LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane Giovanni A. Barbieri, Istat Lorenzo Barbieri, RomaTre Federico Benassi, Istat Marianna Mantuano, Istat Maria Rosaria Prisco, Istat Alessandra Reale, Istat Rome, 16 June 2017 Labour Market Areas: current developments and future use
Contents What are metropolitan areas in Italy? Old story: administrative vs. functional areas, provinces vs. LMAs Game over? Not yet! Three strategies Two examples One day 2 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Metropolitan areas in Italy Law no. 142 of 1990 Long standstill: municipalities vs. provincial authorities Law no. 56 of 2014 A Gordian knot The egg of Columbus? Quite unexpectedly: territorial footprint = relative provinces Not a good idea! 3 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Città metropolitane [1] 4 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Città metropolitane [2] Città metropolitana Comuni Superficie (km2) Popolazione (Istat 2016) Densità demografica (ab/km2) Roma 121 5.363,28 4.340.474 809,29 Milano 134 1.575,65 3.208.509 2.036,31 Napoli 92 1.178,93 3.113.898 2.641,28 Torino 315 6.817,28 2.275.004 333,71 Palermo 82 5.009,28 1.271.406 253,81 Bari 41 3.862,88 1.263.820 327,17 Catania 58 3.573,68 1.115.535 312,15 Firenze 42 3.513,69 1.013.348 288,40 Bologna 55 3.702,32 1.005.831 271,68 Venezia 44 2.472,91 855.696 346,03 Genova 67 1.833,79 854.099 465,76 Messina 108 3.266,12 640.675 196,16 Reggio Calabria 97 3.210,37 555.836 173,14 Cagliari 17 1.248,68 431.657 345,69 TOTALE 1273 46.629,00 21.945.788 470,65 5 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
A good idea? Not really! 6 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Provinces 1928 Milan+Como Varese Friuli Gorizia Jonio (Taranto) Turin Aosta Novara Vercelli Genova Savona Trento Bolzano Firenze Pistoia Perugia Terni Chieti+Teramo+Aquila Pescara Roma Viterbo Roma+Aquila Rieti Roma+Caserta Frosinone Potenza Matera Lecce Brindisi Siracusa Ragusa Caltanissetta+Catania Castrogiovanni (Enna) Nuoro 7
Provinces and LMAs Annual Report 2015, a comparison in footprints Turin Province (316 municipalities, including Alpine resorts) vs. LMA (112 municipalities) Polycentrism: Ivrea Milan 2 new provinces (Lodi and Monza e Brianza) excised in 1995 and 2009 Provinces are fossils, LMAs are functional The new geography of Metropolitan areas leaves aside any functional analysis aimed at finding the fittest configuration to satisfy local needs 8 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Comparison of provincial footprints and relevant LMAs 9 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Game over? Not yet Two possibilities offered by the 2014 law (after assessing the general principle) Municipalities can choose whether to adhere or not to the metropolitan area correcting at the margins fine tuning Specialisation partitioning a single Metropolitan area in functional parts devoted to different urban roles complementarity polycentrism 10 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Three strategies 1. Features of the urban fabric (geodemographics) 2. Public transportation (personal rapid transit systems, big data) 3. Daily mobility flows (possibly with alternative partitioning algorithms) 11 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Features of the urban fabric Census tracts Ecological classification of the different urban areas Geodemographics [Vickers & Rees 2005] Birds of a feather flock together 12 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
The pattern of residence A functional organisation expressed in the present and everyday life The evidence of the hierarchies implicit in social stratification (the city of the rich and the city of the poor) The result of the accumulation of knowledge, which is what ultimately makes the city so attractive to people and economic activities 13 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
The method and the numbers 14 LMAs of the metropolitan areas 661 municipalities, totalling 85,310 Census tracts Over 17.5 million inhabitants (29 percent of the national population in 2011), half of which in the 14 core municipalities 26 indicators (controlled for redundancy) K-means clustering algorithm 14 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Five typologies Upper-middle class areas Middle-class areas Ageing population areas Young household areas Working class areas / declining area 15 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Distribution of areas within LMAs 16 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Features of the urban fabric: Milan 17 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Features of the urban fabric: Rome 18 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Two examples Cagliari Fine tuning Turin Specialisation Polycentrism 19 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Cagliari 20 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Cagliari and relevant LMA 21 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Features of the urban fabric: Cagliari 22 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Turin Canavese Ivrea Ciriè Chivasso Chieri Pinerolo 23 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Turin and relevant LMA 24 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
Features of the urban fabric: Turin 25 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
One day: history 16 June 1904: Bloomsday History, Stephen said, is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake What about geography? 26 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane
One day: geography What is it? says John Wyse. A nation? says Bloom. A nation is the same people living in the same place. By God, then, says Ned, laughing, if that s so I m a nation for I m living in the same place for the past five years. 27 LMAs as Urban Areas: an Alternative to Italy s città metropolitane