Presented by: Michael Parrent, Pollution Prevention, Hazardous Materials and Installation Restoration Program Manager
Winter Heating Costs for Warehouses Heat loss out of Cargo Doors at Depot Warehouses Stormwater Outfall Temperature & Volume 6 NPDES permitted outfalls discharge to Exceptional Value or High Quality Cold Water Fishery (HQ-CWF) Streams Heat Island Effect from Black Roofs in Summer Evaluate Renewable Energy Alternatives
SolarWall Rapid Roll-up Cargo Doors Roof-top Wind Turbines Bioretention Basins Green Roof Technology
Evaluate 38 Buildings for SolarWall Suitability Southern Wall Orientation Available Wall Space Fresh Air Intake Needs Existing HVAC Integration Space for Ducts & Fans Collect Meteorological Data Conduct RETScreen Energy Analysis
Warehouse Buildings Excellent Candidates for SolarWall Sloped Canopies Ideal Improved Solar Exposure Increase Intake Air Temperatures by 50-60 F on Cold Sunny Days 14 Buildings Suitable for SolarWall Savings Approx. $363,400 Annually Estimated 2,700 ton Reduction in Carbon Emissions Life-Cycle-Cost Simple Payback = 11 years Life-Cycle-Cost Savings-to-Investment Ratio = 1.46
Automated Rapid Roll-up Doors Minimize the Time Cargo Doors Remain Open and Significantly Reduce Heat Loss in Winter Evaluated 204 Doors Monitored 19 Doors for 2 Months Selected 73 Cargo Doors for Replacement Examples of Monitored Door Locations Door Area (Sq Ft) Average Indoor Temperature at Door Location ( F) Number of Door Openings During Investigation Time Open During Investigation (hours) Total Time of Investigation (hours) Percentage of Time Spent Open During Investigation Potential Annual Heat Savings Bldg 1A : C-5 192 68.55 731 100 1298 7.69 $ 2,636 Bldg 3 : N 168 65.30 621 476 1104 43.11 $ 12,663 Bldg 9: C5 320 66.72 589 157 1320 11.87 $ 7,014 Bldg 15: SW 420 64.82 123 194 1104 17.57 $ 13,755 Bldg 8: C-6 120 62.94 5 0.2 1104 0.02 $ 4 Good Life-Cycle-Cost Simple Payback - 3.3 years Good Life-Cycle-Cost Savings-to-Investment Ratio - 4.8
TYAD Area has Good Wind Potential Velocity & Direction Collected Wind Data at 3 Roof-top Locations and 10-Meter Met. Tower for 2 Months Avg. Roof Wind Speed = 7.8 mph Roof-top Wind Speed Averaged 1.7 mph Higher than Tower Calculated Annual Electric Output from the Wind Data Up to 6,500 kwh/yr from 10 AeroVironment Wind Turbines Poor Life-Cycle-Cost Simple Payback - 163 years Poor Savings-to-Investment Ratio - 0.09
Extensive Areas of Black Roofs & Parking Lots Raising Stormwater Outfall Temperatures Evaluate 30 Potential Locations for Bioretention Basins: Proximity to Stormwater Source; Minimal Slope; Good Soil Infiltration; Sufficient Depth to Bedrock and Water Table Focus on Parking Lots and Large Warehouse Roofs Minimize Impacts to Existing Stormwater System Run Simulations using EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)
85% Storm (0.64 ) Outfall Flow Reduced Avg. of 12% (Up to 23%) Basins Designed to Infiltrate First Flush of Hot Stormwater Reducing Outfall Temperatures 10 Basins can Infiltrate a 2-inch Storm; 13 can Infiltrate a 1-inch Storm
103,000 square feet of 4 extensive modules Placed on two existing buildings within the Army Depot Specialized data monitoring system captures real-time roof performance 10
Comprised of 23 thermocouples installed on both the green roof and a reference roof, Data loggers capture precipitation and storm water data using calibrated scales under the green roof modules T h e r m o c o u p l e s p l a c e d a t o n e i n c h i n t e r v a l s ( 1 ", 2 ", 3 " and bottom ) 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 Green Grid 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 2 Roofing Insulation Goes beyond traditional flow meter method 3 4 Concrete Roof Deck 5 6 Plenum Space 7 High Quality Data Office Space 8 11
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1.Using Garden Roof Systems to Achieve Sustainable Building Envelopes, K.Y. Liu and A. Baskaran, National Research Council of Canada September 2005-54% reduction in runoff (Ontario Canada) 2.TYAD 2009-2010 winter data with frozen green roof and snow cover resulted in inconstant results and are not included in this data set 3.TYAD experienced above average rainfall and cloud cover during June and August 2009 13
Savings per Summer Month Reference Roof Type Green Roof Type Kilowatt Hours (3) $ (4) Roof Size (sq ft) Comments White (1) In place 6-8" 282 28 3,300 Existing Roof Insulation R17-38 Black Grid, 4" 8,613 861 42,943 Tobyhanna Stone Ballast (2) In place, 5.9" 18,895 1,889 388 None 1.Evaluating Green Roof Energy Performance; Jeffery Sonne; ASHRAE Journal Feb 2006 2.Using Garden Roof Systems to Achieve Sustainable Building Envelopes, K.Y. Liu and A. Baskaran, National Research Council of Canada September 2005 3. Data normalized to allow for comparison to a 43,000 sq ft Green Roof 4. Assume cost of $0.10 per KWHr
Economical Reduces energy costs Extends the roof life Enhances property value; creation of new usable spaces Reduces impervious coverage Ecological Retains, filters, detains stormwater Reduces urban heat island effect Improves air quality: filters and binds dust particles, reduces airborne toxins Habitat creation Social Responsibility Local jobs Aesthetic appeal Showcase sustainable values
Solar Tubes Magnify Natural Light using highly reflective, polished metal tubes Energy Efficient & Economically priced Elevated Worker Comfort & Productivity Rainwater Harvesting Freshwater Conservation. Water Reclamation Roof. Micro-Filtration. Ultraviolet Disinfection Unit. 2,900 Gallon Holding Tank. Used for Lavatory Flushing. 2
Monitoring should be based on verification required Proper maintenance of the monitoring system and data quality assurance Pre- and post monitoring of building utilities for existing buildings Past attempts flawed due to reference periods not matching post installation period Climate variability may effect outcome
Reduce the amount of heat being absorbed by dark roof tops, pavement, etc. in the city Reduce ambient air temperatures and increase humidity levels in the surrounding areas The greening of 6% of a city s buildings would reduce summertime urban temperatures by ~ 3 to 4º F (Environment Canada) 19
Stormwater Management May allow for larger building footprint Reduction in number and/or size of traditional stormwater management structures Acceptance as LID/BMP varies by state/municipality Mitigation tactic for municipal stormwater fees Energy Savings Primarily through lower roof temperatures, reductions in heat flow and additional thermal mass Potential to downsize HVAC equipment, specifically for cooling Works to reduce urban heat island impact on cooling in urban areas Can improve the efficiency of solar panels, promoting greater energy savings
Site conditions drive plant selection Consider summer and winter plant aesthetics Consider growth habits Consider short and long term maintenance Incorporate other design elements as needed 22
Fully Modular Flat roofs or low slope (2:12 pitch) Moveable Planted and established off the roof Pre-planting/growing possible Flexible installation Easy roof access/maintenance Built-in-Place Sloped roofs and flat roofs Permanent Planted/cared for on-roof Installation weather dependent Careful roof maintenance, EVM systems can be used 23
Green Roof Systems Built-In-Place (BIP) GreenGrid Modular System
Multiple depth options Ultra Extensive 2.5 typically sedum groundcover Extensive 4 typically sedum groundcover Intensive 8 + rooftop gardens, amenity spaces 25
Return on Investment depends on many factors: Structural upgrades required? Evaluation required for existing construction Considerations relatively minor during construction phase Is additional development land required? Green roof could allow for more of the site to be developed
Is there a municipal tax on stormwater runoff? Green roofs can mitigate stormwater fees How high are energy costs Green roofs can help reduce sizing of cooling equipment and save on yearly energy costs How much does weather exposure affect your roof? Green roofs have the potential for doubling life of roof (cost deferment)
Some return on investment elements are community based and project specific Reduced requirements for stormwater infrastructure Reduced combined sewer/stormwater overflow events Reduced heat island effect has potential to affect cooling loads for a broad range of facilities
80,000 sq ft GreenGrid roof on a new construction 100,000 sq ft retail space 29
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Maximizing LEED Rating using GreenGrid Credit LEED Category Points SS 5.1 SS 5.2 SS 6.1 SS 6.2 SS 7.2 WE 1.1 WE 1.2 ID 1.1 Site Development: Protect/Restore Habitat Site Development: Maximize Open Space Stormwater Design: Quantity Control Stormwater Design: Quality Control Heat Island Effect Vegetated Roof, >50% Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce by 50% Water Efficient Landscaping: No permanent irrigation Innovation in Design (100% Green Roof) TOTAL 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Walgreen s San Francisco, LEED Gold Additional points: EA1, MR 4.1/5.1 GreenGrid LEED Projects US: 14, CA: 5
Sustainable Sites (1-2 points) Water Efficiency (1-2 points) Energy and Atmosphere (1-8 points) Materials and Resources (1-2 points) Innovation and Design Process (1-2 points) *Overall, the GreenGrid Green Roof system installed on 50% or more of the roof surface virtually guarantees 2 LEED points and can contribute towards an additional 7+ points towards LEED certification, almost 25% of the total needed to certify* 32
Evaluated 204 Cargo Doors Monitored Openings & Hours Open at 19 Doors Using Dataloggers for 2 Months Still working on this slide and a few more.