Laboratories and Hazardous Materials Don E. Contois, P.E. Sam Sinapi Company Overview R.W. Sullivan Engineering (RWS) was established in 1945 and currently has 95 employees. RWS is a full service engineering firm offering integrated services in the following disciplines: HVAC Electrical Plumbing Fire Protection Code 1
R.W. Sullivan Engineering Code Group Comprehensive Code Services Building, Fire, Life Safety, Accessibility Plan Review Existing Building Surveys Variances and Appeals National and International Experience Beyond the Code R.W. Sullivan Engineering Code Group Revit Sustainability and LEED Atrium Fire/Smoke and Egress Modeling Hazardous Materials Structural Fire Resistance 2
Agenda Applicable Codes Hazardous Materials Definitions Building Code Exempt Quantities/ Control Areas Use Group H NFPA Mechanical Code Plumbing Code Applicable Codes International Codes Building Code (IBC) (2015 Edition) Fire Code (IFC) (2015 Edition) Mechanical Code (IMC) (2015 Edition) NFPA NFPA 1: Fire Code (2015 Edition) NFPA 101: Life Safety Code (2012 Edition) NFPA 45: Laboratory Fire Protection (Lab Areas) (2011 Edition) NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (Storage Rooms) (2015 Edition) NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (2017 Edition) NFPA 704: Identification of Hazards of Materials Code (2012 Edition) 780 CMR: MA Building Code (9 th Edition) 527 CMR: MA Fire Prevention Code 248 CMR: MA Plumbing & Fuel Gas Code 3
Hazardous Materials Fire Flammable Solid, Liquids, & Gases Combustible Liquids Explosives Oxidizers Pyrophoric Unstable Reactive Water Reactive Health Corrosive Highly Toxic Toxic NFPA 704 Hazardous Materials Ratings Referenced by ICC and NFPA codes Hazard Ratings from 0-4 Fire Reactivity Health Special Hazard 4
NFPA 704 Hazardous Materials Ratings Rating Fire Health Reactivity 0 Will not burn under typical fire conditions. 1 Flashpoint 200F: Class IIIB 2 200 F >Flashpoint 100F: Class II flashpoint <140F Class IIIA flashpoint >140F 3 Flashpoint < 73F: Class IB = Boils above 100F 100 F >Flashpoint 73F: Class IC 4 Flashpoint < 73F: Class IA = Boils below 100F No Hazard Significant irritation. Temporary incapacitation or residual injury. Serious or permanent injury. Death Stable, even under fire conditions. Can become unstable at elevated temperature or pressures, not violent. Violent reaction at elevated temperature or pressure, no detonation. Capable of detonation with strong initiating source. Readily capable of detonation. Int. Building Code Compliance Strategies Maximum Allowed Quantities (MAQ) Small Amounts maintain primary use group. Control Areas Moderate Amounts maintain MAQ limits within areas separated by fire-rated construction. High Hazard Occupancy Large Amounts classify building (or portion thereof) as Use Group H 5
Maximum Allowed Quantities Compliance Strategies (IBC) MATERIAL Combustible liquid Flammable Gas Flammable liquid Flammable liquid, combination (1A, 1B, 1C) IBC Table 307.1(1) (partial) GROUP WHEN THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY IS CLASS EXCEEDED II H-2 or H-3 Solid pounds (cubic feet) STORAGE b USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS b USE-OPEN SYSTEMS b Liquid gallons (pounds) Gas (cubic feet at NTP) Solid pounds (cubic feet) Liquid gallons (pounds) Gas (cubic feet at NTP) Note d: Increase Quantities 100% if building fully sprinklered. Note e: Additional 100% cumulative increase with approved storage. Solid pounds Liquid gallons (cubic feet) (pounds) 120 d, e 120 d 30 d IIIA H-2 or H-3 N/A 330 d, e N/A N/A 330 d N/A N/A 80 d IIIB N/A 13,200 e, f 13,200 f 3,300 f Gaseous N/A 1,000 H-2 N/A N/A 1,000 d,e N/A Liquefied (150) d,e N/A (150) d,e N/A N/A N/A 1A H-2 30 d, e 30 d 10 d N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1B and 1C or H-3 120 d, e 120 d 30 d N/A H- 2 or H-3 N/A 120 d, e, h N/A N/A 120 d, h N/A N/A 30 d, h Control Areas Compliance Strategies (IBC) Floor level determines: Allowable # of control areas % of MAQ per control area Rating of control area separations 6
Control Areas Compliance Strategies (IBC) Floor assemblies supporting control areas must be 2 hour rated (Type I construction), except can be reduced to 1 hour if: Building is of Type IIA, IIIA or VA construction Fully sprinklered Building height 3 stories above grade plane. Use Group H Compliance Strategies (IBC) Occupancy Class (H-1 through H-5) depends on material hazard Use Group Hazard Example H-1 Detonation Explosives H-2 Deflagration / Accelerated Burning Flammable Gas, Flammable Liquids in Open Containers or Closed Container systems Pressurized > 15 psi H-3 Fire / Physical Flammable Liquid Closed Containers Pressurized < 15 psi H-4 Health Corrosives, Toxic Materials H-5 HPM Semiconductor Fabrication 7
Use Group H Fire Separation Required fire separation from office/lab areas (Use Group B) IBC Table 508.4 Use Group Fire Separation w/sprinkler (Hours) H-1 Detached Building H-2 2 H-3 1 H-4 1 H-5 1 Supporting construction must have same rating. Use Group H Fire Separation Distance Minimum fire separation distance from walls enclosing occupancy to lot lines: Use Group H-1 = 75 feet Use Group H-2 = 30 feet if aggregate area of occupancy exceeds 1,000 sqft, if not in a detached building Use Group H-2 and H-3 = 50 feet where a detached building is required. 8
Detection (IBC 415) Leak Detection Storage of flammable and combustible liquid tanks over the MAQ Gas Leak Detection HPM gases over the physiological warning PEL and flammable gases in the following areas: Fabrication area HPM Rooms Gas Cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms Corridors Leak Detection Detection (IFC 5003 and 5704.2.11) Pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge with gasses or liquids classified as Health Class 3 or 4, Flammability Class 4, or instability Class 3 or 4 Underground flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks 9
Detection (IFC 5003.2, 5704.8 and 5808.5) Vapor and Liquid Detection Compressed gas vaults Flammable and combustible liquid vaults Flammable Gas Detection Hydrogen fuel gas rooms Gas Detection Detection (IFC 6004) Toxic gas over the MAQ in gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms that do not have a treatment system Toxic and highly toxic gases over the MAQ 10
Gas Detection Detection (NFPA 1 and NFPA 55) Corrosive gas over the MAQ in gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms that do not have a treatment system Spill Containment (IFC 5004.2.1) Spill control / secondary containment: Required in all Group H areas containing hazardous liquids in containers >55 gal or >1,000 gal total Must contain spill from largest individual vessel + at least 20 minutes of sprinkler water flow. 11
Spill Containment (NFPA 30 Section 9.13) Spill control / secondary containment: Required where individual containers exceed 10 gal. Exception not required for Class IIIB liquids. If drainage system is used or liquids are not stored in dedicated room must also control sprinkler water spread (or use foam system). Explosion Control (IFC 5005.2.1.2) Explosion control: Required in Group H areas when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials dispensed or used Explosion venting Explosion prevention system Damage limiting construction 12
Explosion Control (IFC 911) Explosion venting or prevention system required for various explosion hazards when stored above exempt limits. Flammable Liquids Example: Class IA Required Class IB Required when in open use or dispensing. Explosion Control NFPA 30 Explosion venting or prevention system required under the following circumstances: Class IA liquids stored in containers > 1 gal. Exception liquids storage rooms totally enclosed within the building. Unstable flammable liquid storage. 13
NFPA 45 Required if state adopts NFPA 1 Establishes size limits for laboratory units Class A (High Fire Hazard) Class B (Moderate Fire Hazard) Class C (Low fire Hazard) Class D (Minimal Fire Hazard) NFPA 45 Hazard Ratings 14
NFPA 45 Schools and Universities Educational Laboratories (K-12) Must be Class D or contain <50% of allowed Class C quantities Instructional Laboratories (Undergrad.) Must be Class C or Class D NFPA 45 Differences from IBC References Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) in full Class A, B, and C units must meet NFPA 101 requirements for Industrial occupancies Egress: Single-exit space requirements Lab Class Class A Class B, C, D Max Size (Single Exit) 500 sqft. 1,000 sqft. Standpipes: Required in 2-story buildings 15
Hazardous Exhaust Continuously ventilated fume hoods. Required for all flammable and chemical vapors. Discharge directly to the exterior. Ducts and work area must be at negative pressure. Hazardous Exhaust System (IMC 510) Hazardous Exhaust: The mechanical exhaust of high concentrations of dust or hazardous vapors shall conform to the requirements of Section 510. For the purposes of the provisions of Section 510, a laboratory shall be defined as a facility where the use of chemicals is related to testing, analysis, teaching, research or developmental activities. Chemicals are used or synthesized on a non-production basis, rather than in a manufacturing process. 16
Hazardous Exhaust A hazardous exhaust system shall be required wherever operations involving the handling or processing of hazardous materials, in the absence of such exhaust systems and under normal operating conditions, have the potential to create one of the following conditions: 1. A flammable vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust is present in concentrations exceeding 25 percent of the lower flammability limit of the substance for the expected room temperature. 2. A vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust with a health-hazard rating of 4 is present in any concentration. 3. A vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust with a health-hazard rating of 1, 2, or 3 is present in concentrations exceeding 1 percent of the median lethal concentration of the substance for acute toxicity. Hazardous Exhaust IMC 510: Lab Requirements Must be independent of other exhaust systems Must be in its own shaft, unless all apply: All exhaust ductwork is under negative pressure Negative pressure is continuously maintained (i.e. backup fans) Hazardous ductwork is manifolded in the same fire area in which it originates or in non-occupied space (i.e. shaft or mechanical room) Each control branch has a flow regulating device Does not contain perchloric acid hoods Radioisotope hoods and biological safety cabinets are filtered 17
Hazardous Exhaust Ductwork Protection Suppression required: Ducts shall be protected with an approved automatic fire suppression system installed in accordance with the International Building Code. Exceptions: 1. An approved automatic fire suppression system shall not be required in ducts conveying materials, fumes, mists and vapors that are nonflammable and noncombustible under all conditions and at any concentrations. 2. Automatic fire suppression systems shall not be required in metallic and noncombustible, nonmetallic exhaust ducts in semiconductor fabrication facilities 3. An approved automatic fire suppression system shall not be required in ducts where the largest cross sectional diameter of the duct is less than 10 inches. 4. For laboratories, as defined in Section 510.1, automatic fire protection systems shall not be required in laboratory hoods or exhaust systems. Hazardous Exhaust IMC 510: Lab Requirements Fire dampers & smoke dampers prohibited in hazardous exhaust ducts Penetrates floor assembly rated shaft required Penetrates rated wall either rated enclosure or duct fire suppression system required 18
Electrical Systems NFPA 70 Article 500 requires electrical devices to be listed for use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations depending upon the hazard and likelihood it will exist. Class I Div. I Required where vapors exist under normal conditions Class I Div. II Required where vapors could exist in the event of an accident As required by other specific NFPA Standards Hazardous Waste Piping (248 CMR 10.13) Mass Plumbing Code Hazardous Wastes: Chemical waste Nuclear/radioactive material Deionized liquid Acids/Alkalines Perchlorates Solvents Must review requirements of local wastewater treatment agency. 19
Hazardous Waste Piping (248 CMR 10.13) Hazardous waste requires Separate piping system, painted or marked yellow Neutralizing sump Emergency Wash Systems Mass Plumbing Code & Fire Code- Required in all labs, schools, and colleges (new and renovated) where: Corrosive or flammable liquids are handled Chemicals are stored or used Open flame devices are used Must include one or more: Drench/Deluge Showers Hand Held Body/Face Washers Deck Mounted Drench Hose 20
Emergency Wash Systems Installation: Must be located as close to the main door as possible, and no more than 50 feet from an experimental area Emergency Wash Systems Temperature = 70 90 degrees F Flow = Min. 30 gallons per minute Design details to comply with ANSI Z-358.1 21
Emergency Wash Systems OSHA/ANSI Requirements 29 CFR 1910.151 Eyewash or shower required where eyes or body may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials ANSI Z358.1 Recommended installation standard Must be reached from hazard within 10 seconds (recommended <55 ft) Fire Extinguishers MA Fire Prevention Code requires fire extinguishers in new and existing labs (regardless of whether any work is done). Must comply with NFPA 10 Located in each laboratory with max. travel distance of 30-50 feet depending on size of extinguisher. MA Fire Prevention Code also requires at least one fire blanket in each existing laboratory not equipped with an emergency wash system. 22
ID5 Questions? Don dec@rwsullivan.com Sam srs@rwsullivan.com 23
Slide 45 ID5 optional slide IT Department, 2/2/2007