Study on Residential Area Lots and Plans for Green Area in City of Norfolk Makoto TANOUE Graduate Student, The University of Kitakyushu Hiroatsu FUKUDA Professor., Faculty of Engineer, The University of Kitakyushu., Dr. Engineer KEYWORDS Residential Area, Green Tract Plan, Scene, Block, History, Yard 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Abstract Sceneries of residential area have various differences according to many conditions, such as geographical situation of the area, size of the population, the historical circumstances, and the culture. Especially, when residential areas of different countries are compared, various variations of the scenery are found according to the cultural, historical difference and the difference in the consciousness of resident and planner. Recently, the scenery of the residential area is improving in Japan, but the value depends on the location and the neighborhood institutions not the scenery. On the other hand, the value changes with the qualities of the site including the surrounding environment and the scenery in residential areas such as the value of the United States. Then, we investigated and analyzed the structure of residential area focusing on the green tract plan in Norfolk, which is sister city of Kitakyushu. It is very historical city among the cities in the United States, and clarified its feature. Figure 1-1 the position of the investigation districts in Norfolk 1. 2 ABOUT NORFOLK CITY Norfolk is a city of 234,403 total population located in the American Virginia state, and it forms a metropolitan area of about 1.56 million people with the neighboring cities and is the center of the cities. The gross area is 249.4 square km, and 44.22% of those are water area. Norfolk is the greatest port city in the state of Virginia where American settlement started. This city is very historical, and has the buildings and the areas of the various generations there. 1. 3 THE INVESTIGATION DISTRICT Figure 1-2 the position of the investigation districts in Norfolk I selected nine districts from A PATTERN BOOK for NORFOLK NEIGHBORHOODS of published by Norfolk city urban design associates as this investigation residential area, and those are Ghent, Freemason, Huntersville, Colonial Place, North Ghent, Riverview, Norvella Heights, Azalea acres, and Ghent Square. These districts were developed in 19th century as for Ghent, Freemason and Huntersville, in the first half of 20th century
as for Colonial Place, North Ghent and Riverview, in after the war of second half of 20th century as for Norvella Heights, Azalea acres and Ghent Square. In addition, Area use appointment to be called DISTRICT in this city is appointed in each district, and as shown in Table 1-1, various use appointment is made also in the investigation districts. Table 1-1 the use appointment districts and the investigation 2. INVESTIGATION / ANALYSIS 2. 1 INVESTIGATION / ANALYSIS IN CITY LEVEL I extracted the population, the number of buildings, the house value, the vacant house rate and the building completion year of the areas that divided this city into all the 84 districts from the national census data of Norfolk city, and calculated each density and illustrated the density distribution of each data on maps. Figure 2-1 gross population density map Figure 2-2 gross building density map Figure 2-3 vacancy rate of house map Figure 2-4 house mean value map
Figure 2-5 building completion year map About investigated areas, According to Figure 2-1 as for the population density Ghent and North Ghent are 83[people/ha], Huntersville is 70[people/ha], which are higher than the other areas. Norvella Heights and Azalea Acres in suburbs are low denser by 32[people/ha] and 24[people/ha]. According to Figure 2-2, the number of buildings density on Ghent and North Ghent is high relatively by 52.5[building/ha], and the densities on Norvella Heights and Azalea Acres are low denser by 13.4[building/ha] and 9.5[building/ha]. They link the population density in major areas. As for vacant house rate, according to Figure 2-3 these rates are low with under 10[%] in most areas, but the vacant house rate of Huntersville is higher with 13.1[%]. According to Figure 2-4, Ghent, Freemason and North Ghent are relatively expensive areas of the house value ahead of 27,000 dollars. Although Huntersville is close to the down town, the house value is lower. And I show a graph in Figure 2-6 that I pull out parts about the investigation districts from data of the building completion year and gathered up. According to this graph and Figure 2-5, Ghent, Colonial Place and Riverview are the areas that houses built before 1940 remain. Houses of large majority in Norvella Heights and Azalea Acres were built late in 1950s, and that year almost is the same as the building average completion year of Norfolk city. Ghent Square is a district that has many houses built in 1980s. Huntersville has two peaks of the completion year in before 1940 and 1970s and it is old district, but it turns out that it is a district to which rebuilt went. Although the peak value is sparse in Freemason, it is because this includes office town and business area in the date acquisition area. 2. 2 INVESTIGATION / ANALYSIS IN BLOCK LEVEL I made the detailed maps that show the composition of districts for plural blocks of the single area use. I found the composition ratio of public green space, private green space, road, sidewalk, building and others such as parking space and etc in each district from this maps. Figure 2-7 illustrated the structure of the blocks. A lot of green belts are seen between the road Figure 2-6 a graph that show the number of building in the completion year and the mean year and sidewalk in investigation districts, and it is Figure 2-7 the section constitution of the block assumed that this part is called Verge in this thesis. I compared the compositions of each districts from Figure 2-8 and Figure 2-9. As for street the ratio in Ghent Square is high relatively 26.7[%], and the Ghent, Freemason and North Ghent follows it
just over or below 18[%]. The ratio in Huntersville, Riverview and Norvella Heights is lower at about 12[%]. As for sidewalk, Freemason is higher ratio 9.8[%], and Norvella Heights and Azalea Acres is lower about 3[%]. As for public green space, the ratio in Riverview is high relatively 10.1[%], and in Freemason is lower 0.8[%] than other districts. About private green space Huntersville, Norvella Heights and Azalea Acres have higher ratio about 60[%]. On the other hand, the ratio in Freemason, North Ghent and Ghent Square is lower about 35[%] than other districts. As for the ratio of building, it has relation that it is close to the ratio to occupy of private green space, and if the space increases in rate, the tendency for the ratio of building area to fall can see. As for the other space the ratio in Freemason is higher 10.1[%] than other districts that are under 5[%]. Figure 2-8 the constitution of the blocks on each districts Figure 2-9 graph of constitution ratio of block by districts 2. 3 INVESTIGATION / ANALYSIS IN SITE LEVEL I analyzed the placement characteristics of buildings, green space and etc in each site with GIS system Interactive Zoning Mapper of Norfolk publication, and clarified the use characteristics of building front space that has the deep relation with the formation of scenery by the photograph data that I photographed locally. Figure 2-11, Figure 2-12, Figure 2-13 and Figure 2-14 show the photographs of analysis examples in Ghent district. Figure 2-10 aerial photographs and site boundary lines by districts from Interactive Zoning Mapper Figure 2-11 the photographs of building front space in Ghent: Type A [the number of data 92 / 126] Figure 2-12 the photographs of building front space in Ghent: Type B [the number of data 25 / 126] Figure 2-13 the photographs of building front space in Ghent: Type C [the number of data 6 / 126] Figure 2-14 the photographs of building front space in Ghent: Type D [the number of data 3 / 126]
About characteristics of the site use, it understood that it can classify into about nine use types of residential site. I show the classification result and each ratio to occupy in the whole. The rates of four types are especially high in that. As representative site use characteristics to form the sceneries of the residential area in this city, I illustrated sketching of the front space of the site to Figure 2-15, Figure 2-16, Figure 2-17 and Figure 2-18. Table 2-1 the use types in the residential site Figure 2-15 a sketch of Type 1 Figure 2-16 a sketch of Type 2 Figure 2-17 a sketch of Type 5 3. CONCLUSIONS Figure 2-18 a sketch of Type 8 In the residential areas of Norfolk city, I performed investigation / analysis in this way, as a result, the features regarding the structures and the usages of district, block and site could be summarized as some types. This study in Norfolk city where has very good sceneries on the residential areas made components to form such as sceneries. REFERENCES [1] CENSUS TRACT DATE FROM CENSUS 2000, The City of NORFOLK the Department of Planning and Community, Development, http://www.norfolk.gov/planning/census_2000 [2]Wkipedia, http://www.wikipedia.org [3] A PATTERN BOOK for NORFOLK NEIGHBORHOODS, NORFOLK URBAN DESIGN ASSOCIATES [4] Department of Planning and Community Development Design Review, The City of NORFOLK, http://www.norfolk.gov/planning/designreview [5] Interactive Zoning Mapper, The City of NORFOLK the Department of Planning and CommunityDevelopment, http://gis.norfolk.gov/website/htmlviewer/zone/viewer [6] City of Norfolk Street Atlas, The City of NORFOLK the Geographic Information System Bureau,http://gis.norfolk.gov/