HAZARDOUS GAS DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM USING IOT Prof. Pramod Aswale 1, Pritam Bharati 2, Shubham Bharambe 3, Akshay Ghatol 4 1,2,3,4 Electronics and telecommunications department, SITRC Abstract Health safety is a major issue in current era and good safety systems are needed to be implemented in places which are related to work, education and living. This project that we are working on modifies the existing safety model installed in the industrial areas and this system can also be used in houses and offices. The main aim of our project is to propose an AVR microcontroller based combustible and Hazardous gas detecting and alerting system. As it is quite often that we heard about various accidents that are being occurred due to combustible gases, i.e., LPG, LNG, propane, butane and other flammable gases. Frequently we hear, explosion in cylinder of household and vehicles, as well as accidents in industries, mines, etc. Several people have been injured and some got dead. So we are working on a project in which we are using new technology which is being used to make every existing digital system more smart, internet of things (IoT). It provides real time information available on internet for faster accessing with a gas sensor that can detect various other hazardous gases. The advantage of this auto detection and alerting system over the traditionally used manual method is that it offers quickest response time possible and accurate detection of an emergency situation and in turn helps in faster diffusion of the critical situation. Keywords IOT, gas detection, AVR, Alerting system, Gas leakage. I. INTRODUCTION Safety portrays an important aspect in today s world as accidents are likely to happen anywhere. The surroundings which make use of flammable and not easily detectable gases are susceptible to manifest unplanned fires. The Internet of Things is an upcoming technology in which interconnection of devices and the Internet is provided. The semiconductor sensor MQ-7 that is used for Combustible Gas recognition is a subtle Gas sensor. The sensitive material of this MQ-7 gas sensor is SnO2, which works with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target combustible gas exist, the sensors conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. As the conductivity increases the current in the circuit of the sensor increases which results in lower sensor resistance. This change is used to correspond the output signal of gas concentration. MQ-6 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Methane, Propane and Butane and could be used to detect both Methane and Propane. According to the value received if that is above threshold, microcontroller will turn on LED and Buzzer and message is start viewing on the 16x2 LCD display. Once few milliseconds delay, it conjointly sends the information over the internet for throwing gas out and continue send messages as Gas Leakage Detected to your mobile no. This information that is send over the server created on the internet and a Smartphone application can be used to notify. The data on the server is displayed at a webpage for user. II. LITERATURE SURVEY In reference [1] In the prior step, the gas leak is recognized by the gas sensor MQ-6 and this sensor gives the signals to the microcontroller through the ADC and then the microcontroller sends the activation signal to external devices attached to it like the LCD, buzzer, stepper motors, GSM and RF link. At the end the buzzer activates also a message is displayed on the LCD and the GSM module DOI:10.23883/IJRTER.2018.4302.TSCHX 142
send the message to the user. The stepper motors turn off the gas supplies and main switch. In the reference [2] system aims to detect the economic fuels like petroleum, liquid petroleum gas, and alcohol etc and allows a provision for controlling the gas leakage by closing the valve automatically. The next feature of the topic is to ensure the booking of gas cylinder from gas agency. For both the functioning the sensors detect the leaked gas from the sensor and send it to the internet. In the reference [3] system makes use of ATmega 328 microcontroller. Arduino UNO board is used as a base for the whole system. The system consists of an MQ-6 gas sensor attached to it along with a thermostat. These two devices sense the gas levels and the temperature of the surroundings where the system is installed and show the output i.e. the readings on an LCD display. An Ethernet shield is attached to the Arduino UNO board which is loaded in the program code for sending alert to the user. Once the gas levels increase above a predefined level (250 PPM for the proposed system), the device sends an alert notification to the user. The user can control devices attached to the system via a relay like, exhaust fan, light bulb, buzzer/alarm and a motor for closing the gas valve. These devices can be switched on/off by the user using an Android application which supports the Arduino configuration (Blynk application). III. PROPOSED SYSTEM In the project, both the functions transmitting data over internet and sending text message to User IOT, are done wirelessly using Wi-Fi module. MQ-7, MQ-3, MQ-135 and MQ-137 Gas sensor is used to detect Hazardous Gases which are combustible in nature. The power supply of the project is regulated as 5V, supplied by a DC battery. The programming languages used for developing the software to the AVR Microcontroller is Embedded C as well as assembly language. The PROTEUS is used to stimulate the project on software. The hazardous gases and combustible gas were sensed by the sensors and are monitored by the AVR microcontroller and displayed in the LCD. The project works on the sensors that sense the gases and give the data to the controller regarding the real time value along with the threshold value. Initially the serial port of the AVR controller is to be initialized for all the sensors are connected to the ADC of the microcontroller through the serial UART port. The Wi-Fi module is also initialized which is used to send the data to the user and also on the internet for making it open to everyone. The LCD is also initialized which gives us the standard values along with the real time detected values by the sensors. MQ-3 sensor is used to detect alcohol, MQ-7 detects the Carbon monoxide and all the other gases containing Carbon monoxide in it, MQ-135 is suitable for detecting of NH3,NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke,co2,etc, MQ-137 is used to detect the Ammonia and all the gases that include Ammonia, also a temperature sensor LM35 is used to detect the temperature. All these sensors sense the amount of gas and check whether there is leakage or not. The data of the sensor is converted in digital by the inbuilt ADC of the AVR and the values of the sensed gases that are real time is given to the controller. The controller already have the standard values or threshold values stored in it. As soon as the controller receives the real time values of the gases it compares it with the threshold, if the sensor values of the gases is above the threshold level than the Alarm is generated giving indication to the nearby people and also send it to the Wi-Fi module so that the data can be available throughout on the internet. IOT is used for transmitting the data over the internet. @IJRTER-2018, All Rights Reserved 143
Fig 1. Block Diagram. 3.1 MQ-7 Sensitive material of MQ-7 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. It make detection by method of cycle high and low temperature, and detect CO when low temperature (heated by 1.5V). The sensor s conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. When high temperature (heated by 5.0V), it cleans the other gases adsorbed under low temperature. Please use simple electro circuit, Convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas concentration. MQ-7 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Carbon Monoxide. The sensor could be used to detect different gases contains CO, it is with low cost and suitable for different application. 3.2 MQ-3 This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration on your breath, just like your common breathalyzer. It has a high sensitivity and fast response time. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very simple, all it needs is one resistor. A simple interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC. 3.3 TEMPERATURE SENSOR The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, with an output voltage linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature. Thus the LM35 has an advantage over linear temperature @IJRTER-2018, All Rights Reserved 144
sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±¼ C at room temperature and ±¾ C over a full 55 C to +150 C temperature range. 3.4 MQ-135 Sensitive material of MQ135 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target combustible gas exist, the sensors conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. Please use simple electrocircuit, Convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas concentration. MQ135 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Ammonia, Sulfide and Benze steam, also sensitive to smoke and other harmful gases. It is with low cost and suitable for different application. 3.5 MQ-137 Sensitive material of MQ137 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target combustible gas exist, the sensor s conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. Please use simple electro circuit, Convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas concentration. MQ137 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Ammonia, also to other organic amine. The sensor could be used to detect different gas which contains Ammonia, it is with low cost and suitable for different application. 3.6 LCD Liquid Crystal Display screen is an electronic display and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segment and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitations of displaying special & even custom characters, animations and so on. 3.7 WIFI MODULE ESP8266 Espressif Systems Smart Connectivity Platform (ESCP) is a set of high performance, high integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and power constrained mobile platform designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi-Fi capabilities within other systems, or to function as a standalone application, with the lowest cost, and minimal space requirement. ESP8266EX offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking solution; it can be used to host the application or to offload Wi-Fi networking functions from another application processor. 3.8 INTERNET OF THINGS Internet of Things is a fast emerging technology, flourishing in many trends, like making smart homes, industries, healthcare and many more. From a technological outlook, it allows the expansion of fresh protocols and circumstances, as the existing protocols cannot handle the increasing amount of devices connected and the data being transferred. Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as the prevalent and worldwide network which helps delivering a system for checking and regulating the physical world with the help of protocols and IOT sensors. The IOT enforces that all objects, like smartphones, smart watches and similar gadgets insert with the other components as in sensors linked to a common network so any individual may communicate with any resource at any time when required, by using a source that is known in the network. Internet of things is expanding since few years. The basic aim behind this technology is to have different objects such as RFID, NFC, sensors, mobile phones, etc. using ideal addressing schemes that can interact among themselves [1]. @IJRTER-2018, All Rights Reserved 145
IV. CONCLUSION The importance of gas sensing is set to grow with increasing requirements for safety and environmental protection across many industries. The current range of gas sensing technologies has served us well but the future holds many new possibilities. Power and size reductions and an improvement in ruggedness will allow a new generation of body worn devices. And our project will prove to be boom for households and industries. A wide variety of leak detecting techniques is available for gas pipelines. Some techniques have been improved since their first proposal and some new ones were designed as a result of advances in sensor manufacturing and computing power. REFERENCES I. Ashish Shrivastava, Ratnesh Prabhaker, Rajeev Kumar and Rahul Verma, " GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System ", International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue. 2, May-2013. II. Anandhakrishnan S, Deepesh Nair, Rakesh K, Sampath K,Gayathri S Nair, IOT Based Smart Gas Monitoring, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, PP 82-87. III. Shruti Bhoir1, Snehanjali Goregaonkar, Prof. Shilpa Satre, IoT Based Gas Detection System, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2017. IV. Gaurav Choudhary Dr. A.K.Jain, Internet of Things: A Survey on Architecture, Technologies, Protocols and Challenges, IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2016), December 23-25, 2016, Jaipur, India @IJRTER-2018, All Rights Reserved 146