Nessie High Pressure Water Mist Components for Fire Fighting

Nessie High Pressure Water Mist Components for Fire Fighting Generally Quick overview of the Nessie product portfolio used in Fire Fighting applications within Marine, Mobile and Spot systems typically protecting Engines, Turbines, Cable trays, CNC Machines, Computers, Fast Response Vehicles etc. Brief description of the functionality of High Pressure Water Mist for Fire Fighting. Benefits One supplier of components for High Pressure Water Mist Systems. Water Mist General The overall extinguishing principle of Water Mist Systems is that when a Water Mist is applied into the fire the Water Mist evaporates and turns into steam. This process is very energy demanding and the temperature of the fire is reduced dramatically and in the same process expands the Water Mist 1700 times which displaces the air from the fire and the two of the three main sources for fires are removed and the fire is extinguished. This process means that water consumption is typically reduced by 6-10 times compared to conventionally sprinklers and the Water Mist does insignificant damage to engines or hot metal as well as minimum cleaning is required when used in example Passenger Cabins, Hotels, Restaurants etc. The applications for Water Mist Systems is now expanding from the Marine and Offshore segments, where it has proven to increase the safety onboard, into segments like Tunnels, Mobile, Computer room and machine protection. The benefits for tunnels/underground transportation are the small amount of water required where the distribution of water is the main problem and by using high pressure the size in pipe installation is reduced significantly. On mobile system is it possible to build fast response vehicles carrying a small amount of water. Experience has shown that a fast response vehicle is 2-7 minutes earlier than 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 1 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

conventional fire trucks and more that 50 % of the fires is extinguished before arrival of the conventional fire trucks. For computer room and spot protection is the insurance companies are now in favour of replacing conventional sprinklers for building protection combined with a High Pressure Water Mist System for spot protection of the most hazardous areas such as computes, tool machines, moulding machines etc. For architectural constructions where space is critical such as large window areas a High Pressure Water Mist is easy installed because of the small water usage, which results in very small pipe sizes. Hereby has fire protection system very little influence on the design, which gives the architect more freedom in the design. In addition has test shown that a High Pressure Water Mist is having a lot higher cooling effect on large window areas so a longer escape time can be established for large window areas. A complete model for Water Mist Fire Fighting Systems is not yet but it seems that the smaller drops the better result. By using the smallest possible drops the least amount of water is used but small drops are difficult to give momentum due to their low weight, therefore is a High Pressure System the optimum solution today because the High pressure typically generates drops > 50 micron and gives the drops a required momentum for a reasonable reach. Water as Fire Suppression Agent Water is properly the most used agent for fire fighting which may be because of its availability and environmentally friendliness. When water evaporates it starts acting like an Inert gas although it cannot be considered as an inert gas one of the characteristics it the displacement of air, which is the fire fighting principle of inert gases. Comparing the technical constellation of water to other fire fighting agent s water is one of the highest substances with regards to specific heat capacity and heat of evaporation as illustrated in below figure. Fire Fighting Agents kj/kg 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Water Nitogen CO2 HFC-227ea HCFC Blend A Halon 1301 Heat of Evap. Spec. Heat Cap. IG-541 Argon Halon 1301 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 kj/kg K Cooling effect Because of the high Heat of Evaporation the absorption of heat from the fire causes a rapid cooling of the fire. This heat absorption capacity when Water Mist is transferred into water vapour/steam from 25 ºC is 2500 kj or approximately 6 times higher than the heat absorption for CO 2. Compared to conventional sprinklers where the predominately cooling effect is reached by boiling the water, where the energy required for raising the temperature from 20 ºC to100 ºC for 1 litre of water is 27 kj. 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 2 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

Inert effect The main difference from water to gasses is that water only starts acting like an inert gas when heat transfers the water mist into water vapour/steam. Because the more common used liquids have a lower boiling point at atmospheric these liquids is transferred into gasses when released into the atmosphere and does not require a heat source, which is illustrated below. Agent Boiling point at atmospheric pressure [ºC] IG-541 (Inergen) -196 CO 2-79 Halon 1301-58 HFC-227ea (FM 200) -16 Halon 1211-4 Water +100 The Water Mist Paradox The experience with using and testing Fixed Installed Water Mist Systems for fire fighting is that large fires are extinguished easily but very small fires are difficult or almost impossible to extinguish. The reason for this paradox is related to the boiling point of water and the required energy for evaporation is not present at a small fire. The experience from tests is that a small fire will be kept under control and in most cases is the small fire extinguished. Water Mist Flooding With a very fine Water Mist there is the possibility that the drops will float with the airflow and as the fire requires air the very small drops will float to the air and may result in a similar result as a full flooding agent. To achieve the droplets to float with the air the droplets must be <50 µm or smaller because the evaporation of larger drops is influenced by the gravity and a float process becomes unrealistic. Regulations Marine (SOLAS II-2) International Marine Organisation regulations MSC Circ. 668, MSC/Circ. 728 & MSC/Circ. 913 ensure that machinery spaces on vessels are protected effectively against damage caused by fast spreading class B fires. The regulations specifies a full flooding system and the tests for Water Mist Systems is split into three engine room sizes: Class 1: 500 m³. Class 2: 3000 m³. Class 3: > 3000 m³. So far has only Class 2 engine protection been successfully tested with Water Mist System. MSC/Circ. 913 states that all engine rooms above 500 m³ must have a water based system installed for spot protection of hazardous areas in addition to a gas based full flooding system according to the following specifications: New passenger ships > 500 gross tonnes by June 2002. New cargo ships > 2,000 gross tonnes by June 2002. Existing passenger ships > 2,000 gross tonnes by January 2005. One of the reasons, besides the fact that < 90 % of all fires on ships starts in the engine room, for this regulation is that gas protected engine rooms have a very specific procedure to release the gas system which normally takes 10-20 minutes, where Water Mist Systems can be released immediately and automatically after detecting the fire, which typically takes 10-30 seconds after detecting the fire. The final result in case is saving life and ship and quick repair which reduces the amount of lost revenue dramatically. 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 3 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

Mobile Systems The approval for mobile systems is typically approved in each country and a general approval is therefore not an option. Land based systems Approvals is done from case to case by practical tests. In certain areas have the insurance companies offer premium reduction because if installation of High Pressure Water Mist Systems because if the reduced risk water damages. Standards The only existing standard for installation of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems today is NFPA 750. Components In the following is a short technical description made, covering the most common products used in Fire Fighting Systems. For additional products and further details please contact the Danfoss, Nessie sales organisation. Pumps The PAH series pumps are designed to supply water flow under high pressure and is based on the axial piston principle enabling a very light and compact design. The pumps are designed with a very high level of total efficiency and for maintenance free operation with all mowing parts being lubricated by the water. The pumps are fixed displacement pumps where the flow is proportional to the number of revolutions of the input shaft and the pumps displacement. 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 4 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

Benefits Self lubricating by the water. I.e. No maintenance required in the field (Oil change), High reliability, No risk of mixing oil and water. High efficiency (Total > 92 %). I.e. Energy savings, Reduced installation cost. Low weight and compact. I.e. Easy installation. High Shaft Speed (> 1800 rpm). I.e. Direct mounting to el-motor/combustion engine, Reduced installation cost, No maintenance in the field, High reliability. Very low pressure ripples (< 2 %). I.e. No need for pulsation dampeners, Reduced risk for water hammer. Stainless steel (AISI 304) housing. Shock tested to 40g in x-y-z direction. Technical data: PAH pumps 10 12.5 25 32 50 63 70 80 Geometric displacement 10 12.5 25 32 50 63 70 80 [cm 3 /min -1 ] Max. Pressure Cont. ]bar] 1) 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 Max. Pressure Peak [bar] 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 Max. shaft speed [min -1 ] 2) 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 Min. shaft speed [min -1 ] 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 Flow at 1500 min -1 3) [l/min] 13.5 17 34 44 70 86 97 112 Weight [kg] 7.7 7.7 9.7 9.7 32 32 32 32 1) For higher pressure, please contact Danfoss Sales Organisation. 2) For higher or lower shaft speed please contact Danfoss Sales Organisation. 3) Flow at maximum pressure continuously. Temperature: Water temperature: Min. +3 C to max. +50 C at max. pressure continuously. Ambient temperature: Min. +0 C to max. +50 C. Storage temperature: Min. -40 C to max. +70 C. Filtration: The applied water must be filtered through a 10 µm abs., β10-value >5000 filter. Code numbers: PAH pumps Order code number PAH 10 180B0008 PAH 12.5 180B0007 PAH 25 1) 180B0015 PAH 32 1) 180B0016 PAH 50 PAH 63 180B0040 PAH 70 180B0042 PAH 80 180B0041 1) Housing in aluminium. Additional technical data: For further information such as Efficiencies, Suction pressure, Noise levels, Installation, Mounting, Water types etc please refer to Teche Nessie Pumps DKCFN.PD.010.A4.02. 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 5 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

Valves A complete range of relief-, solenoid & check valves are in standard housings and custom designed multi functional blocks. The standard valves are made in AISI 304 stainless steel with AISI 316 as optional. The solenoid valves are ON/OFF types with coils in IP 67 enclosure and a range of EEx coils is also. Pressure setting valves: Type: VRH 30 VRH 60 VRH 60 VRH 120 VRH 120 Maximum flow [l/min] 30 60 60 120 120 Pressure range Adjustable [bar] 25-140 25-80 80-140 25-80 80-140 Connecting Ports G 3/8 G 1/2 G 1/2 G 3/4 G 3/4 Weight Order code number 180G0030 180G0002 180G0003 180G0020 180G0021 For further technical information please refer to Teche WN.30.A4.02 None return valves: Type: VCH 30 VCH 60 VCH 120 Maximum flow [l/min] 30 60 120 Max. pressure [bar] 300 300 300 Opening pressure [bar] 0.5 0.3 0.3 p at max. flow [bar] 2.5 2.5 2.5 Connecting Ports G 3/8 G 1/2 G 3/4 Weight 0.3 0.4 0.6 Order code number 180G0030 180G0002 180G0003 Solenoid valves: The comprehensive range of solenoid operated sectional valves with features such as Manual bypass is and is based on the well proven valves for High Pressure Water Systems. The valves are made in AISI 304 as standard and are in AISI 316 on request. The coils are ON/OFF type and are as AC and DC coils for almost all possible voltages and is also for Eex applications. 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 6 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

Technical data In line and angle valves Type: VDHT 3/8 VDHT 3/8 VDHT 1/2 VDHT 1/2 VDH 120 EA 2/2 NC E 2/2 NC EA 2/2 NC E 2/2 NC E 2/2 NC Maximum flow 30 l/min 30 l/min 60 l/min 60 l/min 120 l/min Maximum Pressure 140 bar 140 bar 140 bar 140 bar 140 bar Pressure drop at Max flow 3.5 bar 2.4 bar 5.8 bar 5.3 bar 6.0 bar Connecting Ports G 3/8 G 3/8 G 1/2 G 1/2 G 1/2 Weight 1.2 kg 1.2 kg 1.2 kg 1.2 kg 1.8 kg Order code number 180L0100 180L0092 180G0102 180L0094 180L0001 Order code number with manual bypass 180L0020 In line and angle valves Type: VDHT 1 EA 2/2 NC VDHT 1 E 2/2 NC Rated flow 150 l/min 150 l/min Rated Pressure 140 bar 140 bar Pressure drop at Max flow 4.0 bar 6.0 bar Connecting Ports G 1 G 1 Weight kg kg Order code number T.B.A T.B.A Order code number with manual bypass yet Multi block valves with 2-5 valves Type: VDHT 60 EA 2/2 NC VDHT 150 EA 2/2 NC Rated flow 60 l/min 150 l/min Rated Pressure 140 bar 140 bar Pressure drop at Max flow 5.8 bar 5.0 bar Connecting Ports G 3/8 1/2, 3/4 & 1 G 3/4, 1 & 1 1/4 Weight Depending on no of valves Depending of no of valves Order code number T.B.A. T.B.A. Order code number with manual bypass yet Coils for solenoid valves Type: 10 Watt AC Coils 18 Watt DC Coils Eex Coils Available voltage 24, 48, 110, 230, 240 Volt 12 & 24 Volt 24 Volt DC & 230/240 volt AC Available frequencies 50 & 60 Hz - 50 & 60 Hz Enclosure IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 Connection Terminal box Terminal box 5 meter cable Ambient temp. 80 C 50 C 40 C Weight 0,30 kg 0,30 kg 0,35 kg Order code number T.B.A at specification T.B.A at specification T.B.A at specification For further technical information please refer to Tech e WN.30.A4.02. 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 7 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

Nozzle inserts: Nozzles have been a Danfoss specialty for decades. They are tailored for High Pressure Water application, and is special designed for Fire fighting sprinkler head application and portable hand guns. The droplet size delivered depends exclusively on the nozzle pressure. High pressure causes smaller droplets, and smaller droplets mean faster evaporation or steam generation. Technical data Liter per min. Liter per hour US Gallon per min US Gallon per hour Spray angle Max. pressure Ordering code 0.42 25.2 0.11 6.6 60º 130 bar 180Z1910 0.92 55.2 0.24 14.4 60º 130 bar 180Z1915 1.25 75.0 0.33 19.8 60º 130 bar 180Z1918 2.17 130 0.70 42.0 60º 130 bar 180z1924 2.87 172 0.76 45.6 60º 130 bar 180Z1926 3.13 188 0.83 49.8 60º 130 bar 180Z1937 3.36 202 0.89 53.4 60º 130 bar 180Z1927 5.74 344 1.52 91.2 60º 130 bar 180Z1931 2.38 130 0.70 42.0 80º 130 bar 180Z2024 -Liters and gallons per min is measured at 100 bar. -Ordering codes is for 10 pieces pack. Material The nozzle part is made in AISI 316 stainless steel and the housing part in AISI 303 Stainless steel with an outer thread of M13x1. On request also in AISI 316. Strainer The strainer is 140 mesh based on 90 micron tread and 130*130 micron gabs. The measurements is based on average measurements from different nozzle inserts: Pressure < 10 µm 10 µm 30 µm 30 µm 50 µm 50 µm 80 µm 80 µm 200 µm Vertical reach 1) 40 bar 0.5 % 10.5 % 38 % 31 % 20 % 20-50 cm 100 bar 2 % 30 % 65 % 3 % 0 % 200-400 cm 1) A longer reach is possible with more Nozzle inserts mounted in a Nozzle Head. 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 8 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S

Power packs A large range of standard power packs and custom designed power packs are with 25, 50 and 200 litre water tank. The power packs are as base units or complete including electric control box as a ready to use unit. Stationary units with single and three phase electric motors with IEC or NEMA connection. Mobile units are with combustion engines or DC motors. Custom designed tanks and units are in larger quantities. Benefits: Assembled and tested unit ready for use. Includes filling and filtration system. High reliability. Compact design with submerged pumps. Long time storage stability. Technical data 25 litre tank: Flow range Adjustable pressure range Maximum dimensions [W * D * H] 1) Maximum power capacity 1) Standard unit excluding control box. Technical data 50 litre tank: Flow range Adjustable pressure range Maximum dimensions [W * D * H] 1) Maximum power capacity 1) Standard unit excluding control box. 4 30 l/min 25 140 bar 0.60 m * 0.30 m * 0.70 m 3 kw / 4 hp 4 45 l/min 25 140 bar 0.85 m * 0.40 m * 0.70 m 7.5 kw / 10 hp Technical data 200 litre tank: Flow range [l/min] 4 220 l/min Maximum pressure [bar] 25 140 bar Maximum dimensions [W * D * H] 1) 1.10 m * 0.51 mm * 1.20 mm Maximum power capacity (1 el-motor) 30 kw / 40 hp Maximum power capacity (2 el-motors) 2 * ( 7.5 kw / 10 hp ) 1) Standard unit excluding control box. DK - 6430 Nordborg Denmark 09.2002 DKCFN.PA.000.AE1.02 521B0417 Page 9 of 9 Nessie is a trademark of Danfoss A/S