AC Quality Care Rebate Program Technician Training and SA Mobile Introduction

AC Quality Care Rebate Program Technician Training and SA Mobile Introduction

Build It Green Energy Savings Assistance AC Quality Care Rebate Program Technician Training and SA Mobile Introduction

Title 24 Slides The following series of slides indicates the information presented is part of the California Title 24 Part 6, requirements. All other slides are part of Build It Green, PG&E Quality Maintenance Program.

3 Why are there programs? Energy Consumption per Capita

4 Why are there programs? Growth of Central Air Conditioning

5 Why are there programs? Residential Peak Usage

PG&E ACQC ACCA 4 Quality Maintenance Program

Understanding this Manual The following slides have these indicators in the bottom left corner: ACCA Standard 4 ACQC Program Requirement SA Mobile Building Science Best Practices 7

Agenda and Objectives Program Details What is the ACCA Standard 4? (Air Conditioning Contractors of America) ACQC Objectives (Air Conditioning Quality Care) Introducing SA Mobile Installation + Loading the app The Homeowner Interview Adding a Unit 8

Agenda and Objectives The ACQC Assessment Checklist 7.1 Air Distribution Checklist 7.3 Gas Furnace Checklist 7.6 Evaporator Coil Checklist 7.7 Condensing Unit Refrigeration Charge Adjustment Inspections Approved Motors & Relays Approved Tools Toolkit Safety 9

AC Quality Care Objectives After assessment, you should be able to: Explain why Airflow is critical Perform the ACCA 4 inspections using the SA Mobile application Recommend retrofits needed to achieve minimum airflow Assess duct repair work 10

Program Details PG&E s AC Quality Care Rebate Program utilizes the ACCA Standard 4, which supports increased HVAC performance baseline conditioning and enhanced planned maintenance of HVAC units. 11

Program Details Contractors and technicians participating in this program use their expertise to make their customer s HVAC systems more energy efficient helping to accomplish a Peak Load Reduction in the State of California. 12

Program Details All homeowners could benefit from the type of service and communication that will be learned here today. Unfortunately not all of your customers can benefit from the rebates offered as part of the AC Quality Care Rebate Program. Old or deteriorated equipment may need replacement. 13

Technician Qualifications Technician(s) must have a minimum of two years HVAC field service, EPA certification type II or Universal and approval by BIG. Technician(s) must be listed on exhibit D and receive approval by BIG prior to program participation. Technician(s) must attend a one day Technical Training and pass the Technical Training Quiz at the conclusion of the training. 14

Customer Eligibility To participate in this program, customers must: Live in a home with PG&E electrical serviced to address, gas can be any provider including propane. Live in a detached Single- Family Residence or Duplex. NO MOBILE, or MODULAR HOMES. Have a Central Forced Air Conditioner or Heat Pump 15

ACCA Standard 4

What is the ACCA Standard 4? Residential HVAC Maintenance Standard Developed by contractors, manufacturers and mechanical engineers Written as an ANSI Standard (American National Standards Institute) Sets a minimum acceptable level of maintenance for residential systems 17

Goal of the ACCA Standard 4 The checklists that make up the standard were written to ensure that HVAC systems: Perform Reliably Provide Occupant Comfort Maintain Indoor Air Quality Operate in an Energy Efficient manner 18

What does the ACCA Standard 4 do? Sets inventory, inspection, and maintenance requirements for residential systems. Systems such as split systems, packaged DX, furnaces, heat pumps, as recognized in the ACQC Program. 19

What does the ACCA Standard 4 do? ONLY Split Systems, Packaged DX, Natural Gas, Propane, oil Furnaces, and Heat Pumps are eligible for this program that have PG&E Electric Single Family and Duplex Homes 3 stories or less Neither ACCA 4 nor this program supersedes any environmental, health or safety regulations 20

PG&E ACQC Program Introducing SA Mobile

The SA Mobile Application SA Mobile is an HVAC management software with patented refrigeration diagnostic algorithms. Key Aspects of SA Mobile: Maintenance Task Check Lists Data Collection and Storage Data Access and Report Generation Recommended Repairs 22

Installing the SA Mobile Application On the Home Screen you will find Applications that have been installed and shipped with your Device. Locate your Device s Web Browser and tap to launch. Google Chrome is the recommended browser for SA Mobile. Internet connection required for initial installation 23

Loading the SA Mobile Application If you have an Internet Connection your browser should open to your default Home Page. Tap on the Web Address Bar to begin to typing the address where SA Mobile can be found for download to your Device. 24

Loading the SA Mobile Application Enter https://mysamobile.com and tap the Go button to begin your Download. The installation of the Software is automatic but could take several minutes to complete depending on your connection speed and signal strength. Download progress will indicate the status of the Software transfer. 25

Creating a New Customer Site To create a Site you will need the Customer s: Name Address City and State Phone Number Utility Tap in the Name Cell to Activate the cursor and Keyboard. Customer Name is required to start a site. 26

Creating a New Customer Site You have now created and opened a Customer s Site. From this screen you can: Check Site location for accuracy Call the Customer Complete Specialized Site Tasks Create and Add Units 27

Conducting the Homeowner Interview Talking to your customer is as important as any service you, the technician, provide. A simple dialogue will: Put your customer at east by making them feel heard. Set expectations around your visit by discussing what will be accomplished. 28 Give you specific areas for improvement that, when addressed, will leave your customer completely satisfied.

Conducting the Homeowner Interview Before getting started you should talk to your customer about some of the simpler, often overlooked, things like: Comfort in the home Operation of the system Specific areas of concern Keeping this conversation in mind will bring a new level of focus to every task you accomplish. Listening has been undervalued. 29

Conducting the Homeowner Interview Example SA Mobile screenshot for homeowner interview 30

Reporting to Customer Code Violations - Identify and report code issues or concerns to the customer. Performance Objectives: Manufacturer s performance data. Homeowner requirements for safety, efficiency and comfort. Condition of existing duct system. Appliance Safety issues. 31

Adding a Unit Creating an inventory is as easy as reading a few nameplates. The information entered will help track the equipment you encounter and set thresholds used when evaluating a systems performance. Care should be taken when entering data because this information will become a permanent record for this equipment. 32 This record can be used for tracking, reporting, and analyzing system performance.

Adding a Unit Select Add Unit. Once the unit has been named and unit type selected, you will need to provide some information on the following: Air Handler Make Model Serial Indoor Metering Device Drive Type Speed Control Condenser Make Model Serial System Efficiency Refrigerant Subcooling Goal System Capacity And DON T forget the PG&E Sticker Number! 33

The ACQC Assessment

ACQC Assessment In the performance of the ACCA 4 Inspection, data is collected and recorded in SA Mobile. The HVAC system is cycled to determined proper functionality. Filters must be replaced at the time of the ACQC ACCA 4 Assessment dated and initialed by Tech. Condensers must be washed and fins straightened at Assessment. 35

ACQC Assessment A customer insisting that he/she keep his filter or in the event the filter is clean upon inspection, that information should be noted on the filter as well as the date of the filter inspection. If the External Static Pressure is greater than 1.0 IWC, explain to the customer the performance impact this will have on the system. Reduced airflow Potential icing of coil and compressor damage Refrigeration charge adjustment can only be performed after the assessment has been completed. 36

ACQC Assessment Condensers that are 15% or more deteriorated may not participate in a Refrigeration Charge Adjustment unless properly repaired when practical, or replaced. Refrigeration Charge Adjustment can be performed at anytime after the Assessment has been performed as long as the home is still eligible under the ACQC Program and that the External Static Pressure is between 0.5 and 1.0 IWC. 37

ACCA Standard 4 Requirements Documentation (Section 5.0) for the maintenance program should include at least: Inventory of the HVAC equipment, controls, components and accessories A list of inspection and maintenance tasks Code violations Performance objectives External conditions Inaccessible items Catastrophic duct disconnects or blockages Zoning controls and/or bypass issues Recommended corrective actions 38

Maintenance Inspection Tasks Quality Maintenance Program Requires Completion of the following ACCA 4 Checklists: Checklist Equipment 7.1 Air Distribution System 7.3 Gas Furnace 7.6 Evaporator Coil 7.7 Condensing Unit 39

Checklist 7.1 Air Distribution

CEC Title 24 Ducts Sheet metal duct and collar sealing 41

CEC Title 24 Ducts Sheet metal fittings to flex duct connections using Mastic 42

CEC Title 24 Ducts Sheet metal fittings to flex duct connections using Mastic 43

CEC Title 24 Ducts Proper flex duct mounting and routing to maintain aerodynamic air flow 44

7.1 The Air Distribution System More than 30% of Residential ductwork falls short when we consider Sizing, Sealing, Routing, and Insulation Problems in these areas lead to a host of problems including: Hot and cold zones in the home Increased energy costs Decreased indoor air quality 45

7.1 The Air Distribution System Duct Air Flow Capacity Assessment Foundation for Duct Retrofit and Restoration Duct system assessment Visual inspection Return plenum ducts Supply plenum ducts Inspect all duct, plenum, and boot connections for proper seal Turn on blower in high speed or cooling mode and check for air flowing out of each register 46

7.1 The Air Distribution System Duct system assessment Inventory duct sizes to achieve a minimum of 350 cfm/ton. Record filter size and return air register size in SA Mobile to determine if it is sized correctly. Open all registers when testing airflow to ensure air is being supplied to all registers. 47

System Assessment Test In The first section you will need to complete is the Test In Section This is the as found condition of the equipment on site Any improvements or repairs will be listed here for discussion with the homeowner Tap on 7.1 Air Distribution System to get started 48

CFM/Nominal Ton Dry Climate Cooling System Airflow (California) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 31 61 49

7.1 The Air Distribution System Walking through SA Mobile s Air Distribution Checklist will bring to the surface everything that a home s duct system might need. This check list focuses on the systems: Filter type and airflow potential Supply and Return Sizing Need for sealing Insulation 50

7.1 The Air Distribution System Procedure Sum potential air flow using SA Mobile Air Distribution Test In 7.1 Compare to target air flow (350 cfm/ton) Done for both supply and return Determine filter grill or return grill size and filter size If automatic damper zoning installed follow enhanced procedures (test with both zones open and check the functionality of the zone system) Enter supply and return duct sizing in SA Mobile and the condition of all duct connections in Air Distribution Test In 7.1 51

Three Types of Pressure 1. STATIC Bursting pressure. The pressure exerted against the sides of the duct. 2. VELOCITY The pressure created by the flow of air through the duct. 3. TOTAL The combined effect of both static and velocity pressure. 52

External Static Pressure This is a combination of all the static pressure (return and supply) outside of the air handler. Abbreviated as ESP. Return pressure, which is negative, and supply pressure, which is positive, is added together without regard for positive or negative to arrive at the total external static pressure. Every furnace and air handler has a blower performance table. 53

External Static Pressure (cont.).5 in. -.5.4.3.2.1 0 +.1 +.2 +.3 +.4 +.5 External Static Pressure is the Total Difference Between Supply and Return Pressure. 54

Probe Locations The supply probe is installed at the supply discharge of the air handler with the probe pointing into the supply air stream. The return probe is installed at the return air entry point of the air handler with the probe pointing into the return air stream. 55

Pressure Drop, IWC Cooling Airflow External Static Pressure by Component 1.4 1.2 1.0 Supply 0.8 Coil 0.6 Return 0.4 0.2 0.0 1 28 56

7.1 The Air Distribution System: The Filters SA Mobile s Filter Calculations evaluate the filter(s) impact on the system by determining the airflow potential and comparing it to the system s requirements. We begin by counting the number of stand alone filters and filter returns and entering them in to SA Mobile. 57

Example Filter Trion Air Bear MERV 8 Media Filter Replacement 5 in. x 16 in. x 25 in. (3/Case) Installation Location: Filter Cabinet Media Dimensions - Nominal Width (in.): 16 Media Dimensions - Nominal Length (in.): 25 Media Dimensions - Nominal Thickness (in.): 5 Media Dimensions - Actual Width (in.): 15-3/4 Media Dimensions - Actual Length (in.): 24-1/4 Media Dimensions - Actual Thickness (in.): 5 MERV Rating: 8 Rated Air Flow (CFM): 1400 Pressure Drop at 600 CFM (in. W.C.): 0.04 Pressure Drop at 800 CFM (in. W.C.): 0.08 Pressure Drop at 1000 CFM (in. W.C.): 0.12 Pressure Drop at 1200 CFM (in. W.C.): 0.18 Pressure Drop at 1400 CFM (in. W.C.): 0.24 Cross Reference / Fits Models: 84-25050-06 58

59 2013 Table 150.0-C (For new duct installation)

60 2013 - Table 150.0 - D (For new duct installation)

Common Pressure Drops (PD) Component Cooling coil Filters Pleated Filters Electrostatic Filters Disposable RA Grilles and SA Diffusers ACCA Manual D Transitions, Boots Elbows, (Use Turning Vanes) Pressure Drops IWC 0.15-0.50 0.10-0.45 0.20-0.80 0.05-0.30 0.02-0.15 0.03 0.05-0.35 0.01-0.10 61

62 Interesting Report prepared by Davis Energy Building America 2009 Annual Report Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings

63 Interesting Report prepared by Davis Energy Building America 2009 Annual Report Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings

64 Interesting Report prepared by Davis Energy Building America 2009 Annual Report Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings

7.1 The Air Distribution System The Return The System Return Select the duct connection and location from the appropriate drop down menu Count the number of return air duct trunks and enter a quantity in the space provided Select the shape of the duct from the drop down menu Next enter the dimensions for each trunk 65

7.1 The Air Distribution System The Supply The System Supply Select the duct location from the appropriate drop down menu Count the number of supply duct trunks and enter a quantity in the space provided Select the shape of the duct from the drop down menu Next enter the dimensions for each trunk 66

7.1 The Air Distribution System The Inspection The Inspection Section Please note the filter type Inspect the supply plenum, connections, and seams Inspect for disconnected ducts Inspect platform returns In situations where the technician finds any of these areas to be unacceptable a proposed solution will be entered in the space provided 67

7.1 The Air Distribution System The Inspection Duct Sizing As it turns out, undersized duct systems with highfriction fittings, major air leaks, excessive run lengths, and crippling twists, kinks, and bends are the norm in the U.S., not the exception. A 1994 Department of Energy study estimated that nationwide, heating and cooling systems were operating at 60% of the designed airflow because of undersized ductwork. 68

CEC Title 24 Ducts Flex Duct R-values for various insulation thicknesses 69

Duct System Repair All work to use UL181 materials and T24 standards approved methods. All accessible duct work treated Major sites of leakage Take-off collars on plenums where are the highest pressures Sheet metal fittings Duct board triangles and boxes Boot connection to duct and gap between boot and drywall or floor 70

Duct System Repair (cont.) Duct mounting for aerodynamic airflow Runs are straight No kinks or twisted turns Flex ducts are fully extended Insulation R-4.2 minimum (Existing insulated Ducts) R-6.0, R-8.0 zone dependent (New Duct) Plenums insulated Outer jacket in place 71

72 Supplies and Returns/ Number and Diameter

Hall of Shame We want to see your before and after pictures for the Duct Restoration Hall of Fame 73

Checklist 7.3 Gas Furnace

Gas Furnace The ACCA 4 Inspection of the Gas Furnace is a visual inspection of the combustion device including it's Cabinet, Electrical Components, Blower Assembly, Condensate Removal, Gas Combustion and Ventilation to ensure these areas are all in safe, operating order. 75

Checklist 7.6 The Evaporator Coil

7.6 The Evaporator Coil During the Service the technician should inspect: Condition of the cabinet and fasteners Condition of the condensate pan and drain line The condition of the condensate pump The production of condensate For any signs of refrigerant leaks The suction line insulation The evaporator fins: Clean and Straight? TXV sensing bulb mounting and insulation if applicable 77

7.6 The Evaporator Coil With system OFF Ensure fins are straight Clean to remove debris blocking air flow Inspect refrigerant line, joints, components and coil for signs of leakage. Insulate refrigerant suction line If TXV present attach and insulate per program requirements With system ON Measure dry bulb temperature difference across the coil Measure pressure difference between the supply and return plenums 78

7.6 The Evaporator Coil SA mobile s Evaporator Coil Checklist follows the ACCA Standard 4 section 7.4. During the inspection the technician evaluate the components that make up the evaporator section. Each component will be deemed as acceptable or unacceptable. In cases where Unacceptable is the choice a proposed solution will be noted. 79

Checklist 7.7 The Condensing Unit

7.7 The Condensing Unit During the Service the technician should inspect: Cabinet integrity Electrical Refrigeration Fan Motor Coil Heat Pump 81

7.7 The Condensing Unit During the Service the technician should inspect: Condition of the Cabinet and fasteners Clearance around unit Electrical Supply and Disconnect The Equipment Grounding The Supply Voltage The compressor s amp draw The fan motor s amp draw The condition of the fan blades 82

7.7 The Condensing Unit With system OFF Verify and repair as needed: Cabinet Electrical disconnect meets code and is functional Grounding meets code and is correctly wired All wiring connections tight and repair as needed Capacitors and contactors Condenser coil Ensure fins are straight Clean or wash coil to remove debris blocking air flow Inspect refrigerant line, joints, components and coil for signs of leakage 83

7.7 The Condensing Unit During the Service the technician will record their findings in SA Mobile. 84

7.7 The Condensing Unit SA mobile s Condensing Unit Checklist follows ACCA Standard 4 section 7.7 During the inspection the technician evaluate the components that make up the condenser Each component will be deemed as acceptable or unacceptable In cases where Unacceptable is the choice a proposed solution will be noted Wash condenser coil upon inspection Straighten fins if necessary 85

7.7 The Condensing Unit With system On Electrical Measure and record incoming line voltage both high and low Measure and record amp draw of unit, compressor and fan motor Refrigeration System Diagnostic Procedure Measure indoor and outdoor temperatures and only continue if they are within the range required by the diagnostic software tool 86

7.7 The Condensing Unit With system On (cont.) Refrigeration System Diagnostic Procedure (cont.) Attach program approved gages and probes as directed by program protocol Run at least 15 minutes or until steady state operation is achieved Take the required readings Follow the software tool directions to first determine faults and then to correct them in the right order Complete final test showing the state of the refrigeration system 87

Refrigeration Cycle Testing

Refrigeration Cycle Test Refrigerant Charge Adjustment (RCA) can only be performed after the Assessment. In the event the condenser has 15% or greater damage, or deterioration, then a Refrigeration Cycle Test can not be performed. Total external Static Pressure must be between 0.5 and 1.0 IWC in order to proceed with RCA. 89

Refrigerant Charge Adjustment Prior to performing the Refrigerant Charge Adjustment: The condenser may not exceed 15% damage The condenser must be washed Suction line must be completely insulated And the total static pressure must be.5 to 1.0 iwc prior to performing Refrigeration Adjustment. Locking Caps are REQUIRED only after performing a Refrigerant Charge Adjustment 90

Refrigerant Charge Acceptable Unacceptable 91

Straighten Bent Fins Straighten bent or damaged fins. 92

93 Determining Condenser Corrosion/Damage Measure the total surface area of the condenser in square inches Measure the damaged or corroded section(s) in square inches Divide the damaged area by the total area and multiply by 100 to determine percent of damage Example: 37in sq. damaged. 418in sq total surface area. 37/418 =.088 X 100 = 9% damage. OK to perform Refrigerant Charge Adjustment

Refrigerant and the Compressor Superheat is the heat absorbed into a substance over its saturation temperature The temperature over the boiling point The difference between the temperature we estimate from measuring the suction pressure and the temperature of the suction line entering the compressor 94

The Condenser The refrigerant enters as a hot gas that is cooled to the saturation temperature in the De-Superheating section The Condensing section is where the refrigerant vapor becomes a liquid The Subcooling section is where the liquid is cooled down further 95

The Condenser Subcooling is the measure of the heat rejected from a substance below its saturation temperature The temperature below the condensing point The difference between the temperature we estimate from measuring the high- side pressure and the temperature of the liquid line leaving the condenser 96

The Refrigerant Diagnostic System

Example of Refrigerant Diagnostic LT ST 68 200 90 60 60 72 DB WB 80 MR1 98

Example of Refrigerant Diagnostic LT ST 68 200 90 60 60 72 DB WB 80 MR1 99

Fault Detection and Diagnostics Overview High side evaluation Low side evaluation Ambient temperature SA Mobile Fault Detection 100

Refrigeration Cycle Testing SA Mobile uses all of the required inputs and calculate four indices used to evaluate a systems performance relative to an expectation at the current operating conditions. ET = Evaporating Temperature SH = Superheat COA = Condensing Temperature Over Ambient SC = Subcooling 101

Refrigeration Cycle Testing Safe and Reasonable Performance All four of the indices are within the acceptable range indicating that there is now further work to do. Systems in this condition are more likely to provide reliable performance and capacity for your customer throughout the cooling season. Comfort and Reliability is what your Customer wants. 102

High Side Evaluation COA - Condensing Temperature Over Ambient Causes of high COA Dirty or blocked Coil Damaged coil Condenser fan problem Overcharge Non condensables Causes of low COA Undercharge Liquid line restriction 103

High Side Evaluation SC Sub-cooling Causes of high sub-cooling Overcharge Liquid line Restriction Causes of low sub-cooling Undercharge 104

High Head Pressure There are three primary causes for high head pressure. 1) High side heat transfer problem 2) Overcharge 3) Noncondensables COA Condensing Temperature Over Ambient 105

High Head Pressure 1) High side heat transfer problem This means the condenser is hot with no sign of over charge. SA Mobile doesn t know if the condenser fans are running. A high condenser air T with running fans proves a dirty condenser. 106

High Head Pressure 2) Overcharge When the sub-cooling is high it means the refrigerant charge is excessive. 107

High Head Pressure 3) Non-Condensables A high condenser air T with running fans proves a dirty condenser If T is not hot, a standing pressure test will prove noncondensables Non-condensables are unusual but not rare 108

High Head Pressure What about liquid line restrictions? Restrictions reduce the refrigerant flow to the evaporator This reduces the amount of heat absorbed in the evaporator With less heat to reject, the condenser is large compared to it s heat load Head pressure is lower 109

Low Side Evaluation ET - Evaporator Temperature Causes of high Evaporating Temperature Overcharge Too much airflow or load Causes of low Evaporating Temperature Undercharge or Low side heat transfer problem Filters Dirty fan Closed and/or blocked registers Dirty and/or blocked coil Undersized ductwork 110

111 Nomenclature SP LP (ET) (CT) ST LT AMB RA RWB SA SWB COA RTU AHU Suction Line Pressure Liquid Line Pressure Evaporator Pressure/Temperature Conversion Condenser Pressure/Temperature Conversion Suction Line Temperature Liquid Line Temperature Ambient Temperature @ Condensing Unit Return Air Dry Bulb Temperature Return Air Wet Bulb Temperature Supply Air Dry Bulb Temperature Supply Air Wet Bulb Temperature Condenser Over Ambient Rooftop Unit Air Handling Unit

Inspections

Inspection Frequencies If unacceptable conditions or performance are found during two successive inspections (Section 7.4.2) The owner should be notified and possible causes should be investigated, such as: Poor field practices Insufficient time budgeted for task Repairs pending such as refrigerant leakage resulting in reoccurring low charge Design issues Obsolete equipment External factors 113

Inspection Frequencies QM Agreement Rebate Two Seasonal visits are required, but depending on investigation, inspection frequency or maintenance task, this may need to be adjusted. Only if the customer elects to sign the QM Agreement. 114

PG&E Approved Motors & Relays

Approved Blower Motor Replacement PG&E has approved the following permanent magnet motors: 116

Approved Fan Delay Relays PG&E has approved the following fan delay relays: 117

PG&E Approved Tools

HVAC Residential Instrumentation Technicians will be required to use instruments that meet the minimum accuracy requirement of the program They will include: Temperature analyzers to read wet and dry bulb temperatures Digital manifold sets Multi-meters to read voltage and amperage Digital manometers 119

Instrument Accuracy Digital Manifold Lo Side + 1 PSI Hi Side + 3 PSI Digital Temperature Analyzer + 1.8 Degrees Fahrenheit Digital Manometer + 0.02 Inches of Water Column (IWC) 120

Digital Temperature Analyzer and Probe Temperature Analyzer with Dry and Wet Sock Probes 121

Digital Manifold Set Digital Manifold (less hoses and thermocouples) 122

123 Volt/Amp Multi-Meters

Digital Manometer-Test Equipment Dwyer Series 475 Mark III UEI EM200 Retrotec DM2 Energy Conservatory DG 700 Either Digital or Analog test equipment are acceptable as long as they are approved by this program 124

Toolbox Safety Topics

Safety Topics Covered Think Safety First when out in the field! Electrical Safety Ladder Safety Tool Safety 126

Electrical Safety Did you know that over 1,000 workers are killed by electricity annually with another 30,000 plus injured? This is from working or coming in contact with live electrical without proper protection or not having turned off the power prior to the start of work. 127

Electrical Safety Severe electrical shock can cause the following serious, and life threatening injuries. Ventricular fibrillation resulting in cardiac arrest Loss of limbs and eyes Severe burns, tissue damage, muscle damage and kidney failure 128

129 Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety Death by electrocution resulting in ventricular fibrillation, doesn t need a lot of current. It only takes about 100 milliamps for a few seconds running through your body to cause Ventricular fibrillation and kill you, compare this to a 100 watt light bulb which is about 909 milliamps. 130

Electrical Safety Electrical hazards can be in the home and in crawl spaces so be alert and watch out. 131

Electrical Hazards to Avoid Electrical hazards can be in the home and in crawl spaces so be alert and watch out. 132

133 Proper Ladder Safety

134 Improper Ladder Use

Tool Safety Eye injuries are quite common. Metal shavings from drilling or grinding, or wire bristles from wire brushes can fly off and enter the eye that is why eye protection should always be worn. Power saws can cause amputations of fingers or limbs. Broken bones and head injuries can result from tools falling from heights. A tool falling from above on an unprotected head could be lethal always wear a hard hat. 135

136 Tool Safety: Protect Eyes and Limbs

137 Tool Safety: Be Aware of What You Are Doing

Questions and Answers WHY ARE HOME AIR CONDITIONERS A LOT LIKE CARS? THEY BOTH RUN BETTER AFTER A TUNE-UP. 138

139 Questions before the Quiz