Site 25.3 Compaction Equipment and Techniques 25.4 Site clearing and preparation 25.5 Settlement 25.6 Spillway 25.7 Embankment Constructing 25.8 Embankment 25.9 Earth Work Lesson 26: Operation and Maintenance of Water Harvesting 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Implementing water harvesting systems 26. 3 Considerations in implementation 26.4 Operating water harvesting systems 26.5 Maintaining water harvesting systems 26.6 Monitoring and evaluation 26.7 Extension and training Module V: Economic Analysis of Farm Pond and Reservoir Lesson 27: Introduction to Economic Analysis 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Initial Investment 27.3 Variable Cost 27.4 Annual Returns from Irrigation 27.5 Present worth Analysis Lesson 28: Economic Indicators 28.1 Net present Value 28.2 Benefit cost-ratio
28.3 Internal Rate of Return 28.4 Payback period Module VI: Miscellaneous Aspects on Reservoir and Farm Pond Lesson 29: Water quality of harvested water and environmental considerations 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Water harvested for human consumption 29.3 Water harvested for crop production 29.4 Water quality considerations related to water harvesting systems 29.5 Impacts on downstream ecosystems and biodiversity Lesson 30: Method to Reduce Seepage and Evaporation Losses 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Evaporation losses in farm pond 30.3 Estimation of evaporation 30.4 Selection of site for evaporimeter 30.5 Types of evaporimeters 30.6 Reduction of evaporation loss from pond 30.7 Seepage losses in farm pond 30.8 Methods to reduce seepage losses Lesson 31: Runoff Inducement Methods 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Methods for improving runoff 31.3 Advantages and disadvantages 31.4 Further considerations Lesson 32: Other Water Harvesting Structures 32.1 Negarim micro-catchments 32.2 Contour bunds for trees 32.3 Semi-circular bunds 32.4 Contour ridges for crops 32.5 Trapezoidal bunds 32.6 Contour stone bunds 32.7 Permeable rock dam 32.8 Water spreading bunds